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MSAP Week 3 > Anatomy Week 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The heart dimensions

A

12x9x6cm

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2
Q

the central compartment of the thoracic cavity… Contains the _____

A

Mediastinum

heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, thoracic duct, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve and lymphondes

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3
Q

Membrane that surrounds the heart and root of the great vessels

A

pericardium

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4
Q

The two layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous: Tough connective tissues, outer layer
Serous: Thin

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5
Q

Two layers of the serous component of pericardium

A 
Parietal: 
Visceral Layer(epicardium): adheres to the hear and forms the most inmate covering
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6
Q

Narrow space between the visceral layer and parietal layer

A

Pericardial cavity, thin film of lubricating filament

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7
Q

The parietal layer continues into the _____ which forms the _____

A

visceral(epicardium) and pericardial cavity

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8
Q

Heart Chamber

A

Right atria connected to right ventricle by the tricuspid valve
Left atria connected to the left ventricle by the bicuspid/mitral value.

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9
Q

extends anteriorly over the great vessel

A

right auricle

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10
Q

Embryological communication between the right and left atria

A

Fossa ovale… closes soon after birth

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11
Q

Seen on the anterior wall of the right atrium

A

pectinate muscle

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12
Q

Prevents blood from flowing back into the RA when the Ventricles contract

A

Tricuspid value

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13
Q

Muscular wall of the ventricles

A

Trabeculae carneae

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14
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Anterior, posterior and spatial, attached to the chord tendineae
the leaflets

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15
Q

Cordae tendineae

A

cord like tendons attach to th papillary muscle of the leaflets of the tricuspids valuve

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16
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Right ventricle pulmonary artery

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17
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

only artery containing deoxygenated blood

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18
Q

Which side has thicker muscles of the heart

A

left side

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19
Q

Direction of electrical current

A

SA node –> AV Node –> Bundle of His –> Right and left bundle branches –> purkinjee fibers

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20
Q

Arterial supply of the heart

A

Coronary arteries(right and left)

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21
Q

Blood flow of the heart

A

RA (Tri valve) RV (Pulmonary Valve) Pulmonary truck - Pulmonary caps, Pulmonary veins, left atrium ( bicuspid valve), left ventricle (aortic valve), Aorta and systemic arteries, Caps, Coronary sinus/inferier VC/Superior VC to RA

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22
Q

Aorta Physiology

A
  1. Ascending Aorta
  2. Aortic Arch
  3. Descending Aorta
  4. Thoracic aorta
  5. Abdominal aorta
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23
Q

2 components of the Digestive system

A

GI tract and associate organs

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24
Q

9 parts of abdomen

A

Right Hyperchondriac Region, Epigastric, Left Hyperchondriac
Right lumbar Region, Umbilical, left lumbar
Right inguinal, Hypogastric region, left inguinal region

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25
Peritoneum 5 folds
is a large serous membrane 1. Greater Momentum 2. Facilostum ligament 3. lesser omentum 4. Messentery 5. Mesocolon
26
What type of canal is the esophagus
Alimentary
27
four layers of esophagus
1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscluaris Externa 4. Serous
28
3 components of Mucosa
Epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mocoase
29
What is the function of the mucosa in esophagus
Protection, absorption and secretion
30
Laminar propria in esophagus
Loose connective tissues, blood vessels, lymph nodes and mucosal glands and GLAT
31
Muscularis mucosa in esophagus
inner circular and outer longitudenal helps w/ contraction | boundary between mucosa and submucosa
32
Submucosa in esophagus
Irregular tissues larger connective tissues, houses submuncal plexus messier
33
Musculares Externa of esophagus
``` inner circular(Contracts and compresses) and outer longitudinal(contracts and shortens) Myenteric plexus of auerbach ```
34
Serosa vs adventitia
Serosa has a serous mebrance a | adventitia is loose connective tissue
35
What is the function of the esophagus
transport food to stomach via peristalsis | also secretes Lucas
36
Esophagus 4 layers inner to outter
Mucosa submucosa Muscularius circular muscularius longitudinal
37
Esophagus mucosa layer
Epithelium- non kertaized strafed squamous Lamina propria- loose connective tissues Muscularis Mucoase- smooth muscle sued in peristalsis
38
Esophagus submucosa
Dense and irregular | contains the glans and messier plexus
39
Esophagus Musclularius Externa has how many distinct layers
3 1/3s started muscle, striated + smooth muscle, smooth muscle myenteric plexus helps w/ contraction
40
Esophagodastric junction
mucosa undergoes an abrupt transition
41
Barretts esophagus
damage when the gastric acids degrade lining
42
four main regions of the stomach
Cardia---orfice and contains cardiac glands Fundus---round and superior portion, funds glands Body---Large central region and contains gastric glands pylorus--distal
43
What is the function of Rugae
helps extend and relax and longitudinal mucosal and submuscal folds
44
what are the four layers of the stomach
Mucosa submucosa muscular externa Serosa
45
gastric(fundic) glands
short pits lined w/ mucous cells | long gland-branched tubular
46
Which cells are responsible for HCL
Parietal cells
47
Which cells produced pepsin
pepsinogen from chief cells
48
What type of appearance do chief peptic cells give
Basophilic appearance due to increase Rough ER
49
PUD is caused by which bacteria ands its complications
H-pylori Perforation hemorrhage obstruction
50
3 regions of the small intestine
Duodenum jejunum Ileum
51
What tissues and cellular specilazations increase surface are
Plicae circulars villi microvilli
52
4 layers of small In
Mucosa Submucuas Musculares extrena serosa
53
Mucosa of the Small I
Epithelium, lamina propria(GALT), Muscilaris mucosae,
54
Submucosa of the small I
Dense connective tissues, messier plexus
55
what district features are contained in the submucosa of small int
``` plicae circulars(circular folds) duodenal glands ```
56
plicae circulars
Valves of kerckring | reduce in size and frequency in ileum
57
Villi
Finger like and leaflike mucosal projections
58
Microvilli
increase luminal surface area and give a striated border under light microscope
59
Duodenum distinct characteristics
submucosal glands
60
Jejunum distinct characteristics
increased plicate circulars long villi increased goblet cells no submucosal glands
61
Ileum distinct characteristics
Aggregated nodules of lymph tissues in the lamina propria also known as Peyers patches
62
enterocytes
Small In helps w/ interstitial absorption tight junctions
63
Goblet cells
unicellular mucous secreting cells in small intestine
64
Enteroendocrine cells
produces pancrine and endocrine hormones in small intestine | Cholecystokinin(CCK) stims gallbladder contraction and relates stored bile
65
Paneth cells
Secreates antimicrobial substances in small intestine
66
Large intestine from left to right
ileum(SMI) - Cecum/appendix - ileoceal sphincter - ascending colon - right colic flexure - transverse colon - left colic flexure - descending colon - sigmoid colon
67
Taenia coli
three thickened bands of outer longitudinal muscular external layer *kinda midline looking*
68
Haustrea colic
visible sacculation between TCs | bags
69
omental appendices(OA)
Small fat projections of serosa
70
Veriform appendix
finger like extensions of the cecum
71
Internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter are
invoulntary
72
Hirschprung dx
Congential condition of enteric nervous system | no ganglion so no peristalsis and leads to obstruction
73
Liver, gallbladder and pancreas
right and left hepatic ducts --> common hepatic ducts from liver and cystic duct from gallbladder --> common bile duct --> pancreatic duct from pancreases --- SPHINCTER ---> duodenum
74
Liver lobes r
right left caudate and quadrate
75
Hepatic lobules
hexagon and central vein
76
portal lobe
triangular exocrine function
77
hepatic acinus
oval connecting two central veins
78
Fast acting Na+ channels occur at which phase
Phase 0

MSAP Week 3 (2 decks)

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