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Z Sem 2 Anatomy Unit 4 > Anatomy unit 4 lecture - combined > Flashcards

Anatomy unit 4 lecture - combined Flashcards

1
Q

cardiopulmonary developmental milestones

A

22nd day pericardial cavity forms; the elongates to form truncus arteriosus (aorta); bulbous cordis (pulmonary trunks); ventricle; atrium; sinus venosis; bends on 23rd day; interatrial and interventricular walls form weeks 4-8;

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2
Q

atrial septal defect

A

lead to congestive heart failure; atrial arrythmias; stroke; usually right side heart failure; excess blood flow to R atrium

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3
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

increased blood flow to R ventricle; similar symptomsm as atrial septal defect

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4
Q

defects in Tetralogy of Fallot

A

ventricular septal defect; overriding aorta which straddles the VSD; pulmonary stenosis; R ventricular hypertrophy

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5
Q

superior mediastinum

A

area above heart; above sternal angle and T4-5 intervertebral space (transverse thoracic plane)

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6
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

in front of heart

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7
Q

posterior mediastinum

A

behind heart

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8
Q

middle mediastinum

A

heart and pericardial sac

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9
Q

positional landmarks of heart

A

apex of left ventricle at 5th intercostal space 3.5 inches from midline; base points superior posterior towards right shoulder

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10
Q

layers of pericardium

A

fibrous outer sac; serous pericardium includes parietal and visceral

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11
Q

transverse pericardial sinus

A

posterior wall of pericardial sac; passage between aorta/pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava

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12
Q

oblique pericardial sinus

A

between (pulmonary veins; inferior vena cava) and left atrium; lies posterior to heart

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13
Q

obtuse margin of heart

A

lies next to lung

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14
Q

acute margin of heart

A

lower part of heart; lies on diaphragm

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15
Q

left coronary artery

A

supplies left atrium; ventricle; portions of septum; branches into circumflex and left anterior descending

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16
Q

right coronary artery

A

supplies right atrium; ventricle; SA node; posterior portion of left ventricle

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17
Q

small cardiac vein

A

sits in AV groove

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18
Q

middle cardiac vein

A

parallels right coronary artery

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19
Q

limbus of heart

A

surrounds fossa ovalis

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20
Q

pectinate muscles

A

found in right atrium

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21
Q

tricuspid valve

A

between right atrium and ventricle

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22
Q

prenatal blood flow

A

oxygenated blood through umbillical VEIN; hepatic portal vein first; ductus venosus joins inferior vena cava to right side of heart; free flow through foramen ovale mostly R->L; ductus arteriosus branch off pulmonary arteries for a lot of blook to bypass lungs; aorta to body; branches from internal iliac go back through umbilical arteries to mother

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23
Q

transition from prenatal to postnatal

A

BP falls in inferior vena cava and R atrium; pressure differential b/w atria causes foramen ovale to close; aeration of lungs accompanied by fall in pulmonary vascular resistance

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24
Q

conducting system of heart

A

SA node; AV node; pause; interventricular bundle branches of purkinje cells to bottom of ventricles; papillary muscles contract beginning at apex of heart to empty ventricles

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25
Q

intrinsic rates of conducting system

A

SA node 60-80; AV node 40-50; purkinje fibers 30

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26
Q

sympathetic control of heart

A

directly from T1-4 spinal nerves; indrectly from cervical ganglia to cardiac plexus

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27
Q

parasympathetic controlk of heart

A

vagus nerve

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28
Q

costodiaphragmatic recesses

A

where ribs meet diaphragm

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29
Q

costomedial recesses

A

area behind sternum anterior to heart

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30
Q

order of things running in intercostal space

A

VAN from superior to inferior; in subcostal groove (below rib)

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31
Q

thoracic duct

A

cysterna chyli at L1-2; runs just anterior to vertebral bodies between aorta and azygos vein; terminates left venous angle (union of left jugular and subclavian veins)

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32
Q

right lympatic duct

A

drains only right arm and right thorax; empties into right venous angle

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33
Q

segmental levels of sympathetic chain innervating viscera in mediastinum

A

T5-12

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34
Q

diaphragmatic hiatuses

A

aortic hiatus (aorta; thoracic duct; greater splanchnic nerves; azygos and hemiazygos veins; median arcuate ligament); esphogeal hiatus; lateral arcuate ligaments (quadratus lumborum); medial arcuate ligaments (psoas); Caval opening (inferior vena cava)

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35
Q

costal facets on thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-full facet and a half facet; T2-8 half facets; T9 superior demi facet; T10-12 full facets

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36
Q

tubercle of rib articulates with ____ vertebrae

A

same; transverse process

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37
Q

quiet inspiration and expiration

A

mostly diaphragm and external intercostals

38
Q

forced inspiration

A

first two ribs elevated by contraction of scalenes and SCM; all intercostals; serratus posterior superior; levators costorum; sacrospinalis; diaphragm

39
Q

forced expiration

A

quadratus lumborum; intercostals; serratus posterior inferior; abdominals

40
Q

parent arteries of intercostal arteries

A

aorta and internal thoracic arteries

41
Q

radiate ligament of ribs

A

surrounds head of rib and articulation with vertebral body

42
Q

lateral costotransverse ligaments

A

transverse process to rib

43
Q

superior costotransverse ligaament

A

runs from superior aspect of one rib to transverse process above it

44
Q

intertransverse ligaments

A

transverse process to transverse process

45
Q

rib angle

A

sternal to articular facets

46
Q

xyphoid process articulates with rib ___

A

7

47
Q

kidney location

A

retroperitoneal; T12-L3; anterior to quadratus lumborum; lateral to psoas major

48
Q

spleen location

A

intraperitoneal; left side of superior lateral abdominal quadrant; posterior to ribs 9-11; between stomach and diaphragm

49
Q

renal artery/vein orientation

A

vein anterior to artery; left renal vein goes under superior mesenteric artery; renal arteries direct branches from aorta; renal veins drain into inferior vena cava

50
Q

urine path

A

glomerulus; proximal convoluted tubule; loop of henle; distal convoluted tubule; collecting duct; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter (in hilum)

51
Q

PNS innervation to kidney and spleen

A

vagus

52
Q

SNS to kidney and spleen

A

thoracic splanchnics (kidney primarily least splanchnic)

53
Q

spleen white pulp

A

largest lymphoid organ (secondary); location of lymphocyte maturation and proliferation

54
Q

spleen red pulp

A

prenatally: hematopoietic; postnatally: destroy old RBC; recycle iron; store RBC and platelets

55
Q

scrotal layers; superficial to deep

A

scrotal skin; dartos fascia; external spermatic fascia; cremaster muscle; internal spermatic fascia

56
Q

developmental equivilants

A

clitoris=glans penis (both have curua); scrotum=labia majora; midline raphe=labia minora

57
Q

two ducts that merge to form ejaculatory duct

A

ductus deferens; seminal vesicles

58
Q

sections of broad ligament

A

mesometrium (uterus); mesosalpinx (fallopian tubes); mesovarian (ovaries)

59
Q

round ligament of uterus

A

bilateral; anterior/lateral; connect uterus to inguinal canal

60
Q

uterosacral ligament

A

connects uterus to sacrum; posterior/lateral

61
Q

proper ovarian ligament

A

ovary -> uterus

62
Q

suspensory ligament of ovary

A

contains ovarian artery and vein

63
Q

sections of fallopian tube

A

(ovary); fimbria; infundibulum; ampulla; isthmus; (uterus)

64
Q

PNS nerve supply to genitals

A

pelvic splanchnic; S2-4; synapse on organ walls

65
Q

SNS nerve supply to genitals

A

sacral splanchnic; S1-4 to inferior hypogastric plexus

66
Q

contents of pudendal canal

A

pudental nerve; internal pudendal artery and vein

67
Q

three rectal artery parent branches

A

internal pudendal->inferior rectal; anterior div of internal iliac->middle rectal; inferior mesentaric->superior rectal

68
Q

contents of urogenital triangle

A

SUPERFICIAL: bulbospongiosus; ischiospongiosis. superficial transverse perineal; DEEP: sphincter urethra; deep transverse perineal

69
Q

contents of anal triangle

A

levator ani (puborectalis; pubococcygeus; iliococcygeus); coccygeus; piriformis

70
Q

three branches of pudendal nerve (S2-4)

A

inferior rectal; perineal branches; dorsal nerve to penis/clitoris

71
Q

external intercostal OIAN

A

O: inferior border of rib above; I: Superior surface of rib below; A: Elevate ribs by pulling them closer together; N: intercostal n

72
Q

internal intercostal OIAN

A

O: inferior border of rib above; I: Superior surface of rib below; A: Elevate ribs by pulling them closer together; N: intercostal n

73
Q

innermost intercostal OIAN

A

O: close to the articulation of the rib with transverse process; I: anterior to membranous portion of internal intercostals; A: draw ribs together and if supported from above elevate ribs; N: intercostal n

74
Q

subcostal OIAN

A

O: rib near angle in lower thoracic area; I: 2-3 ribs below on superior border of rib; A: draw ribs together; N: intercostal nn

75
Q

transversus thoracis OIAN

A

O: lower 1/3 body of sternum; I: lower border of ribs 2-6 (direction up and out); A: draw ribs down; N: intercostal T1-8

76
Q

levators costarum OIAN

A

O: TP of C7-T12; I: outer surface of rib below between tubercle and angle (down and out); A: raise ribs; N: posterior rami of thoracic spinal nerve

77
Q

Serratus posterior superior OIAN

A

O: ligamentum nuche and SP C7-T3; I: upper borders and external surfaces of ribs 2-5; A: elevate ribs for inspiration: N: intercostal T1-4

78
Q

serratus posterior inferior OIAN

A

O: SP T11-L3; I: inferolateral ribs T9-12; A: uncertain; N: anterior rami spinal nerve T9-12

79
Q

diaphragm OIAN

A

O: dorsum of xyphoid process; lower ribs; lumbocostal arches above bodies of L1-2; I: central tendon; A: draw central tendon down increasing thoracic volume; N: phrenic C3-5

80
Q

anterior scalene OIAN

A

O: TP of C3-6; I: 1st rib; A: elevate 1st rib; flex and lateral bend lower cervical spine; N: C4-6

81
Q

middle scalene OIAN

A

O: TP of C2-7; I: 1st rib; A: laterally bend c-spine and elevate rib; N: C3-8

82
Q

posterior scalene OIAN

A

O: TP 5-7; I: 2nd rib; A: laterally flex lower cervical spine and elevate 2nd rib; N: C6-8

83
Q

sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

C1-2 and CN 12 (spinally accessory)

84
Q

quadratus lumborum OIAN

A

O: iliac creast; iliolumbar ligament; I: Inferior border rib 12 and TP L1-4; A: extend and laterally flex lumbar spine; depress last rib; fix last two ribs during respiration; N: anterior rami T12-L4

85
Q

puborectalis OIAN

A

most medial levator ani muscle; pudendal nerve S2-3

86
Q

pubococcygeus OIAN

A

O: dorsal surface of pubis; I: forms sling around anus; inserts into sacrococcygeal ligament A: maintain normal function of external anal sphincter; N: pudendal S-2

87
Q

iliococcygeus OIAN

A

outer levator ani O: tendinous arch of true pelvic rim (ATLA); I: coccyx and anococcygeal raphe

88
Q

coccygeus OIAN

A

tail wagging muscle O: apex of ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament; I: margin of coccyx and lowest part of sacrum; A: draws coccyx forward; N: sacral spinal nerves S3-4

89
Q

piriformis OIAN

A

O: surface of sacrum; pelvic sacral foramina: I: superior border of greater trochanter; I: L5-S2 nerve to piriformis

90
Q

obturator internus OIAN

A

innervation nerve to obturator internus L5-S1

91
Q

cremaster OIAN

A

O: inguinal ligament; pubic tubercle and pubic crest; I: loop: A: pulls testes up; N: genital branch of genitofemoral L1-2

Z Sem 2 Anatomy Unit 4 (1 decks)

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