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Head and Neck Anatomy > Anatomy- The THYROID GLAND > Flashcards

Anatomy- The THYROID GLAND Flashcards

1
Q

At level in the Neck is the THYROID Gland Situated?

A

C5 to T1

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2
Q

What are the Main parts of the THYROID gland?

A
  • Right and Left LOBES, connected by the ISTHMUS
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3
Q

Describe the Fascia of the Thyroid?

A

PRETRACHEAL FASCIA

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4
Q

What is the Pretracheal Fascia? What are its 2 parts?

A

Part of the DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA
Composed of PARIETAL and VISCERAL component

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5
Q

What is Contained within the PRETRACHEAL FASCIA?

A

Muscles- Sternothyroid, Omothyroid, Omohyoid
Organs- Thyroid, Trachea, Pharynx and Larynx

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6
Q

What are the RELATIONS of the Thyroid?

A

ANTERIOR- Pretracheal Fascia, Strap Muscles, Sternocleidomastoid Muscles

LATERAL- Carotid Sheath (Common Carotid Artery, Vagus Nerve, Internal Jugular Vein)

POSTERIOR- Larynx,Trachea Pharynx and Oesophagus

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7
Q

Where is the THYROID ISTHMUS located in relation to the Trachea?

A

The Isthmus overlies the 2nd and 3rd Rings of the Trachea

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8
Q

What is the ARTERIAL SUPPLY of the Thyroid?

A

Superior Thyroid Artery
Inferior Thyroid Artery
Thyroid Ima Artery

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9
Q

Where does the SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY come from?

A

External Carotid Artery

(Passes to the Upper pole of the Thyroid)

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10
Q

Where does the INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY come from?

A

Subclavian Artery

(Passes behind the Carotid Sheath to the Back of the Thyroid)

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11
Q

Where does the THYROID IMA ARTERY come from?

A

Aortic Arch or Brachiocephalic Artery

(INCONSISTANT ARTERY)

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12
Q

What is the VENOUS DRAINAGE of the Thyroid?

A

Superior Thyroid Vein
Middle Thyroid Vein
Inferior Thyroid Vein

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13
Q

Where does the Superior Thyroid Vein drain?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

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14
Q

Where does the Middle Thyroid Vein drain?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

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15
Q

Where does the Inferior Thyroid Vein Drain?

A

Brachiocephalic Veins

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16
Q

What important Nerves are closely related to the Thyroid?

A

1) Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

2) External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

17
Q

Where does the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve lie in relation to the Thyroid?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve lies in Tracheoesophgeal Groove between the Trachea and Oesophagus

18
Q

TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL GROOVE

19
Q

What is the Nerve Supply of the THYROID?

A

Sympathetic Nerve

  • Nerves DO NOT control hormone secretion from the Thyroid
20
Q

What is Berry’s Ligament?

A

AKA Suspensory Thyroid Ligament
Attaches the Thyroid to the Trachea posteriorly

21
Q

Berry’s Ligament

22
Q

Relations of the THYROID GLAND

23
Q

Describe the EMBRYOLOGY of the Thyroid Gland

A

The Thyroid develops from the THYROGLOSSAL DUCT at the base of the FETAL TONGUE

THYROGLOSSAL DUCT descends into the Neck

24
Q

THYROGLOASSAL DUCT

25
Q

What is the FORAMEN CAECUM of the Tongue?

A

Groove that marks the boundary between the posterior 1/3 and anterior 2/3 of the Tongue

REMNANT OF THE THYROGLOSSAL DUCT

26
Q

FORAMEN CAECUM- TONGUE

27
Q

What is a LINGUAL THYROID?

A
  • Congenital Condition
  • Ectopic Thyroid Tissue at the Base of the Tongue
  • Results from failure of the Thyroglossal duct to descent into the neck
    -May present with airway obstruction and dysphagia
28
Q

LINGUAL THYROID

29
Q

Describe the HISTOLOGY of the THYROID GLAND?

A
  • THYROID FOLLICLE: Functional Unit of the Thyroid Gland. Thyroid Follicles contain Colloid

-THYROID LOBULES: Thyroid Capsule Extends into the Gland dividing it into lobules

-PARAFOLLICULAR C CELLS: Cells secrete Calcitonin

30
Q

THYROID HISTOLOGY

31
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the THYROID FOLLICLE?

A
  • Store THYROGLOBULIN
32
Q

What is THYROGLOBULIN?

A
  • Glycoprotein
    -Produced by the Follicular cells
  • Pre-cursor for THYROID HORMONES (T3 and T4)
33
Q

What is the ACTION of CALCITONIN?

A
  • Antagonist of PARATHYROID HORMONE
    -REDUCES CALCIUM- Suppresses Oesteoclasts

Head and Neck Anatomy (3 decks)

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