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Y2 Endocrinology Anat > Anay > Flashcards

Anay Flashcards

1
Q

Chromophils vs chromophobes in AP

A

Chromophils have darker cytoplasm, about to secrete hormones or secreting

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2
Q

What sinus is located below pituitary fossa and its role

A

Sphenoid sinus, proximity of pit gland to sphenoid sinus allows for transphenoidal sirgery

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3
Q

What cell bodies are found in the SO and PV nuclei

A

Magnocellular neurons- which synthesise PP hormones

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4
Q

Are the hormones in Magnocellular neurones bound or unbound

A

Bond to glycoproteins

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5
Q

What are herring bodies in PP

A

Ends of the axons that release hormones

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6
Q

What are pituicytes

A

supporting cells in the posterior pituiraty

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7
Q

What artery is the superior hypophyseal artery branch of

A

Internal Carotid Artery

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8
Q

What are the superior and inferior thyroid artery branches of

A

External carotid and thyrocervical trunk( branch of subclavian) respectively

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9
Q

What do the superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins drain to

A

S and M to internal jugular, I to brachicephalic veins

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10
Q

Where do the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves come from and where do they supply

A

Vagus nerve, suppy thyroid

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11
Q

Which nerve is vulnerable to damage during throat surgery and what does it innervate and what are the risks

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve, innervates all but one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, including the cricoarytenoid- hoarseness of voice and possible difficulty breathing

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12
Q

Where is the Parathyroid glands found and what is its function

A

Found on the posterior aspect of the thyroid glands, secretes PTH to regulate calcium and phosphate levels

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13
Q

What do chief/principle cells do

A

Secrete PTH

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14
Q

What cells secrete somatostatin

A

Deta cells in pancreatic islets

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15
Q

Is pancreas retro or extraperitoneal or intra

A

Extra/retro

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16
Q

Vertebral level of Celiac trunk, SMA, Renal arteries, gonadal arteries and IMA

A

T12, L1,L1, L2, L3

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17
Q

Which artery gives rise to splenic artery

A

Coeliac trunl

18
Q

What artery does pancreas receive blood from

A

Coeliac trunk and SMA

19
Q

drainage of pancreas

A

Splenic and smv

20
Q

Where do the left and right renal veins drain into

A

both drain into IVC

21
Q

What is the cause of nutcracker syndrome

A

Compression of left renal vein between SMA and aorta- presents as haematuria due to renal venous hypertension resulting in rupture of the thin walled veins in the collecting ducts

22
Q

Difference between left and right adrenal veins

A

RIght has a single adrenal vein but left has a collection of adrenal veins, right drains into IVC or R renal vein while left drains into L renal vein

23
Q

Drainage of testes

A

Right into IVC, left into L Renal vein

24
Q

Drainage of ovariesn

A

Same as testes but variable

25
Q

Where does the blood supply of the uterus come from

A

From internal iliac artery, anastomes with ovaria and vaginal arteries

26
Q

drainage of uterus

A

internal iliac vein

27
Q

Function of placenta in terms of immune system

A

Inhibits NK cells and secretes immunosupressors to protect foetus from maternal immune system

28
Q

what forms the foetal portion of the placenta

A

Chorionic platye and chorionic villi

29
Q

Where is hCG produced from

A

Chorionic villi

30
Q

what forms the maternal part of placenta

A

decidua basalis

31
Q

What role does progesterone in maintenance of pregnancy

A

Acts on myometrium to inhibit uterine contractions

32
Q

When is the luteal placental shift and what does it do

A

Week 8, placenta takes over secretion of progesterone from corpus luteum

33
Q

What else does placenta secrete other than hCG and progesterone

A

Oestradiol to promote uterine blood flow, cervical softening and expression of myometrial oxytocin receptors

34
Q

Where do inputs regarding consciousness get passed to from the Reticular formation

A

Thalamus then hypothalamus

35
Q

What are parts of the limbic system

A

Hypothal, some parts of thal,Cingulate Gyrus, Hippocampus

36
Q

What is the chororion formed by

A

Chorion is an outer layer formed by trophoblasts and an inner layer formed by the somatic mesoderm

37
Q

What can result in uncontrollable rage/ laughing

A

Hypothalamic problems

38
Q

Location of kidneys

A

T12-L3

39
Q

Where does the hilum lie

A

Proximally on transpyloric plane ( btw tubular notch and pubic symphysis)

40
Q

Location of ovaries wrt plevic brim

A

Inferior

41
Q

Where does uterine artery arise from

A

Internal iliac artery

Y2 Endocrinology Anat (1 decks)

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