Anatomy Yoga Flashcards
Osteoblasts
Bone forming cells
brahma
Osteocytes
Bone cells that have matured and are maintaining form
Vishnu
Osteoclasts
Bone cells that break down and dissolve bone
Wolff’s law
Piezoelectric effect
Calcium is laid down in response to stress
Physical stress increases bone density
Piezoelectric effect
Pressure placed on a tissue a slight electrical charge results blocking osteoclasts and allowing the osteoblasts to build up bone tissue
Bones
206 bones in the body
Axial skeleton
Ribcage sternim vertebral column skull mandible cervical thoracic and lumbar spine sacrum coccyx
Upper extremities
Clavicle scapula should joint humerus elbow joint ulna radius wrist carpals metacarpals phalanges of the hand
Lower extremities
Bony pelvis hip joint Femur knee joint patella fibula tibia ankle tarsals meta tarsals phalanges of the foot
Sthira Sukham Asanam
Steady, ease filled, meditation posture
Anatomy and kinesiology
Two essential characteristics of posture are stability and space
Isotonic
Concentric a muscle shortens as it contracts
Eccentric a muscular contraction that lengthens
Isometric
Muscle attempts to contract but no movement occurs
Stretch
The ability of a tissue to lengthen without damage
Contactility
The ability of a tissue to shorten unique to muscle tissue
Elasticity
The ability of a tissue to return to its former shape after it has been stretched
Tensegrity
The ability of a tissue to withstand a pulling force without damage
Plasticity
The ability of a tissue to have its shape molded and altered and will hold its shape unique to connective tissue
Weight bearing
The ability of a tissue to bear a compressive force or weight from above it without damage
Creep
The gradual shape change of a tissue from sustained and applied pressure
Thixotrophy
The ability of a tissue to change from a more rigid gel state to a softer Sol state allowing for more freedom in movement and for greater ability of circulation
Agonist
A muscle of force that can do the action in question.
A mover muscle always shortens when the movement occurs through contracentrically contracting except in the case of outside forces of gravity or assists
Antagonist
A muscle of force that can do the opposite of the action in question
Eccentrically contracting or relaxing and allowing movement in question to occur
Stabilizer
A muscle force that can stop and unwanted action at the fixed attachment of the muscle that is working
Neutralizer
A muscle force that can stop an unwanted action at the fixed attachment of the muscle that is working
Support muscle
A muscle that can hold another part of the body in a stable position while the action is occurring
Synergist
A muscle that works with the action in question
Static stretch
Held on a comfortable but challenging position for a short period of time
Dynamic stretch
A stretch performed by moving through a challenging but comfortable range of motion repeatedly
Passive stretching
Passivusing am outside assistant to help achieve a stretch
Active stretche
Contracting the muscles in opposition to the one that is being stretched
Fibrous joints
Solid teeth skull no joint cavity is present immovable
Cartilaginous
Bones are connected by cartilage
Synchodrosis Costo cartilage of the ribs
Symphysis pubic symphysis and invertebral discs
Synovial
Connected via separation of joint cavity filled with fluid
Ball and socket
Hip and shoulder
Hinge joint
Knee
Saddle joint
Hand and thumb
Pivot joint
C1 c2. Cervical spine
Gliding joint
Facet joints in the spine
Condyloid joint
Articulation did the fingers at the ridge tops
Medial longitudinal Arch
Instep of the foot
Lateral longitudinal arch
Low on lateral side of the foot
Transverse arch
Runs obliquely form one side to the other
Fallen arches
Medial arch collapse.
Can be structural or functional
Plantar fasciitis
Painful inflammation of the fascia on plantar side of the foot
The ankle joint
Talocrural joint
Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Talus meets the fibula and tibia
Anterior talofibular ligament prevents excessive inversion of the foot
Tibialis anterior
Bootstrap muscles that support the medial arch through a stronger resting muscle tone
Has to do with shin splints
Stretch by doing hero diamond or triangle mukha eka pada paschimotanasana
Subtalar tarsal joint
Between talas and calcaneus
Helps with pronation and supination
Metatarsophalangel joints MTP
Located at the heads of the metatarsals and bases of the proximal phalanges
synovial joints
Flexion extention
Abduction and adduction
Extensor digitorum longus
Main contributor to extension of the toes 2-5 at the metatassophanlangel joints and the interphalangealnjoints
When hypertonic it will cause cramping or stiff ness when attempting to plantar flex the foot
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor of the big toe
Lateral compartment muscles
For plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
Fibularis longus
Supports medial arch
Fibularis brevis
More important to strengthen than to stretch
Bootstrap muscles
Superficial compartment muscles
Tendons that cross posterior to the muscles can plantar flex the foot
Gastrocnemius
Calf muscle
Soleus
Medial calf muscle
Deep posterior compartment muscles
Popliteus
Unlocks the knee and is also responsible for actions of medial rotations of the leg at the knee joint
Attached to the lateral meniscus of the knee joint and moves the meniscus posteriorly during knee flexion preventing it from getting caught and impinged between the femoral and tibial condyles
Tibialis posterior
Bootstrap muscles that supports the medial arch
Hyper Tonicity Can cause shin splints on the back
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexes the big toe and planting the big toe
Shin splints
Where there is a pull on the periosteum cause by distress to the tibialis anterior
Knee joint complex
Tibiofemoral joint
Patellofemoral joint
Patellofemoral syndrome
Mail tracking of the patella
Tightness in it band and vastusclateralis
Weakness in the vast is medialis
Ligaments of knee
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament. ACL
Excessive force into hyper extreme ion can tear acl
Posterior cruciate ligament
Patellar ligament extension of the quads
Menisci
Fibrin cartilaginous crescent shaped structure in knee joint
Bursae
Fluid filled sacks
Coxa vara
An angle significantly less than 125 degrees creating a sharper bend on the femoral neck and shaft resulting in a shorter lower extremity
Coxa vaga
An angle that is significantly greater than 125 degrees creating less of a bend between the femoral neck and shaft resulting in a longer extremity
Femoral anteversion
Leads to pigeon toes
Femora retroversion
Excessive turn out
genu valgum
Knocked knees
Nutation
Anterior tilt of the si joint
Counternutation
Posterior tilt of the si joint
Cervical spine
Seven
Small and light
Spinous process is bifid (split)
Accommodate movements of the skull
Thoracic spine
Twelve
Smaller towards the cervical and larger towards lumbar
Lumbar
Five
Large and flat
Ease in flexion and extension not as much in rotation
Sacrum
5 have fused to create one bone
Nerves exit out thenhplds in the side of the sacrum
Coccyx
One small bone 3 fuse vertebrae
Bony thorax
Bones of the chest area
