Anatomy Unit 9: Integumentary System

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

keeping a stable body temperature

Question 2

levels of organization

Answer 2

atoms—> molecules —> cells —> tissues —> organs —> organ systems —> organism

Question 3

characteristic of living things

Answer 3

homeostasis, organization, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, reproduction

Question 4

tissue

Answer 4

group of connected cells which work together to carry out a specific function

Question 5

purpose and structures

integumentary system

Answer 5

• purpose: protects the body from external environment, help relegate internal processes/homeostasis, sensation, secretion, Vitamin D synthesis
• structures: skin, glands, hair, and receptors

Question 6

What is the primary structure of the integumantry system

Answer 6

skin

largest organ in the body (16% of body weight)

Question 7

What does the skin protect the body from?

Answer 7

wind, UV, water, and water loss

Question 8

merken cells

Answer 8

light touch

Question 9

meissner curpuscle

what kind of feeling does it recieve?

Answer 9

low frequency vibration

Question 10

pacinian corpuscle

what kind of feeling does it recieve

Answer 10

pressure or high frequency vibration

Question 11

thermoreceptors

Answer 11

sense heat or cold

Question 12

nociceptor

Answer 12

sense pain

Question 13

what causes hairs to stand up straight?

what kind of nerves and muscles?

Answer 13

Motor nerves are attached to arrector pili muscles on each hair causing the hair to stand up straight when cold in order to conserve heat

Question 14

2 examples of thermoregulation

Answer 14

1. too hot: sweat glands are activated when body is warm and puts sweat on surface of skin to absorb excess body heat
2. too cold: blood vessels in the dermis constrict to minimize heat loss (shivering)

Question 15

why is UV radiation good for the body?

Answer 15

UV radiation causes the dermis to produce Vitamin D

Question 16

what is viatmin D essential for?

in the body

Answer 16

absorption of calcium and phosphorus which are essential for healthy bones

Question 17

what is the function of epidermis and what does it contain

is it vascular or avascular?

Answer 17

most superficial level; made of living and dead cells, keratinocytes, granules, langerhans cells (macrophages), melalin, and merkel cells

avascular

Question 18

what is the dermis? what does it do?

how much of the skin does it make up?

Answer 18

• middle layer of skin; vascular (contains blood vessels), hair, sweat glands, nerve endings, lymph vessels, and sebaceous glands.
• supplies epidermis with nutrients through its blood supply; much of the body’s water supply is stored within the dermis

makes up 90% of the skin’s thickness

Question 19

what is the hypodermis? what does it do?

Answer 19

• deepest layer before muscle; vascular (contains blood vessels); contains fat, connective tissue, larger blood vessels, and nerves
• binds skin to bone and muscle

Question 20

Stratum Corneum

Answer 20

outermost layer; 10-30 layers of continually shedding (dead) keratinocytes

1st layer of epidermis

Question 21

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 21

only found in thick skin (palms of hands, soles of feet)

2nd layer of epidermis

Question 22

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 22

contain granules; where keratinocytes wait to be moved up into the next level

3rd layer of epidermis

Question 23

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 23

“spiney layer”; thickest layer; produces keratin protein; contains Langerhans cells (macrophages) that attach to antigens and alert the immune system

4th layer of epidermis

Question 24

Stratum Besale

Answer 24

deepest layer; connected to dermis; contains melanin (skin pigment); contains merkel cells (sense light touch)

5th layer of epidermis