Anatomy: The Stomach and Spleen Flashcards
What is the position of the stomach in the supine position?
In this position it is located in the left upper quadrant, where it occupies parts of the epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondriac regions
What type of organ is stomach? Intra peritoneal or retroperitonial
Retroperitonial
T/F stomach is not a mobile organ?
False, since stomach is a retroperitonial organ, it is mobile
Is the oesophageal and pyloric end of the stock mobile or fixed?
Both of these ends of the stomach are relatively fixed
How is the oesophageal end of the stomach fixed into a position?
It is fixed into a position by firmly anchoring itself to the diaphragm above
How is the pyloric end of the stomach fixed to its immobile position?
It is tethered to the relatively immobile duodenum
How is transpyloric plane created?
The attachment of the pyloric end of the stomach to the early part of the duodenum is the point which defines this plane
What is dropped stomach refer to?
Stomach is a relatively mobile organ and it changes it’s position within abdominal cavity depending upon its muscle tone of the wall. When the muscular wall looses its tone, it sags into the abdominal cavity and said to be dropped stomach
Name the regions of the stomach?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
What is the function of the fundus?
It traps air bubble and also contains glands which secrete substances to aid digestion
Describe the shape of the stomach and it’s relationship to the diaphragm and the liver?
The stomach has a J shape. Its upper end is under the left dome of the diaphragm and it’s pyloric region tucked under the left lobe of the liver.
What is name of the Omentum of the lesser curvature of the stomach and which organ does it attach to?
Lesser Omentum
Liver
What is the name of the bend called in the lesser curvature?
Incisura Angularis
What is the name of the Omentum created by the greater curvature of the stomach?
Greater Omentum
What is gastroenteritis?
It is inflammation of the gastric epithelium linings.
What is the function of gastric pepsin?
To digest protein
What is the function of intrinsic factor?
To enable absorption of vitamins B12
What causes Primary Perinicious Anaemia? What are the symptoms and the treatment?
Absence of intrinsic factor causes primary pernicious anaemia. Such patients are unable to acquire energy from food (protein and fats).
It is treated by vit B12 supplements injected parenterally as the oral administration would not be effective due to lack of absorptive ability of the stomach for vit B12
What is the function of the hormone gastrin?
This hormone stimulates gastric acid secretion
In what ways vagus nerve is involved with peristalsis of the stomach and feeling of fullness?
As the food reaches the stomach, it relaxes and then starts peristalsis by vagus nerve reflexes.
Increase tension due to bulk of food in the stomach sends a signal via vagus nerve which gives rise to sense of fullness
Name all the layers of the gut wall, beginning from the lumen side.
The mucosa or mucous membrane
The submucosa
Muscularis externa or external muscular layerr
The adventitia and/or serosa
Define the two layers between which meissner’s (submucosal) plexus exist and also it’s function?
Submucosal plexus exist between the mucosa and the submucosa layer
It’s function is to control the smooth muscle layer (Muscularis mucosae) and also the submucous glands of the mucosa layer
Describe the function of Mysenteric (of Auerbach) plexus
It controls the powerful Muscularis externa muscle which generates the peristalsis movement
Name the three sub layers of mucosa and their function?
Gut epithelium- secretion and absorption
Lamina propria- loose connective tissue
Muscularis mucosae- a thin sheath of smooth muscle, whose contraction serve to take up the slack in the mucosa and control it’s local pleating
Describe the function of the layer submucosa?
It is a loose connective tissue which allows the mucosa layer to slide around relative to the next layers. It contains lots of blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves
What is the difference between adventitia and serosa?
Peritoneal organs are covered in serosa (a layer of visceral peritoneum) whereas retroperitonial organs are covered in aventitia (a loose connective tissue)
What type of muscle layer is most prominent in the pyloric sphincter of the stomach?
Circular layer of Muscularis externa
How many layers of muscle is stomach made of and what are their names?
3 layers
An inner oblique layer, a middle circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer
What is the function of pyloric sphincter?
To control the release of gastric content into the duodenum
What is oesophageal sphincter, how is it made and what is its function?
Although it is called a sphincter, in fact it is not a true sphincter. It is created by right crus of the diaphragm which loops over the oesophagus. It’s function is to control the reflux of gastric secretion into the oesophagus.
What is the name of the fold of the mucosa layer of the stomach lining?
Rugae
What organs are in contact with the stomach anterosuperiorly?
The left diaphragm and the left lobe of the stomach
What three organs are in contact with the stomach laterally to the left?
Hilum of the left kidney, left supra renal gland and above that, the spleen
