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anatomy thorax Flashcards

1
Q

bilateral action of epaxial muscles

A

extend vertebral column

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2
Q

unilateral action of epaxial muscles

A

lateral flexion of trunk

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3
Q

inspiratory muscles

A

external intercostals
serratus dorsalis cranialis
scalenus
rectus thoracis
diaphragm

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4
Q

expiratory muscles

A

internal intercostals
serratus dorsalis caudalis
transversus thoracis
abdominal muscles

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5
Q

what vessels go through the transverse foramen and alar notch of the atlas

A

vertebral artery and vein

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6
Q

what vessel goes through the lateral vertebral foramen of the atlas

A

1st cervical spinal nerve

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7
Q

what joint makes the “yes” motion

A

atlanto-occipital joint

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8
Q

where in the cervical column can CSF be taken from

A

atlanto-occipital joint

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9
Q

what vessel goes through the cranial vertebral notch of the axis

A

2nd cervical spinal nerve

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10
Q

what vessel goes through the caudal vertebral notch of the axis

A

3rd cervical spinal nerve

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11
Q

what joint makes the “no” motion

A

atlanto-axial joint

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12
Q

what ligament connects the axis to the occipital bone

A

alar ligament

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13
Q

what ligament connects the axis to the basi-occipital bone

A

apical ligament

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14
Q

what ligament connects the axis to the atlas

A

transverse ligament

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15
Q

what type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint

A

uni-axial
pivot

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16
Q

from T1-T10, how do the cranial articular processes face

A

dorsally and craniomedially

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17
Q

from T11-T13, how do the cranial articular processes face

A

medially

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18
Q

from T1-T9, how do the caudal articular processes face

A

ventrally and caudolaterally

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19
Q

from T10-T13, how do the caudal articular processes face

A

laterally

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20
Q

what process projects caudally from the pedicle region from mid-thoracic to L5/L6

A

accessory process

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21
Q

what process projects dorsally from the transverse process of T2-T10, or from the cranial articular process of T11+

A

mammillary process

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22
Q

pelvic inlet dorsal boundary

A

promontory of sacrum

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23
Q

pelvic inlet lateral boundary

A

arcuate line of ilium

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24
Q

pelvic inlet ventral boundary

A

pecten of pubis

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25
pelvic outlet dorsal boundary
Cd1
26
pelvic outlet lateral boundary
sacrotuberous ligament
27
pelvic outlet ventral boundary
ischial arch
28
cranial border of femoral triangle
caudal part of sartorius
29
caudal border of femoral triangle
pectineus
30
proximal border of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament/vascular lacuna
31
what vertebral column ligament extends over the dorsal edge of thoracic and lumbar spinous processes and continues cranially as the nuchal ligament
supraspinous ligaments
32
what vertebral column ligament is found on the floor of the vertebral canal, from the axis to the sacrum
dorsal longitudinal ligament
33
what vertebral column ligament is found on the ventral aspect of the vertebrae from the midthoracic to sacrum
ventral longitudinal ligament
34
what ligament connects adjacent spinous processes
interspinous ligaments
35
what ligament is found between vertebral arches to cover the epidural interarcuate space
yellow ligaments
36
what ligament is pierced during caudal epidural anesthesia
yellow ligament
37
where does the nuchal ligament extend in the dog
C2-T1
38
where does the nuchal ligament extend in large animals
C2-T3
39
type of joint between articular surfaces of adjacent vertebrae
synovial facet joints
40
what is not present between C1 and C2 that is normally present between other vertebrae
intervertebral discs
41
what type of joint is between cervical vertebrae
synovial plane (diarthrotic)
42
what type of joint is between the intervertebral discs
cartilaginous, amphiarthrotic
43
what type of joint is between ribs and sternum
synchondrosis, amphiarthrotic
44
costal arch is formed by
ribs 10-12
45
which thoracic vertebrae only have complete cranial costal fovea
T11-T13
46
iliocostalis system extends from
ilium to C7
47
longissimus system extends from
ilium to skull
48
transversospinalis system extends from
sacrum to skull
49
dorsal border of jugular groove
cleidocephalicus
50
ventral border of jugular groove
sternocephalicus
51
carotid sheath contains
common carotids vagosympathetic trunk internal jugular
52
ventral boundaries of cervical visceral space
sternocephalicus sternohyoideus sternothyroideus
53
dorsal boundaries of cervical visceral space
longus capitis - lateral longus colli - medial
54
innervation type provided by cervical spinal nerves
sensory and motor
55
ribs move ___ during inspiration
cranially
56
fibers of the external abdominal oblique run
ventrocaudal
57
fibers of the internal abdominal oblique run
ventrocranial
58
cranial boundary of deep inguinal ring
caudal border of internal abdominal oblique
59
medial boundary of deep inguinal ring
rectus abdominis
60
laterocaudal boundary of deep inguinal ring
inguinal ligament
61
inguinal canal allows passage of: 1. vaginal tunic (M) 2. genitofemoral n 3. external pudendal a and v 4. cremaster m 5. _____
vaginal process (F)
62
built in girdle in large animals that helps with the heavy weight support
tunica flava abdominis
63
tendon in the LA which supports the weight of the abdomen; a broad reinforced weight
prepubic tendon
64
in cattle, the ___ can be accessed via the L paralumbar fossa
rumen
65
in horses, the ___ can be accessed via the R paralumbar fossa
cecum
66
base of paralumbar fossa
tips of lumbar transverse processes
67
cranioventral border of paralumbar fossa
last rib
68
caudoventral border of paralumbar fossa
ridge of internal abdominal oblique from tuber coxae to last rib
69
most prominent landmark of the paralumbar fossa
tuber coxae
70
cranial border of the thorax
thoracic inlet; first ribs
71
dorsal border of thorax
thoracic vertebrae
72
lateral border of thorax
ribs
73
ventral border of thorax
sternum
74
caudal border of thorax
diaphragm
75
phrenic nerves are formed from ventral branches of
C5-C7
76
innervation type provided by phrenic nerves to the diaphragm
sensory and somatic motor
77
tracheal rings are connected by ___ ligaments
annular
78
internal crest at the bifurcation of the trachea
carina
79
how many principal bronchi
2
80
how many lobar bronchi
6
81
how many lobes does the L lung have
2
82
how many lobes does the R lung have
4
83
where is cardiac notch located
4-5th intercostal space
84
R horse lung lacks a
middle lobe
85
ruminants and pigs have an additional bronchus to supply the cr. lobe of the R lung called
tracheal bronchus
86
caudal vena cava drains blood from
pelvic limbs, pelvic and abd. cavity
87
cranial vena cava drains blood from
head and thoracic limbs
88
R azygous vein drains blood from the costal walls into the
cranial vena cava
89
horses and dogs have a ___ azygous vein
R
90
ruminants have a __ azygous vein
L, sometimes R
91
pigs have a ___ azygous vein
L or L and R
92
largest lymphatic vessel in the body
thoracic duct
93
brain and spinal cord are supplied by
vertebral a
94
dorsal branches of spinal n supply
epaxial m dorsal SQ tissues and skin
95
ventral branches of spinal n supply
costal wall
96
type of innervation provided by the vagus n
sensory and motor
97
middle cervical ganglion is (sympathetic or parasympathetic)
sympathetic
98
sympathetic trunk is formed by ____ ganglia
paravertebral sympathetic
99
cervicothoracic ganglion is connected to the middle cervical ganglion by the
ansa subclavia
100
where is the heart located in dogs
b/w rib 3 and 6th intercostal space
101
where is the heart located in horses
b/w 2nd and 6th intercostal space
102
where is the heart located in pigs and bovine
b/w 2nd and 5th intercostal space
103
in all species except the dog, the pericardium is attached to the sternum via
sternopericardial ligament
104
in the dog the pericardium is attached to the diaphragm via
phrenicopericardial ligament
105
outflow tract of the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk; located cranioventrally; interrupts the coronary groove
conus arteriosus
106
in carnivores and ruminants, the L coronary artery circles the heart caudally to give rise to
subsinuosal interventricular coronary artery
107
in carnivores and ruminants the R coronary artery ___ at the coronary groove
terminates
108
in horses and pigs, the L coronary artery ____ at the coronary groove
terminates
109
in horses and pigs, the R coronary artery reaches the coronary groove and becomes the
subsinuosal interventricular coronary artery
110
arteries are (efferent or afferent)
efferent
111
veins are (efferent or afferent)
afferent

anatomy thorax (1 decks)

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