ANATOMY UNIT (1) LAB 1 Flashcards
What are the two main body cavities?
Dorsal and Ventral
What organs are located in the dorsal cavity?
Brain and spinal cord.
Describe the cranial cavity.
the upper part of the skull protects t and contains the brain.
What does the vertebral (spinal) cavity contain?
The spinal cord, protected by the spine.
What is the ventral cavity and what does it contain?
It contains the viscera (internal organs) and is divided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
How is the ventral cavity divided?
It is divided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm muscle.
Describe the thoracic cavity.
It is protected by the ribcage and contains the mediastinum, pleural cavity, and pericardial cavity.
What is the mediastinum and what does it contain?
It is the midline region of the chest and contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and associated membranes.
What is the pleural cavity?
It is the space between the double-layered pleural membranes that surround the lungs.
What is the pericardial cavity?
It is the space between the double-layered pericardial membranes that surround the heart.
What organs are located in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, beginning of the large intestine, urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, uterus in women.
What is a serous membrane?
It is a membrane located within the ventral cavities that has a parietal layer (lining the cavity wall) and a visceral layer (clinging to the organ surface). These layers are separated by a space filled with serous fluid.
Describe the standard anatomical position.
The body is standing erect, facing forward, with feet slightly apart, upper limbs by the sides, and palms facing forward.
Name the systems of the human body and their general function.
Integumentary: Protection and temperature regulation.
Skeletal: Support and blood cell production.
Muscular: Movement and heat production.
Nervous: Response to internal and external changes.
Endocrine: Secretion of hormones.
Lymphatic: Defense against pathogens and fluid return.
Cardiovascular: Transport of nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones.
Respiratory: Gas exchange.
Digestive: Ingestion, food breakdown, absorption, and elimination.
Urinary: Waste removal.
Reproductive: Species multiplication.
What is the coronal plane?
It is a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
