Anatomy: Upper and Lower Extremity Bones Flashcards
Most ankle sprains are ______
inversion (smallest toe toward ground surface)
What are all the anatomical positions?
Define the movements from anatomical position (flexion, etc.)
suppination (palms up holding soup)
plantarflexion = standing on tippy toes
Define the hand and finger movements
extension of thumb is like hitch hiking
Four segments of the upper extremity
pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, and hand
What bone has no bone marrow but only spongy & compact bone?
clavicle
functions of the clavicle
serves as the rigid bone support for the upper limb to the body trunk
transmits shock from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Fractures of the clavicle
often greenstick fracture in younger children
what is the most frequently broken bone in the body?
clavicle
what type of fracture is this and where is it located?
type I fracture of the left middle 1/3 of clavicle
What happens with a complete clavicle fracture?
(this is very rare)
*complete fracture may require plating for repair
how do you stabilize a greenstick clavicle fracture?
use a splint/sing
what is so unique about the clavicle ossification?
it is one of the slowest bones to ossify
functions of the scapula
forms shoulder joint; enables free movement of arm
most movements of upper limb involve the scapula
[glenoid cavity is where head of humerus is attached]
Fractures of the scapula
(if you fall on your hand, you shouldn’t fracture the scapula)
What nerves/vessels are injured based on location of fracture on the humerus?
exam q!!
what fracture is this?
fracture of the surgical neck of the R humerus (likely damaging the axillary nerve and circumflex humeral arteries)
what fracture is this?
6 y/o mid-humeral fracture
may have damage to radial nerve & deep artery of the arm
which bone does the biceps brachii insert on to? which bone in the forearm is “stationary?”
biceps brachii inserts onto the radial tuberosity
ulnar bone is pretty fixed; radial bone rotates around it
radial styloid process vs ulnar styloid process
radial extends more distally than the ulnar styloid process
Interosseous membrane btwn ulna and radius
Two lightweight bones are stronger than a single bone that would have to be heavier.
shows the radius moving while ulna “stationary”
Subluxation and Dislocation of the radial head
between 2-3 y/o
likely to occur again if it happens once
Fracture of the olecranon
what fracture is this and how do you treat?
Colle’s Fracture (describe it, how does it happen, etc.)
side note: clavicle is the most frequently broken bone of the body
What deformity results from Colles’ fracture? describe it
what fracture is this?
Colle’s fracture; usually doesn’t involve the joint
FYI only
Name and locate the carpal bones (proximal row only)
Mnemonic:
Some (scaphoid), Lovers (lunate), Try (triquetrum), Positions (pisiform), That (trapezium), They (trapezoid), Can’t (capirate), Handle (Hamate)
^^looking at left palm from thumb to pinky (proximal then distal row)
Name and locate the carpal bones (distal row only)
Mnemonic:
Some (scaphoid), Lovers (lunate), Try (triquetrum), Positions (pisiform), That (trapezium), They (trapezoid), Can’t (capirate), Handle (Hamate)
^^looking at left palm from thumb to pinky (proximal then distal row)
FYI only
what is the most commonly broken carpal bone?
scaphoid bone
Scaphoid Fracture (how does it happen)
What fracture is this?
scaphoid fracture; blood supply goes to the distal fragment and causes necrotic loss of proximal fragment
describe scaphoid fractures (how they happen, facts, etc.)
Boxer’s fracture
Jersey finger
anatomical position of the hip bone
ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine
femur angle of inclination
femoral neck fractures are considered “hip” fractures
what type of fracture is this?
this is a right femoral neck (“hip”) fracture
which leg bone is smaller and not part of the knee joint?
fibula
displaced patellar fracture
ususally due to landing on knee and cracking patella
image of Tx for displaced patellar fracture
tibial fractures (cause)
tibial plateau fractures
fibular/lateral malleolar fractures and bimalleolar fractures
eversion happens less often
R image shows bimalleolar fracture
what is the last bone to start ossification?
navicular bone (foot - tarsal bone)
______ are unstable for the ankle joint
high heels
medial and lateral malleolar fractures
tibia is the “third” malleolar fracture
what fracture is this?
Ottawa Ankle Rules
red X should say medial
Sprained ankle and ottawa ankle rules
what kind of fracture is this?
calcaneal fracture; typically caused by a person landing on their feet following a fall from a height or during a MVA
Jone’s fracture (where did the name come from)
Jones fracture (Cause)
The tendon of fibularis brevis inserts on the head of the 5th metatarsal
f/u care for non-displaced scaphoid fractures (weeks)
