ancient civilizations Flashcards
When did the classical age of Greece begin?
500 bc
Define Peloponnesus. (pg. 196)
THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF GREECE’S PENINSULA
What was the earliest known civilization in Greece? Where did they live? (pg. 197)
MINOAN; CRETE
What Greek civilization possibly brought an end to the Minoans? (pg. 198)
MYCENAEAN
What war do scholars believe the Mycenaeans started? (pg. 198)
TROJAN WAR
What three seas surround Greece? (pg. 199)
IONIAN SEA; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; AEGEAN SEA
How many islands are included in Greece? (pg. 199)
OVER 6000
Define Monarchy. (pg. 200)
A GOVERNMENT RULED BY A KING
Define Tyrant. (pg. 201)
A RULER WITH ABSOLUTE AUTHORITY
Define Oligarchy. (pg. 201)
A GOVERNMENT RULED BY A FEW PEOPLE
Define Agora. (pg. 202)
A BUSY MARKETPLACE IN THE CENTER OF ATHENS
Describe the Athens city-state. (pg. 201 & 203)
-THE MEN WERE EDUCATED AND ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE
ASSEMBLY
-THE WOMEN WERE RARELY SEEN IN PUBLIC AND RARELY WORKED OUTSIDE
THE HOME
-DEMOCRACY
Describe the Sparta city-state. (pg. 202 & 203)
-THE WHOLE SOCIETY REVOLVED AROUND BUILDING AND MAINTAINING ITS
ARMY
-AN OLIGARCHY WAS THE CITY-STATE’S ONLY TYPE OF GOVERNMENT
-THE MEN WERE TAUGHT FROM A VERY YOUNG AGE TO FIGHT, STEAL, AND
PROTECT THEMSELVES
-RIGID LIFE
-ONLY THE STRONG BOYS SURVIVED
Who was Pericles? (pg. 206)
-MOST FAMOUS LEADER OF THE DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS
-CONSIDERED ONE OF THE GREATEST PUBLIC SPEAKERS OR ORATORS
-POLITICIAN
What events lead up to the Peloponnesian War? (pg. 207-208)
-ATHENS FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH MANY CITY-STATES CALLED THE
DELIAN LEAGUE
-ATHENS GREW WEALTHIER FROM COLLECTING TAXES AND GUARDING THE
TREASURY
-TENSION GREW BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA
What were some consequences as a result of the Peloponnesian War? (pg. 207-208)
-SPARTA TOOK CONTROL OF GREECE FOR ABOUT 30 YEARS
-THE SPARTAN OLIGARCHY WAS UNPOPULAR WITH THE OTHER CITY-STATES
-ATHENS LOST ITS DEMOCRACY
Who was Thucydides? (pg. 209)
HISTORIAN WHO RECORDED ON ANCIENT GREECE
Explain the difference between Greek religious beliefs and Christianity. (pg. 210)
- THE GREEKS BELIEVE THEIR GODS LIVED ON MOUNT OLYMPUS. THE BIBLE
TELLS US GOD LIVES IN HEAVEN; JESUS CAME DOWN AND LIVED ON
EARTH FOR 33 YEARS. - THE GREEKS WORSHIPED GODS AND GODDESSES WHO WERE VERY
MUCH LIKE HUMANS AND JUST AS SINFUL. THE TRUE GOD OF THE BIBLE IS
PERFECTLY HOLY.- THE GREEKS BELIEVED THAT THEY NEEDED THE FAVOR OF THE GODS TO
ACCOMPLISH THE VARIOUS TASK OF LIFE. TO WIN THE FAVOR OF THE
GODS, THE GREEKS OFFERED THEM SACRIFICES. IN THE OLD TESTAMENT,
GOD REQUIRED PEOPLE TO MAKE SACRIFICES TO HIM AS A SYMBOL OF
MANKIND’S GREATEST NEED. SINCE GOD CANNOT ACCEPT SIN, HE
CANNOT ACCEPT MAN IN HIS SINFUL CONDITION. WHEN JESUS DIED ON
THE CROSS, HE PAID THE SACRIFICE FOR ALL MANKIND. GOD PROVIDED
THE PERFECT SACRIFICE SO THAT WE CAN BE ACCEPTABLE IN HIS SIGHT.
- THE GREEKS BELIEVED THAT THEY NEEDED THE FAVOR OF THE GODS TO
Define Myth. (pg. 210)
A TRADITIONAL STORY ABOUT GODS AND GODDESSES
What did both the Bible and Greek philosophers emphasize? (pg. 212)
VIRTUES
According to the Bible, what is needed in order to live a godly life? (pg. 212)
THE POWER OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
Who was Socrates? (pg. 212)
GREEK PHILOSOPHER AND TEACHER WHO ASKED HIS STUDENTS
THOUGHT-PROVOKING QUESTIONS
Who was Aristotle? (pg. 213)
GREEK PHILOSOPHER WHO INTRODUCED THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Who was Plato? (pg. 213)
GREEK PHILOSOPHER WHO BELIEVED THE SPIRITUAL WORLD WAS
SUPERIOR TO THE PHYSICAL WORLD
Who is Homer? (pg. 214)
A POET WHO WROTE THE ILIAD AND ODYSSEY
Who was Aesop? (pg. 215)
GREEK SLAVE WHO WROTE FABLES
Define Fable. (pg. 215)
A STORY DESIGNED TO TEACH A LESSON
According to a Greek Myth, what was Midas’ wish? (pg. 216)
EVERYTHING HE TOUCHED WOULD TURN TO GOLD
Who was Euclid? (pg. 219)
AUTHOR OF THE FIRST GEOMETRY BOOK
Who was Hippocrates? (pg. 219)
FATHER OF MEDICINE
Describe what the original Olympic Games were like. (pg. 220)
-HELD IN OLYMPIA
-THEY HONORED THE GODS
-ATHLETES FROM ALL OVER COMPETED IN A VARIETY OF SPORTS
-WINNERS WERE GIVEN GARLANDS OF LEAVES AS CROWNS
Define Muses. (pg. 220)
A GROUP OF NINE GODDESSES WHO PRESIDED OVER THE ARTS
SYNAGOGUE
THE ROMANS; 70 AD
TO CAUSE PEOPLE TO TURN TO THE MESSIAH FOR SALVATION
THE 3RD/LAST STRONGHOLD - THE JEWS COMMITTED MASS SUICIDE INSTEAD OF BE CONQUERED BY THE ROMANS
ISRAEL CEASES TO EXIST AS A NATION
1948
