Anceint Greece 1/7/24 - 1/28/25

Question 1

What is a monarchy?

Answer 1

Rule by one king, hereditary rule, most claim divine right

Often referred to as the ‘age of kings’.

Question 2

In what form of government does the nobility hold power?

Answer 2

Aristocracy

Characterized by hereditary rule and land ownership.

Question 3

What defines an oligarchy?

Answer 3

Rule by a small group, based on wealth, controls the military

Known as the ‘Age of Tyrant’, with Sparta as a historical example.

Question 4

What is direct democracy?

Answer 4

Rule by citizens, majority rules

Athens is a key historical example.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: A government ruled by one king is called a _______.

Answer 5

Monarchy

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The government form where power resides with the nobility is known as _______.

Answer 6

Aristocracy

Question 7

True or False: In an oligarchy, rule is based on land ownership.

Answer 7

False

Oligarchy is based on wealth, not land ownership.

Question 8

What historical context is associated with oligarchy?

Answer 8

Age of Tyrant

This term highlights the concentration of power in a few individuals.

Question 9

Which city-state is known for its direct democracy?

Answer 9

Athens

Question 10

What are the key characteristics of the landscape described?

Answer 10

• mountains
• rocky
• 20% arable
• not flat
• few natural resources

These features impact the region’s agriculture and settlement patterns.

Question 11

What are the impacts of the landscape on the communities?

Answer 11

• fight over resources
• trade a lot
• population is small
• travel is difficult
• separate communities (city-states)

Limited resources lead to competition and the formation of independent city-states.

Question 12

Describe the climate of the region.

Answer 12

• moderate climate
• mild, rainy winters
• hot summers

This climate promotes a rich outdoor life and influences local activities.

Question 13

What are the impacts of the climate on the lifestyle?

Answer 13

• rich outdoor life
• entertainment
• conversation

The climate supports social interactions and outdoor activities.

Question 14

What geographical features characterize the sea in the region?

Answer 14

• peninsula (Peloponnesian)
• 3 seas (Adriatic, Aegean, Mediterranean)
• good harbors

These features facilitate maritime activities and trade.

Question 15

What are the impacts of the sea on the economy?

Answer 15

• strong fishing industry
• good sailors
• liquid highways
• skilled traders

The sea supports trade and fishing, contributing to economic development.

Question 16

What is a Polis?

Answer 16

A city and surrounding countryside; the main gathering place and origin of politics, policy, and police

The Polis is central to the social and political structure of the region.

Question 17

What is the significance of the Acropolis?

Answer 17

A fortified hilltop within a Polis

The Acropolis serves as a place of refuge and a center for religious and political activities.

Question 18

What type of military structure is described?

Answer 18

Citizen soldiers consisting of small land owners, artisans, and merchants

This structure allows for a strong defense and civic participation in warfare.

Question 19

What weapon material replaced bronze during the Dorian Era?

Answer 19

Iron

The use of iron weapons marked a technological advancement in warfare.

Question 20

What is a Phalanx?

Answer 20

A military formation where powerful individuals appeal to the poor/unhappy, leading to the rise of tyrants

This formation represents a shift in power dynamics within city-states.

Question 21

Where is Sparta located?

Answer 21

Peloponnesus

Question 22

What are the three classes in Sparta?

Answer 22

• Citizens
• Neighbors
• Helots

Question 23

What type of government did Sparta have?

Answer 23

Oligarchy

Question 24

Who were the five elected overseers in Sparta?

Answer 24

Ephors

Question 25

What is the age requirement for males to be part of the Spartan assembly?

Answer 25

Over 30

Question 26

What was the primary goal of the Spartan military machine?

Answer 26

* All males part of an efficient military machine * Control helots * Extend power

Question 27

What happened to weak babies in Sparta?

Answer 27

Abandoned

Question 28

At what age did Spartan boys begin military training?

Answer 28

7

Question 29

What was the Spartan motto regarding returning from battle?

Answer 29

Come home with your shield or come home on it

Question 30

What type of education did Spartan boys receive?

Answer 30

Harsh education

Question 31

What type of training did Spartan women receive?

Answer 31

Strict physical training

Question 32

What were the primary economic activities of Athens?

Answer 32

Sea Traders

Question 33

What type of geographical feature did Athens have?

Answer 33

Fortified city on hilltop

Question 34

What are the three social groups in Athens?

Answer 34

* Citizens * Non Athenians * Slaves

Question 35

What type of values were prominent in Athenian society?

Answer 35

Democratic values

Question 36

What was commonplace in Athenian society?

Answer 36

Luxuries

Question 37

In which fields did Athens make advancements?

Answer 37

* Art * Architecture * Philosophy * Medicine

Question 38

What significant legal reform did Solon enact?

Answer 38

Abolished Delet Slavery from Draco's code

Question 39

Under Solon, what determined who could rule in Athens?

Answer 39

Wealth instead of lineage

Question 40

What changes did Solon make to the General Assembly?

Answer 40

Expanded it to allow all citizens to vote, elect officials, and judges

Question 41

Who was Cleisthenes?

Answer 41

A reformer who instituted full democracy

Question 42

What was one of Cleisthenes' major reforms concerning societal structure?

Answer 42

Created tribes to break the influence of aristocracy

Question 43

What does ostracism refer to in the context of Cleisthenes' reforms?

Answer 43

Exile of a powerful individual

Question 44

What characterized the Persian Empire?

Answer 44

Sophisticated, tolerant, and highly advanced

Question 45

What was the Delian League?

Answer 45

An alliance of Greek city-states that paid taxes to join

Question 46

Who was the head of the Delian League?

Answer 46

Athens

Question 47

What was the outcome of the Persian War?

Answer 47

Persia was defeated

Question 48

What was the purpose of Pericles' Oration?

Answer 48

To glorify Athens, expand the empire, and strengthen democracy

Question 49

What were the two main alliances involved in the Peloponnesian War?

Answer 49

Delian League (Athens/allies) and Peloponnesian League (Sparta/allies) ## Footnote The Delian League was primarily a naval alliance led by Athens, while the Peloponnesian League was a land-based alliance led by Sparta.

Question 50

What was the primary military strength of Athens in the Peloponnesian War?

Answer 50

Navy ## Footnote Athens relied heavily on its naval power to exert influence and conduct warfare.

Question 51

What was the primary military strength of Sparta in the Peloponnesian War?

Answer 51

Army ## Footnote Sparta was known for its strong land army and military discipline.

Question 52

How long did the Peloponnesian War last?

Answer 52

About 30 years with a 6-year truce in between ## Footnote The war was marked by significant conflicts and a temporary cessation of hostilities.

Question 53

What significant event occurred in Athens during the Peloponnesian War?

Answer 53

Pericles dies ## Footnote Pericles was a prominent leader of Athens, and his death marked a turning point in the war.

Question 54

Which external power aided Sparta in defeating Athens?

Answer 54

Persia ## Footnote Persia provided financial support and resources that contributed to Sparta's victory.

Question 55

What was the outcome for Athens after the Peloponnesian War?

Answer 55

Defeated by Sparta ## Footnote The defeat led to significant changes in the balance of power in Greece.

Question 56

What was the impact of the Peloponnesian War on the power of Athens and Sparta?

Answer 56

Both Athens and Sparta's power declined greatly ## Footnote The war resulted in a weakening of both city-states, leading to instability in the region.

Question 57

True or False: The Peloponnesian War was primarily fought on land.

Answer 57

False ## Footnote The war involved significant naval battles, especially by Athens.