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SOC SCI - Term 1 > Ancient Civilizations In Southeast Asia > Flashcards

Ancient Civilizations In Southeast Asia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a civilization?

A

A civilization is a highly organized and complex society.

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2
Q

Name the features of a civilization

A
  1. Urbanization / Establishment of Cities
  2. Organized Central Government
  3. Religion
  4. Arts
  5. Architecture
  6. System of Writing
  7. Public Works
  8. Social Classes
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3
Q

Name all the ancient civilizations in Mainland Southeast Asia

A
  1. Funan Civilization
  2. Khmer Civilization
  3. Pagan Civilization
  4. Ayutthaya Civilization
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4
Q

One of the Earliest Ancient Civilization in Southeast Asia

A

Funan Civilization

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5
Q

Where is Funan located?

A
  1. Southern Vietnam
  2. Cambodia
  3. Parts of Thailand
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6
Q

What is Funan known for?

A
  1. Advanced Trade Networks
  2. Cultural Exchanges with India and China
  3. Early Adoption of Hinduism and Buddhism
  4. Bronze Casting
  5. Stone Sculpture
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7
Q

What is the capital city of Funan?

A

Vyadhapura

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8
Q

Where is vyadhapura believed to be?

A

Near Angkor Borei

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9
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Vyadhapura is what?

A

A Major Urban and Trading Center

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10
Q

What is the dominant religion in Funan?

A

Hinduism

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11
Q

Why is Hinduism the dominant religion in Funan?

A

Due to Indian Culture

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12
Q

What is the system of writing used in Funan?

A

Sanskrit

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13
Q

What is Sanskrit used for in Funan?

A
  1. Religious Purposes
  2. Governance Purposes
  3. Trade Purposes
  4. Administrative Purposes
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14
Q

When did the Fall of Funan happen?

A

600CE

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15
Q

Why did Funan fall?

A
  1. Internal Instabilty
  2. Pressure from the Chenla Kingdom
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16
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Khmer is one of the most ______ and _______ civilization

A
  1. Powerful
  2. Influencial
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17
Q

Where is Khmer located?

A

Cambodia

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18
Q

What is Khmer known for?

A
  1. Architectual Achievements
  2. Cultural Influence
  3. Religious Influence
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19
Q

Fill in the balnks:

Khmer is ruled by a ________

A

God-King / Devaraja

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20
Q

A concept influenced by Hindu Traditions

A

God-King / Devaraja

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21
Q

What was Khmer called before?

A

The Chenla Kingdom

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22
Q

What are the ancient civilizations that had a complex irrigation system?

A
  1. Khmer Civilization
  2. Funan Civilization
  3. Ayutthaya Civilization
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23
Q

Khmer’s complex irrigation system involved what?

A
  1. Massive Resevoirs
  2. Extensive Network of Canals
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24
Q

What is the capital city of Khmer

A

Angkor

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25
Q

One of the largest pre-industrial cities in the world

A

Angkor

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26
Q

Angkor is a center of what?

A
  1. Political Power
  2. Religion
  3. Culture
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27
Q

True or False:

Khmer had a centralized monarchy

A

False

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28
Q

True or False

Khmer had a Rigid Social Hierarchy

A

True

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29
Q

What religion heavily influenced the early Khmer Civilization

A

Hinduism

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30
Q

When was Angkor Wat built?

A

The Early 12th Century

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31
Q

What is the largest religious monument in the world?

A

Angkor Wat

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32
Q

Angkor Wat is dedicated to what?

A

Hindu Gods
1. Vishnu
2. Shiva

33
Q

Angkor Wat has representations in what?

A
  1. Hindu Mythology
  2. Historical Events
34
Q

Khmer made this temple that featured massive stone face and detailed carvings.

A

Bayon

35
Q

Bayon features what?

A
  1. Massive Stone Faces
  2. Detailed Carvings
36
Q

Bayon symbolizes what?

A

The Divine Kingship of the Khmer Rulers

37
Q

What script did the Khmer people use?

A

Khmer Script

38
Q

Where did the Khmer script derive from?

A

Ancient Indian Brahmi script

39
Q

What was the Khmer Script used for?

A
  1. Religious Purposes
  2. Administrative Purposes
40
Q

The Khmer Script included what?

A

Inscriptions

41
Q

The Khmer Script’s inscriptions provided what?

A

Valuable Insights into Khmer’s:
1. Political Life
2. Cultural Life
3. Religious Life

42
Q

How did Khmer fall?

A
  1. Over-Expansion
  2. Internal Conflicts
  3. Pressure from Neighboring Powers (like Ayutthaya)
  4. Environmental Challenges affecting their irrrigation systems
43
Q

This civilization is also known as the “Bagan Empire”

A

Pagan Civilization

44
Q

This civilization was the first to unify much of present-day Myanmar

A

Pagan Civilization

45
Q

Pagan’s Society is what?

A

Hierarchical

46
Q

Pagan Civilization was a centralized monarchy. True or False?

A

True

47
Q

Funan’s cities were critical hubs for inland and maritime trade. Why is that?

A

Funan’s cities were well-placed near rivers.

48
Q

Funan’s society is what?

A

Hierarchical

49
Q

Funan was ruled by a what?

A

A powerful monarchy / Kings

50
Q

Funan’s bronze casting and stone sculptures depicted what? And what do they reflect?

A
  1. Religious Themes
  2. Mythological Themes

These reflect the combination of Indian Art Traditions

51
Q

Khmer’s king is often associated with what?

A

Hindu Gods / Goddesses

52
Q

Bagan is known for what?

A
  1. Buddhist Temples
  2. Stupas
  3. Monasteries
53
Q

What is the capital of Pagan?

A

Bagan

54
Q

Pagan was a centralized monarchy. True or False

A

True

55
Q

Who was the first king in Pagan?

A

King Anawrahta

56
Q

How long was King Anawratha elected?

A

1044 CE - 1077 CE

57
Q

King Anawrahta was assigned with what?

A

Unifying much of Myanmar

58
Q

Pagan was involved in the spread and institutionalization of Theravada Buddhism in Myanmar. True or False

A

True

59
Q

Many inscriptions in Pagan were in what?

A
  1. Pali
  2. Burmese
60
Q

This is the liturgical language of Thervada Buddhism

A

Pali

61
Q

In Pagan, Burmese reflected what?

A

The civilization’s deep connection to Theravada Buddhist teachings.

62
Q

Pagan is famous for what?

A

Unique Temple Architecture

63
Q

In the golden age of Pagan, what did Pagan do?

A

Pagan constructed more than 10,000 temples, pagodas, and monasteries across the Bagan Plain

64
Q

Pagan’s religious monuments were often built for what?

A

In honor of the Buddha or as acts of merit by the elite.

65
Q

What are the notable structures built by Pagan

A
  1. Ananda Temple
  2. Swezigon Pagoda
  3. Dhammayangyi Temple
66
Q

Pagan’s notable structures reflect what?

A

Their advanced architectural skills.

67
Q

Pagan produced what?

A
  1. Highly Refined Buddhist scupltures
  2. Murals
  3. Iconography
68
Q

Pagan’s production were heavily influenced by what?

A

Indian Styles

69
Q

Early in Pagan’s history, what script did Pagan use?

A

Pyu Script

70
Q

Where was the Pyu Script inherited from?

A

The Earlier City-States of Myanmar

71
Q

By the 11th century, Pagan used what script?

A

Burmese Script

72
Q

Where was the Burmese Script derived from?

A

Mon Script

73
Q

What was the dominant writing system of Pagan

A

Burmese Script

74
Q

In Pagan, the Burmese Script is used to record what?

A
  1. Religious Texts
  2. Royal Orders
  3. Inscriptions on Temple Walls
75
Q

When did the Fall of Pagan happen?

A

Late 13th Century

76
Q

Why did Pagan fall?

A
  1. Over-expansion
  2. Financial Strain
  3. Invasion of the Mongols
77
Q

When did the Mongols invade Pagan?

A

1287 CE

78
Q

Why did Pagan experience financial strain?

A

Due to Massive Temple Construction Projects

SOC SCI - Term 1 (1 decks)

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