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MSAP Week 3 > Anatomy Week 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The heart dimensions

A

12x9x6cm

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2
Q

the central compartment of the thoracic cavity… Contains the _____

A

Mediastinum

heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, thoracic duct, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve and lymphondes

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3
Q

Membrane that surrounds the heart and root of the great vessels

A

pericardium

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4
Q

The two layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous: Tough connective tissues, outer layer
Serous: Thin

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5
Q

Two layers of the serous component of pericardium

A 
Parietal: 
Visceral Layer(epicardium): adheres to the hear and forms the most inmate covering
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6
Q

Narrow space between the visceral layer and parietal layer

A

Pericardial cavity, thin film of lubricating filament

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7
Q

The parietal layer continues into the _____ which forms the _____

A

visceral(epicardium) and pericardial cavity

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8
Q

Heart Chamber

A

Right atria connected to right ventricle by the tricuspid valve
Left atria connected to the left ventricle by the bicuspid/mitral value.

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9
Q

extends anteriorly over the great vessel

A

right auricle

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10
Q

Embryological communication between the right and left atria

A

Fossa ovale… closes soon after birth

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11
Q

Seen on the anterior wall of the right atrium

A

pectinate muscle

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12
Q

Prevents blood from flowing back into the RA when the Ventricles contract

A

Tricuspid value

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13
Q

Muscular wall of the ventricles

A

Trabeculae carneae

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14
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Anterior, posterior and spatial, attached to the chord tendineae
the leaflets

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15
Q

Cordae tendineae

A

cord like tendons attach to th papillary muscle of the leaflets of the tricuspids valuve

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16
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Right ventricle pulmonary artery

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17
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

only artery containing deoxygenated blood

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18
Q

Which side has thicker muscles of the heart

A

left side

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19
Q

Direction of electrical current

A

SA node –> AV Node –> Bundle of His –> Right and left bundle branches –> purkinjee fibers

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20
Q

Arterial supply of the heart

A

Coronary arteries(right and left)

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21
Q

Blood flow of the heart

A

RA (Tri valve) RV (Pulmonary Valve) Pulmonary truck - Pulmonary caps, Pulmonary veins, left atrium ( bicuspid valve), left ventricle (aortic valve), Aorta and systemic arteries, Caps, Coronary sinus/inferier VC/Superior VC to RA

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22
Q

Aorta Physiology

A
  1. Ascending Aorta
  2. Aortic Arch
  3. Descending Aorta
  4. Thoracic aorta
  5. Abdominal aorta
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23
Q

2 components of the Digestive system

A

GI tract and associate organs

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24
Q

9 parts of abdomen

A

Right Hyperchondriac Region, Epigastric, Left Hyperchondriac
Right lumbar Region, Umbilical, left lumbar
Right inguinal, Hypogastric region, left inguinal region

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25
Q

Peritoneum 5 folds

A

is a large serous membrane

  1. Greater Momentum
  2. Facilostum ligament
  3. lesser omentum
  4. Messentery
  5. Mesocolon
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26
Q

What type of canal is the esophagus

A

Alimentary

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27
Q

four layers of esophagus

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscluaris Externa
  4. Serous
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28
Q

3 components of Mucosa

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mocoase

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29
Q

What is the function of the mucosa in esophagus

A

Protection, absorption and secretion

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30
Q

Laminar propria in esophagus

A

Loose connective tissues, blood vessels, lymph nodes and mucosal glands and GLAT

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31
Q

Muscularis mucosa in esophagus

A

inner circular and outer longitudenal helps w/ contraction

boundary between mucosa and submucosa

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32
Q

Submucosa in esophagus

A

Irregular tissues larger connective tissues, houses submuncal plexus messier

33
Q

Musculares Externa of esophagus

A 
inner circular(Contracts and compresses) 
and outer longitudinal(contracts and shortens) 
Myenteric plexus of auerbach
34
Q

Serosa vs adventitia

A

Serosa has a serous mebrance a

adventitia is loose connective tissue

35
Q

What is the function of the esophagus

A

transport food to stomach via peristalsis

also secretes Lucas

36
Q

Esophagus 4 layers inner to outter

A

Mucosa
submucosa
Muscularius circular
muscularius longitudinal

37
Q

Esophagus mucosa layer

A

Epithelium- non kertaized strafed squamous
Lamina propria- loose connective tissues
Muscularis Mucoase- smooth muscle sued in peristalsis

38
Q

Esophagus submucosa

A

Dense and irregular

contains the glans and messier plexus

39
Q

Esophagus Musclularius Externa has how many distinct layers

A

3 1/3s started muscle, striated + smooth muscle, smooth muscle
myenteric plexus helps w/ contraction

40
Q

Esophagodastric junction

A

mucosa undergoes an abrupt transition

41
Q

Barretts esophagus

A

damage when the gastric acids degrade lining

42
Q

four main regions of the stomach

A

Cardia—orfice and contains cardiac glands
Fundus—round and superior portion, funds glands
Body—Large central region and contains gastric glands
pylorus–distal

43
Q

What is the function of Rugae

A

helps extend and relax and longitudinal mucosal and submuscal folds

44
Q

what are the four layers of the stomach

A

Mucosa
submucosa
muscular externa
Serosa

45
Q

gastric(fundic) glands

A

short pits lined w/ mucous cells

long gland-branched tubular

46
Q

Which cells are responsible for HCL

A

Parietal cells

47
Q

Which cells produced pepsin

A

pepsinogen from chief cells

48
Q

What type of appearance do chief peptic cells give

A

Basophilic appearance due to increase Rough ER

49
Q

PUD is caused by which bacteria ands its complications

A

H-pylori
Perforation
hemorrhage
obstruction

50
Q

3 regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
jejunum
Ileum

51
Q

What tissues and cellular specilazations increase surface are

A

Plicae circulars
villi
microvilli

52
Q

4 layers of small In

A

Mucosa
Submucuas
Musculares extrena
serosa

53
Q

Mucosa of the Small I

A

Epithelium, lamina propria(GALT), Muscilaris mucosae,

54
Q

Submucosa of the small I

A

Dense connective tissues, messier plexus

55
Q

what district features are contained in the submucosa of small int

A 
plicae circulars(circular folds)
duodenal glands
56
Q

plicae circulars

A

Valves of kerckring

reduce in size and frequency in ileum

57
Q

Villi

A

Finger like and leaflike mucosal projections

58
Q

Microvilli

A

increase luminal surface area and give a striated border under light microscope

59
Q

Duodenum distinct characteristics

A

submucosal glands

60
Q

Jejunum distinct characteristics

A

increased plicate circulars
long villi
increased goblet cells
no submucosal glands

61
Q

Ileum distinct characteristics

A

Aggregated nodules of lymph tissues in the lamina propria also known as Peyers patches

62
Q

enterocytes

A

Small In
helps w/ interstitial absorption
tight junctions

63
Q

Goblet cells

A

unicellular mucous secreting cells in small intestine

64
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

produces pancrine and endocrine hormones in small intestine

Cholecystokinin(CCK) stims gallbladder contraction and relates stored bile

65
Q

Paneth cells

A

Secreates antimicrobial substances in small intestine

66
Q

Large intestine from left to right

A

ileum(SMI) - Cecum/appendix - ileoceal sphincter - ascending colon - right colic flexure - transverse colon - left colic flexure - descending colon - sigmoid colon

67
Q

Taenia coli

A

three thickened bands of outer longitudinal muscular external layer
kinda midline looking

68
Q

Haustrea colic

A

visible sacculation between TCs

bags

69
Q

omental appendices(OA)

A

Small fat projections of serosa

70
Q

Veriform appendix

A

finger like extensions of the cecum

71
Q

Internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter are

A

invoulntary

72
Q

Hirschprung dx

A

Congential condition of enteric nervous system

no ganglion so no peristalsis and leads to obstruction

73
Q

Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

A

right and left hepatic ducts –> common hepatic ducts from liver and cystic duct from gallbladder –> common bile duct –> pancreatic duct from pancreases — SPHINCTER —> duodenum

74
Q

Liver lobes r

A

right left caudate and quadrate

75
Q

Hepatic lobules

A

hexagon and central vein

76
Q

portal lobe

A

triangular exocrine function

77
Q

hepatic acinus

A

oval connecting two central veins

78
Q

Fast acting Na+ channels occur at which phase

A

Phase 0

MSAP Week 3 (2 decks)

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