Anatomy: The Stomach and Spleen

Question 1

What is the position of the stomach in the supine position?

Answer 1

In this position it is located in the left upper quadrant, where it occupies parts of the epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondriac regions

Question 2

What type of organ is stomach? Intra peritoneal or retroperitonial

Answer 2

Retroperitonial

Question 3

T/F stomach is not a mobile organ?

Answer 3

False, since stomach is a retroperitonial organ, it is mobile

Question 4

Is the oesophageal and pyloric end of the stock mobile or fixed?

Answer 4

Both of these ends of the stomach are relatively fixed

Question 5

How is the oesophageal end of the stomach fixed into a position?

Answer 5

It is fixed into a position by firmly anchoring itself to the diaphragm above

Question 6

How is the pyloric end of the stomach fixed to its immobile position?

Answer 6

It is tethered to the relatively immobile duodenum

Question 7

How is transpyloric plane created?

Answer 7

The attachment of the pyloric end of the stomach to the early part of the duodenum is the point which defines this plane

Question 8

What is dropped stomach refer to?

Answer 8

Stomach is a relatively mobile organ and it changes it’s position within abdominal cavity depending upon its muscle tone of the wall. When the muscular wall looses its tone, it sags into the abdominal cavity and said to be dropped stomach

Question 9

Name the regions of the stomach?

Answer 9

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum

Question 10

What is the function of the fundus?

Answer 10

It traps air bubble and also contains glands which secrete substances to aid digestion

Question 11

Describe the shape of the stomach and it’s relationship to the diaphragm and the liver?

Answer 11

The stomach has a J shape. Its upper end is under the left dome of the diaphragm and it’s pyloric region tucked under the left lobe of the liver.

Question 12

What is name of the Omentum of the lesser curvature of the stomach and which organ does it attach to?

Answer 12

Lesser Omentum

Liver

Question 13

What is the name of the bend called in the lesser curvature?

Answer 13

Incisura Angularis

Question 14

What is the name of the Omentum created by the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 14

Greater Omentum

Question 15

What is gastroenteritis?

Answer 15

It is inflammation of the gastric epithelium linings.

Question 16

What is the function of gastric pepsin?

Answer 16

To digest protein

Question 17

What is the function of intrinsic factor?

Answer 17

To enable absorption of vitamins B12

Question 18

What causes Primary Perinicious Anaemia? What are the symptoms and the treatment?

Answer 18

Absence of intrinsic factor causes primary pernicious anaemia. Such patients are unable to acquire energy from food (protein and fats).
It is treated by vit B12 supplements injected parenterally as the oral administration would not be effective due to lack of absorptive ability of the stomach for vit B12

Question 19

What is the function of the hormone gastrin?

Answer 19

This hormone stimulates gastric acid secretion

Question 20

In what ways vagus nerve is involved with peristalsis of the stomach and feeling of fullness?

Answer 20

As the food reaches the stomach, it relaxes and then starts peristalsis by vagus nerve reflexes.
Increase tension due to bulk of food in the stomach sends a signal via vagus nerve which gives rise to sense of fullness

Question 21

Name all the layers of the gut wall, beginning from the lumen side.

Answer 21

The mucosa or mucous membrane
The submucosa
Muscularis externa or external muscular layerr
The adventitia and/or serosa

Question 22

Define the two layers between which meissner’s (submucosal) plexus exist and also it’s function?

Answer 22

Submucosal plexus exist between the mucosa and the submucosa layer
It’s function is to control the smooth muscle layer (Muscularis mucosae) and also the submucous glands of the mucosa layer

Question 23

Describe the function of Mysenteric (of Auerbach) plexus

Answer 23

It controls the powerful Muscularis externa muscle which generates the peristalsis movement

Question 24

Name the three sub layers of mucosa and their function?

Answer 24

Gut epithelium- secretion and absorption
Lamina propria- loose connective tissue
Muscularis mucosae- a thin sheath of smooth muscle, whose contraction serve to take up the slack in the mucosa and control it’s local pleating

Question 25

Describe the function of the layer submucosa?

Answer 25

It is a loose connective tissue which allows the mucosa layer to slide around relative to the next layers. It contains lots of blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves

Question 26

What is the difference between adventitia and serosa?

Answer 26

Peritoneal organs are covered in serosa (a layer of visceral peritoneum) whereas retroperitonial organs are covered in aventitia (a loose connective tissue)

Question 27

What type of muscle layer is most prominent in the pyloric sphincter of the stomach?

Answer 27

Circular layer of Muscularis externa

Question 28

How many layers of muscle is stomach made of and what are their names?

Answer 28

3 layers

An inner oblique layer, a middle circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer

Question 29

What is the function of pyloric sphincter?

Answer 29

To control the release of gastric content into the duodenum

Question 30

What is oesophageal sphincter, how is it made and what is its function?

Answer 30

Although it is called a sphincter, in fact it is not a true sphincter. It is created by right crus of the diaphragm which loops over the oesophagus. It’s function is to control the reflux of gastric secretion into the oesophagus.

Question 31

What is the name of the fold of the mucosa layer of the stomach lining?

Answer 31

Rugae

Question 32

What organs are in contact with the stomach anterosuperiorly?

Answer 32

The left diaphragm and the left lobe of the stomach

Question 33

What three organs are in contact with the stomach laterally to the left?

Answer 33

Hilum of the left kidney, left supra renal gland and above that, the spleen