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Tech > Anatomy- Tissues + membranes > Flashcards

Anatomy- Tissues + membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major types of tissues?

A

epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular

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2
Q

What are some physical characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

Covers body with long continuous sheets and lines body cavities and Cells packed closely together with little matrix, pack together like tiles

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3
Q

What are epithelial tissues classified by?

A

Their shape

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4
Q

What are the shapes that epithelial tissues can be made of?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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5
Q

Squamous

A

Thin and flat, like fish scales

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6
Q

Cuboidal

A

cube like, look like dice

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7
Q

Columnar

A

Tall and narrow, look like columns

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8
Q

What are the major functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Functions concerned with – Protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

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9
Q

Simple vs stratified epithelium

A

Simple- one layer of cells( function- transport)
stratified- multiple layers of cells(function-protection)

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10
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer of scalelike cells
Transport (e.g., absorption) is function

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11
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Several layers of closely packed cells
Protection is primary function

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12
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Columnar cells arranged in a single layer
Line stomach and intestines
Contain mucus-producing goblet cells
Specialized for absorption

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13
Q

Stratified transitional epithelium

A

Found in body areas, such as urinary bladder, that stretch
Up to 10 layers of roughly cuboidal-shaped cells that distort to squamous shape when stretched

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14
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Each cell touches basement membrane
Lines the trachea

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15
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Often specialized for secretory activity
Cuboidal cells may be grouped into glands
May secrete into ducts, directly into blood, and on body surface
Examples of secretions include saliva, digestive juice, and hormones
Cuboidal epithelium also forms the urine-producing tubules of the kidney

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16
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Have ducts, or tiny tubes, into which the exocrine secretions are released before reaching body surfaces or cavities. (ex.: mucus, sweat, saliva, and digestive enzymes)

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17
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete hormones, such as insulin. They don’t have ducts, and are therefore ductless glands. Because they are ductless, the hormones are secreted directly into the blood. The blood then carries the hormones to their site of action.

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18
Q

Which of the 4 tissue types is the most abundant?

A

Connective

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19
Q

What are the different types of connective tissue?

A

Loose connective, dense fibrous connective, cartilage, bone, and liquid

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20
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue contains fibers that are loosely arranged around cells

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar—glue that holds organs together
Adipose (fat)—lipid storage is primary function
Reticular- a network of delicately interwoven cells and reticular (fine collagen) fibers. It forms internal framework for lymphatic tissue such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

22
Q

In which of the following is intercellular matrix most abundant?

A

connective tissue

23
Q

Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage are

A

all made of connective tissue

24
Q

Collagen and elastic fibers are found in the intercellular matrix of _____ tissue.

A

connective

25
Q

Damaged skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and nervous tissue are replaced by

A

Scar tissue

26
Q

Which of the following best describes glia?
Basement membrane, Nervous tissue, Dense fibrous connective tissue, or Matrix

A

Nervous tissue

27
Q

Which of the following is most related to mucous membrane? Is also called the skin, Forms the dermis, Is the same as the epidermis, or lines all the body cavities that open to the exterior of the body

A

Lines all the body cavities that open to the exterior of the body

28
Q

Fascia and capsular tissue are most similar to:
tendons and ligaments, fat, bone, or epithelial lining of the alveoli.

A

tendons and ligaments

29
Q

The words visceral and parietal:
are layers of meninges, describe two types of glands, describe pleural and peritoneal membranes, or refer to connective tissue membranes.

A

describe pleural and peritoneal membranes

30
Q

The epithelium is described as being avascular, meaning that it:

A

has no blood supply of its own

31
Q

Endocrine and exocrine glands are _____ tissue

A

epithelial

32
Q

Stratified means:

A

layered

33
Q

Transitional epithelial tissue:

A

is found in organs that need to stretch (e.g., urinary bladder)

34
Q

Stratified and squamous refer to

A

layered and flat

35
Q

Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage are types of _____ tissue.

A

connective

36
Q

Which of the following is considered the control center of the cell?

A

Nucleus

37
Q

This tissue connects ribs to the breastbone (sternum), forms the rigid rings in the windpipe (trachea), and is found at the end of long bones in the joints.

A

hyaline cartilage

38
Q

Fibro-, elastic, and hyaline are:

A

types of cartilage

39
Q

Which word refers to the flattened appearance of fish scales?

A

squamous

40
Q

A ligament is best described as

A

tough band of connective tissue

41
Q

Adipose, dense fibrous, areolar, blood, and osseous are all

A

connective tissue

42
Q

Which of the following is characterized by cells that are arranged like tiles on a floor?

A

squamous epithelium

43
Q

what are tendons?

A

cordlike structures that attach muscles to bones.

44
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

45
Q

what the the 2 types of tissue repair?

A

Two types of tissue repair are regeneration and fibrosis.

46
Q

what is regeneration and where does it occur?

A

Regeneration refers to the replacement of tissue by cells that are identical to the original cells. Regeneration occurs only in tissues whose cells undergo mitosis, such as the skin.

47
Q

what is fibrosis?

A

Fibrosis is the replacement of injured tissue by the formation of fibrous connective tissue, or scar tissue.

48
Q

what are keloids?

A

The injured skin of some persons exhibits excessive fibrosis, leading to the formation of keloids. Keloid scars develop most often on the upper trunk and earlobes and are of concern cosmetically.

49
Q

what is a serous membrane?

A

Serous membranes line the ventral body cavities that are not open to the exterior of the body. Serous membranes secrete a thin, watery, serous fluid. The fluid allows the membranes to slide past one another with little friction.

50
Q

where are the parietal and visceral layers located?

A

The part of the membrane that lines the walls of the cavity (like wallpaper) is the parietal layer, and the part of the membrane that covers the outside of an organ is the visceral layer.

51
Q

What are the 3 serous membranes?

A

The three serous membranes are the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum

52
Q

pleurae:

A

Pleurae are found in the thoracic cavity. The parietal pleurae line the wall of the thoracic cavity, and the visceral pleurae cover each lung. The space between the pleural layers is called the pleural cavity; the membranes are lubricated by pleural fluid. Why is pleurisy so painful? Pleurisy refers to an inflammation of the pleurae and a decrease in serous fluid.
As the inflamed and “dry” pleural membranes slide past one another during breathing movements, the person experiences pain.

Tech (15 decks)

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