Anatomy - upper limb Flashcards
What are the two joints in the shoulder girdle?
Glenohumoral
Acromioclavicular
What ligaments attach the scapula to the clavicle?
Coracoclavicular
Which muscle is in the shoulder girdle?
Biceps muscle
What pain does tendonitis in the shoulder girdle present with?
Anterior shoulder pain
What are the static stabilizers of the shoulder joint?
The shoulder capsule The labrum (fibrocartilage)
What are the dynamic stabilizers of the the shoulder joint?
The muscles surrounding the shoulder joint
Is the subscapularis muscle on the anterior or posterior side of the shoulder?
Anterior
Is the infraspinatous muscle on the anterior or posterior side of the shoulder?
Posterior
Where do rotator cuff tears normally start?
In supraspnatous (Superior shoulder)
What can cause impingement?
Tendonitis
Cuff tear
Subacromial bursitis
Osteophytes from AC joint
Are the majority of shoulder dislocations anterior or posterior shoulder dislocations?
Anterior shoulder dislocations
about 99%
Where does a Blankart lesion occur?
In the lower part of the labrum
What is a blankart lesion?
An injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder due to anterior shoulder dislocation. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it.
Which nerve is most commonly associated with anterior shoulder dislocations?
Axillary nerve
stretched at quadrangular space
What is the other name for adhesive capsulitis?
Frozen Shoulder
Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What does the musculocutanuous nerve supply in the upper limb?
The anterior compartment of the upper arm
The sensation of the lateral forearm
What is the most powerful muscle of the arm?
Brachialis muscle
Which nerve supplies the triceps muscle?
Radial nerve
What nerve supplies the extension of the upper arm?
Radial nerve
What can happen to wrist if the radial nerve is injured in humeral shaft fractures?
Wrist drop
Which bones make up the elbow?
Radius, ulna, humerous
Which joint is the main hinge joint of the elbow?
Humero-ulnar
What functions/movement does the radio-capitellar joint do?
Supination & Pronation
What is the extensor origin of the elbow?
Lateral Epicondyle
Tennis elbow
What is the flexor origin of the elbow?
Medial Epicondyle
Golfer’s elbow
What risks are associated with a supracondylar fracture?
Risk brachial artery occlusion and median nerve injury (radial and ulnar nerves can also be injured)
Which joints facilitate supination and pronation of the forearm?
Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
What nerve supplies the brachioradialis in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial nerve
Which nerve supplies any extensor in the upper limb?
Radial nerve
What is Dupuytren’s Contracture?
A condition in which there is fixed forward curvature of one or more fingers, caused by the development of a fibrous connection between the finger tendons and the skin of the palm
What is Trigger Finger?
A defect in a tendon causing a finger to jerk or snap straight when the hand is extended.
If the tendon becomes swollen and inflamed it can ‘catch’ in the tunnel it runs through (the tendon sheath). This can make it difficult to move the affected finger or thumb and can result in a clicking sensation.
(stenosing tenosynovitis)
What is stenosing tenosynovitis another name for?
Trigger Finger
What muscle causes flexion of the PIP joint?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
FDS –> Flexor PIPJ
What muscle causes flexion of the DIP joint?
Flexor digitorum profundis
FDP –> Flexor DIPJ
Which tendon causes PIPJ extension?
Central slip entensor tendon
Which tendon causes DIPJ extension?
Lateral slips extendsor tendon (converge)
What is a boutonniere deformity?
Central slip Extensor tendon rupture or attrition (RA)
Tear in central slip
PIP joint in flexion
DIP joint in hyperextension
What is a swan neck deformity?
PIPJ volar plate rupture or attrition (RA), intrinsic muscle tightness
DIP flexion (Bent) PIP in hyperextension
