Anatomy: Upper and Lower Extremity Bones

Question 1

Most ankle sprains are ______

Answer 1

inversion (smallest toe toward ground surface)

Question 2

What are all the anatomical positions?

Answer 2

Question 3

Define the movements from anatomical position (flexion, etc.)

Answer 3

suppination (palms up holding soup)

plantarflexion = standing on tippy toes

Question 4

Define the hand and finger movements

Answer 4

extension of thumb is like hitch hiking

Question 5

Four segments of the upper extremity

Answer 5

pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand

Question 6

What bone has no bone marrow but only spongy & compact bone?

Answer 6

clavicle

Question 7

functions of the clavicle

Answer 7

serves as the rigid bone support for the upper limb to the body trunk

transmits shock from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Question 8

Fractures of the clavicle

Answer 8

often greenstick fracture in younger children

Question 9

what is the most frequently broken bone in the body?

Answer 9

clavicle

Question 10

what type of fracture is this and where is it located?

Answer 10

type I fracture of the left middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 11

What happens with a complete clavicle fracture?

Answer 11

(this is very rare)

*complete fracture may require plating for repair

Question 12

how do you stabilize a greenstick clavicle fracture?

Answer 12

use a splint/sing

Question 13

what is so unique about the clavicle ossification?

Answer 13

it is one of the slowest bones to ossify

Question 14

functions of the scapula

Answer 14

forms shoulder joint; enables free movement of arm

most movements of upper limb involve the scapula

[glenoid cavity is where head of humerus is attached]

Question 15

Fractures of the scapula

Answer 15

(if you fall on your hand, you shouldn’t fracture the scapula)

Question 16

What nerves/vessels are injured based on location of fracture on the humerus?

Answer 16

exam q!!

Question 17

what fracture is this?

Answer 17

fracture of the surgical neck of the R humerus (likely damaging the axillary nerve and circumflex humeral arteries)

Question 18

what fracture is this?

Answer 18

6 y/o mid-humeral fracture

may have damage to radial nerve & deep artery of the arm

Question 19

which bone does the biceps brachii insert on to? which bone in the forearm is “stationary?”

Answer 19

biceps brachii inserts onto the radial tuberosity

ulnar bone is pretty fixed; radial bone rotates around it

Question 20

radial styloid process vs ulnar styloid process

Answer 20

radial extends more distally than the ulnar styloid process

Question 21

Interosseous membrane btwn ulna and radius

Answer 21

Two lightweight bones are stronger than a single bone that would have to be heavier.

Question 22

shows the radius moving while ulna “stationary”

Question 23

Subluxation and Dislocation of the radial head

Answer 23

between 2-3 y/o

likely to occur again if it happens once

Question 24

Fracture of the olecranon

Answer 24

Question 25

what fracture is this and how do you treat?

Answer 25

Question 26

Colle's Fracture (describe it, how does it happen, etc.)

Answer 26

side note: clavicle is the most frequently broken bone of the body

Question 27

What deformity results from Colles' fracture? describe it

Answer 27

Question 28

what fracture is this?

Answer 28

Colle's fracture; usually doesn't involve the joint

Question 29

FYI only

Question 30

Name and locate the carpal bones (proximal row only)

Answer 30

Mnemonic: Some (scaphoid), Lovers (lunate), Try (triquetrum), Positions (pisiform), That (trapezium), They (trapezoid), Can't (capirate), Handle (Hamate) ^^looking at left palm from thumb to pinky (proximal then distal row)

Question 31

Name and locate the carpal bones (distal row only)

Answer 31

Mnemonic: Some (scaphoid), Lovers (lunate), Try (triquetrum), Positions (pisiform), That (trapezium), They (trapezoid), Can't (capirate), Handle (Hamate) ^^looking at left palm from thumb to pinky (proximal then distal row)

Question 32

FYI only

Question 33

what is the most commonly broken carpal bone?

Answer 33

scaphoid bone

Question 34

Scaphoid Fracture (how does it happen)

Answer 34

Question 35

What fracture is this?

Answer 35

scaphoid fracture; blood supply goes to the distal fragment and causes necrotic loss of proximal fragment

Question 36

describe scaphoid fractures (how they happen, facts, etc.)

Answer 36

Question 37

Boxer's fracture

Answer 37

Question 38

Jersey finger

Answer 38

Question 39

Question 40

anatomical position of the hip bone

Answer 40

ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine

Question 41

femur angle of inclination

Answer 41

Question 42

femoral neck fractures are considered "hip" fractures

Question 43

what type of fracture is this?

Answer 43

this is a right femoral neck ("hip") fracture

Question 44

which leg bone is smaller and not part of the knee joint?

Answer 44

fibula

Question 45

displaced patellar fracture

Answer 45

ususally due to landing on knee and cracking patella

Question 46

image of Tx for displaced patellar fracture

Answer 46

Question 47

tibial fractures (cause)

Answer 47

Question 48

tibial plateau fractures

Answer 48

Question 49

fibular/lateral malleolar fractures and bimalleolar fractures

Answer 49

eversion happens less often R image shows bimalleolar fracture

Question 50

what is the last bone to start ossification?

Answer 50

navicular bone (foot - tarsal bone)

Question 51

\_\_\_\_\_\_ are unstable for the ankle joint

Answer 51

high heels

Question 52

medial and lateral malleolar fractures

Answer 52

tibia is the "third" malleolar fracture

Question 53

what fracture is this?

Answer 53

Question 54

Ottawa Ankle Rules

Answer 54

red X should say medial

Question 55

Sprained ankle and ottawa ankle rules

Answer 55

Question 56

what kind of fracture is this?

Answer 56

calcaneal fracture; typically caused by a person landing on their feet following a fall from a height or during a MVA

Question 57

Jone's fracture (where did the name come from)

Answer 57

Question 58

Jones fracture (Cause)

Answer 58

The tendon of fibularis brevis inserts on the head of the 5th metatarsal

Question 59

f/u care for non-displaced scaphoid fractures (weeks)

Answer 59