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anatomy thorax > anatomy thorax > Flashcards

anatomy thorax Flashcards

1
Q

bilateral action of epaxial muscles

A

extend vertebral column

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2
Q

unilateral action of epaxial muscles

A

lateral flexion of trunk

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3
Q

inspiratory muscles

A

external intercostals
serratus dorsalis cranialis
scalenus
rectus thoracis
diaphragm

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4
Q

expiratory muscles

A

internal intercostals
serratus dorsalis caudalis
transversus thoracis
abdominal muscles

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5
Q

what vessels go through the transverse foramen and alar notch of the atlas

A

vertebral artery and vein

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6
Q

what vessel goes through the lateral vertebral foramen of the atlas

A

1st cervical spinal nerve

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7
Q

what joint makes the “yes” motion

A

atlanto-occipital joint

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8
Q

where in the cervical column can CSF be taken from

A

atlanto-occipital joint

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9
Q

what vessel goes through the cranial vertebral notch of the axis

A

2nd cervical spinal nerve

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10
Q

what vessel goes through the caudal vertebral notch of the axis

A

3rd cervical spinal nerve

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11
Q

what joint makes the “no” motion

A

atlanto-axial joint

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12
Q

what ligament connects the axis to the occipital bone

A

alar ligament

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13
Q

what ligament connects the axis to the basi-occipital bone

A

apical ligament

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14
Q

what ligament connects the axis to the atlas

A

transverse ligament

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15
Q

what type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint

A

uni-axial
pivot

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16
Q

from T1-T10, how do the cranial articular processes face

A

dorsally and craniomedially

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17
Q

from T11-T13, how do the cranial articular processes face

A

medially

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18
Q

from T1-T9, how do the caudal articular processes face

A

ventrally and caudolaterally

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19
Q

from T10-T13, how do the caudal articular processes face

A

laterally

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20
Q

what process projects caudally from the pedicle region from mid-thoracic to L5/L6

A

accessory process

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21
Q

what process projects dorsally from the transverse process of T2-T10, or from the cranial articular process of T11+

A

mammillary process

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22
Q

pelvic inlet dorsal boundary

A

promontory of sacrum

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23
Q

pelvic inlet lateral boundary

A

arcuate line of ilium

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24
Q

pelvic inlet ventral boundary

A

pecten of pubis

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25
Q

pelvic outlet dorsal boundary

A

Cd1

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26
Q

pelvic outlet lateral boundary

A

sacrotuberous ligament

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27
Q

pelvic outlet ventral boundary

A

ischial arch

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28
Q

cranial border of femoral triangle

A

caudal part of sartorius

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29
Q

caudal border of femoral triangle

A

pectineus

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30
Q

proximal border of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament/vascular lacuna

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31
Q

what vertebral column ligament extends over the dorsal edge of thoracic and lumbar spinous processes and continues cranially as the nuchal ligament

A

supraspinous ligaments

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32
Q

what vertebral column ligament is found on the floor of the vertebral canal, from the axis to the sacrum

A

dorsal longitudinal ligament

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33
Q

what vertebral column ligament is found on the ventral aspect of the vertebrae from the midthoracic to sacrum

A

ventral longitudinal ligament

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34
Q

what ligament connects adjacent spinous processes

A

interspinous ligaments

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35
Q

what ligament is found between vertebral arches to cover the epidural interarcuate space

A

yellow ligaments

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36
Q

what ligament is pierced during caudal epidural anesthesia

A

yellow ligament

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37
Q

where does the nuchal ligament extend in the dog

A

C2-T1

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38
Q

where does the nuchal ligament extend in large animals

A

C2-T3

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39
Q

type of joint between articular surfaces of adjacent vertebrae

A

synovial facet joints

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40
Q

what is not present between C1 and C2 that is normally present between other vertebrae

A

intervertebral discs

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41
Q

what type of joint is between cervical vertebrae

A

synovial plane (diarthrotic)

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42
Q

what type of joint is between the intervertebral discs

A

cartilaginous, amphiarthrotic

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43
Q

what type of joint is between ribs and sternum

A

synchondrosis, amphiarthrotic

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44
Q

costal arch is formed by

A

ribs 10-12

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45
Q

which thoracic vertebrae only have complete cranial costal fovea

A

T11-T13

46
Q

iliocostalis system extends from

A

ilium to C7

47
Q

longissimus system extends from

A

ilium to skull

48
Q

transversospinalis system extends from

A

sacrum to skull

49
Q

dorsal border of jugular groove

A

cleidocephalicus

50
Q

ventral border of jugular groove

A

sternocephalicus

51
Q

carotid sheath contains

A

common carotids
vagosympathetic trunk
internal jugular

52
Q

ventral boundaries of cervical visceral space

A

sternocephalicus
sternohyoideus
sternothyroideus

53
Q

dorsal boundaries of cervical visceral space

A

longus capitis - lateral
longus colli - medial

54
Q

innervation type provided by cervical spinal nerves

A

sensory and motor

55
Q

ribs move ___ during inspiration

A

cranially

56
Q

fibers of the external abdominal oblique run

A

ventrocaudal

57
Q

fibers of the internal abdominal oblique run

A

ventrocranial

58
Q

cranial boundary of deep inguinal ring

A

caudal border of internal abdominal oblique

59
Q

medial boundary of deep inguinal ring

A

rectus abdominis

60
Q

laterocaudal boundary of deep inguinal ring

A

inguinal ligament

61
Q

inguinal canal allows passage of:
1. vaginal tunic (M)
2. genitofemoral n
3. external pudendal a and v
4. cremaster m
5. _____

A

vaginal process (F)

62
Q

built in girdle in large animals that helps with the heavy weight support

A

tunica flava abdominis

63
Q

tendon in the LA which supports the weight of the abdomen; a broad reinforced weight

A

prepubic tendon

64
Q

in cattle, the ___ can be accessed via the L paralumbar fossa

A

rumen

65
Q

in horses, the ___ can be accessed via the R paralumbar fossa

A

cecum

66
Q

base of paralumbar fossa

A

tips of lumbar transverse processes

67
Q

cranioventral border of paralumbar fossa

A

last rib

68
Q

caudoventral border of paralumbar fossa

A

ridge of internal abdominal oblique from tuber coxae to last rib

69
Q

most prominent landmark of the paralumbar fossa

A

tuber coxae

70
Q

cranial border of the thorax

A

thoracic inlet; first ribs

71
Q

dorsal border of thorax

A

thoracic vertebrae

72
Q

lateral border of thorax

A

ribs

73
Q

ventral border of thorax

A

sternum

74
Q

caudal border of thorax

A

diaphragm

75
Q

phrenic nerves are formed from ventral branches of

A

C5-C7

76
Q

innervation type provided by phrenic nerves to the diaphragm

A

sensory and somatic motor

77
Q

tracheal rings are connected by ___ ligaments

A

annular

78
Q

internal crest at the bifurcation of the trachea

A

carina

79
Q

how many principal bronchi

A

2

80
Q

how many lobar bronchi

A

6

81
Q

how many lobes does the L lung have

A

2

82
Q

how many lobes does the R lung have

A

4

83
Q

where is cardiac notch located

A

4-5th intercostal space

84
Q

R horse lung lacks a

A

middle lobe

85
Q

ruminants and pigs have an additional bronchus to supply the cr. lobe of the R lung called

A

tracheal bronchus

86
Q

caudal vena cava drains blood from

A

pelvic limbs, pelvic and abd. cavity

87
Q

cranial vena cava drains blood from

A

head and thoracic limbs

88
Q

R azygous vein drains blood from the costal walls into the

A

cranial vena cava

89
Q

horses and dogs have a ___ azygous vein

A

R

90
Q

ruminants have a __ azygous vein

A

L, sometimes R

91
Q

pigs have a ___ azygous vein

A

L or L and R

92
Q

largest lymphatic vessel in the body

A

thoracic duct

93
Q

brain and spinal cord are supplied by

A

vertebral a

94
Q

dorsal branches of spinal n supply

A

epaxial m
dorsal SQ tissues and skin

95
Q

ventral branches of spinal n supply

A

costal wall

96
Q

type of innervation provided by the vagus n

A

sensory and motor

97
Q

middle cervical ganglion is (sympathetic or parasympathetic)

A

sympathetic

98
Q

sympathetic trunk is formed by ____ ganglia

A

paravertebral sympathetic

99
Q

cervicothoracic ganglion is connected to the middle cervical ganglion by the

A

ansa subclavia

100
Q

where is the heart located in dogs

A

b/w rib 3 and 6th intercostal space

101
Q

where is the heart located in horses

A

b/w 2nd and 6th intercostal space

102
Q

where is the heart located in pigs and bovine

A

b/w 2nd and 5th intercostal space

103
Q

in all species except the dog, the pericardium is attached to the sternum via

A

sternopericardial ligament

104
Q

in the dog the pericardium is attached to the diaphragm via

A

phrenicopericardial ligament

105
Q

outflow tract of the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk; located cranioventrally; interrupts the coronary groove

A

conus arteriosus

106
Q

in carnivores and ruminants, the L coronary artery circles the heart caudally to give rise to

A

subsinuosal interventricular coronary artery

107
Q

in carnivores and ruminants the R coronary artery ___ at the coronary groove

A

terminates

108
Q

in horses and pigs, the L coronary artery ____ at the coronary groove

A

terminates

109
Q

in horses and pigs, the R coronary artery reaches the coronary groove and becomes the

A

subsinuosal interventricular coronary artery

110
Q

arteries are (efferent or afferent)

A

efferent

111
Q

veins are (efferent or afferent)

A

afferent

anatomy thorax (1 decks)

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