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Anatomy: Block 3 > Anatomy Test (All lectures) > Flashcards

Anatomy Test (All lectures) Flashcards

1
Q

Movements of the cervical spine and head movements

A

Flexion
Extension
Lateral Flexion
Axial Rotation

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2
Q

Upper cervical spine

A

C1 (atlas)

C2(axis)

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3
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint movements

A

Primary: Flexion and extension
Secondary: Lateral flexion (both sides)

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4
Q

Atlanto-axial joint movements

A

Axial rotation (“NO)

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5
Q

3 internal craniocervical ligaments keeping the skull in place with vertebral column

A
  1. Alar ligament
  2. Cruciate ligament
  3. Tectorial membrane
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6
Q

Structures in the “floating” neck

A

hyoid and larynx

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7
Q

Ligaments and membranes connecting trachea, laryngeal cartilages, hyoid, and skull (superior to inferior)

A
  1. stylohyoid ligament
  2. thyrohyoid membrane
  3. cricothyroid ligaments
  4. Cricotracheal ligament
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8
Q

Deepest neck muscles (4)

A 
1. Rectus capitis anterior
2 Rectus capitis lateralis 
3. Longus colli
4. Longus capitis 
5. Anterior scalene
6. Middle scalene
7. Posterior scalene
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9
Q

(3) neck muscles

A 
Suprahyoid mm
1. stylohyoid 
2. Posterior belly of digastric 
3. Anterior belly of digastric 
4. Mylohyoid
5. Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid mm
1. Omohyoid
2. Sternohyoid
3. Sternothyroid
4. Thyrohyoid
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
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10
Q

(4) Neck muscles

A

Platysma

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11
Q

A & N of rectus capitis anterior

A

A: flexion of head at atlanto-occipital joint
N: Branches of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve C1

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12
Q

A&N of rectus capitis lateralis

A

A: lateral flexion of the neck
N: Branches of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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13
Q

A&N of longus colli

A

A: Flexion of neck anteroposteriorly
N: Branches of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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14
Q

A&N of longus lateralis

A

A: Flexes head at atlanto-occipital joint
N: Branches of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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15
Q

A&N of anterior scalene

A

Elevate rib 1; Lateral neck flexion

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16
Q

A&N of middle scalene

A

Elevate rib 1; Lateral neck flexion

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17
Q

A&N of posterior scalene

A

Elevate rib 2; lateral neck flexion

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18
Q

A&N of stylohyoid

A

A: pulls hyoid posterosuperiorly
N: Facial Nerve

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19
Q

A&N of Posterior belly of digastric

A

A: pull hyoid up and back
N: Facial N.

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20
Q

A&N of Anterior belly of digastric

A

A: open mouth by depressing mandible & raise hyoid
N: Nerve to mylohyoid

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21
Q

Mylohyoid A&N

A

A: elevate floor of the mouth and hyoid
N: Nerve to mylohyoid

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22
Q

A&N Geniohyoid

A

A: Mandible fixed-pull hyoid forward
Hyoid fixed- pulls mandible down and back
N: Branch of anterior ramus C1 (carried on CN XII)

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23
Q

A&N Omohyoid

A

A: depress hyoid
N: Ansa cervicalis

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24
Q

A&N sternohyoid

A

A: depress hyoid
N: Ansa cervicalis

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25
Q

A&N sternothyroid

A

A: depress larynx
N: Ansa cervicalis

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26
Q

A&N Thyrohyoid

A

A: Depress hyoid; when fixed it raises larynx
N: Branch from anterior rami of C1 (carried on CNXII)

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27
Q

Trapezius

A

Depress, elevate, adduct scapula

N: Accessory nerve & Rami (C3-C4)

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28
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

N: Accessory N & branches from anterior rami (C2-C3)

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29
Q

Vertebral artery

A

blood to brainstem and posterior circulation to the brain

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30
Q

thyrocervical trunk

A

supply lower and deep neck and thyroid gland

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31
Q

costocervical trunk

A

deep and lateral neck

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32
Q

Carotid body

A

N: CN IX & X
A: blood chemoreceptors

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33
Q

Carotid sinus

A

Baroreceptors

N: CN IX

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34
Q

Internal carotid

A

blood supply to the orbit, upper face, and the anterior circulation to the brain

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35
Q

External carotid

A

blood supply to the face, nasal and oral cavities, upper neck and scalp

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36
Q

Branches of external carotid (superior to inferior)

A
  1. superior thyroid
  2. ascending pharyngeal a
  3. Lingual a
  4. Facial a
  5. Occipital
  6. Posterior auricular a
  7. Maxillary a
  8. Superficial temporal a
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37
Q

Internal jugular vein

A

Drains from:
endocranial space
posterior scalp
superficial face

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38
Q

External jugular vein

A

Drains from:

  1. endocranial space via cavernous sinuses> pterygoid plexus
  2. scalp
  3. superficial and deep face via retromandibular vein
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39
Q

anterior rami of C1-C4 form

A

cervical plexus

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40
Q

Anterior rami of C5-T1 form

A

brachial plexus

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41
Q

Anterior rami of C3-5 form

A

phrenic nerve

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42
Q

Branches of individual anterior rami supply:

A

Deep and lateral muscles in the neck

43
Q

muscular deep branches of cervical plexus supply

A

muscles that move the hyoid bone, mandible, and larynx

44
Q

Eye

A

eyeball + optic nerve

45
Q

Orbit

A

eye + adnexa

46
Q

orbital region

A

orbit + surrounding facial structures

47
Q

Periorbita

A

Periosteum in the oribit

48
Q

Periorbita condenses to form _____

A

common tendinous ring (muscle attachment site)

49
Q

Periorbita is continuous with:

A
  1. periosteum on the external skull
  2. dura mater at communications with the endocranium
  3. orbital septum
50
Q

thickening of the periorbita

A

common tendinous ring

51
Q

Fibrous layer of eye

A

Sclera and cornea

* Blends with the bulbar fascia, providing attachment to extraocular muscles and supporting ligaments

52
Q

Vascular layer of the eye

A

ciliary body (lens accomodation) & iris (pupil dilation/constriction)

53
Q

Inner layer of the eye

A 
Retina
* Rods (light v dark)
*Cones (wavelength)
Macula lutea 
*Fovea centralis
54
Q

Region that offers greatest visual sensitivity

A

Macula lutea

55
Q

location where the optic nerve leaves the retina

A

optic disc

56
Q

Optic nerve branches into….

A

central retinal artery spread out

57
Q

Why don’t we experience a blind spot?

A

Our brains interpolate what should be present in the hypothetical “blind spot” based off of what is around it.

58
Q

What connects the lens to the ciliary body?

A

zonular fibers

59
Q

ciliary muscle is innervated by…

A

PSNS from CNIII via ciliary ganglion

60
Q

what modifies the shape of the lens via PSNS control?

A

ciliary body

61
Q

Lens flattens, you see…..

A

far away

62
Q

Lens rounds off, you see…..

A

close up

63
Q

Changes shape of the pupil to allow more light to reach the retina

A

Smooth muscle in the iris

64
Q

sphincter pupillae

A

under PSNS control constricts the pupillary opening

N: PSNS CNIII via ciliary ganglion

65
Q

dilator pupillae

A

radially oriented and dilates the pupil

N: psns control by superior cervical ganglion

66
Q

Anterior chamber in the eye

A

between iris and the cornea

67
Q

Posterior chamber of eye

A

between iris and the lens

68
Q

Postremal chamber

A

behind lens and occupies 4/5ths the total volume of the eyeball

69
Q

Anterior and posterior chambers contain…

A

aqueous humor

70
Q

Postremal chamber contains…

A

vitreous humor

71
Q

Glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure from aqueous humor.

72
Q

Insertion point for all extrinsic eye muscles

A

fibrous layer of the eyeball

73
Q

Inferior oblique origin

A

maxilla on the medial floor of the orbit

74
Q

Superior oblique origin

A

just outside the tendinous ring

75
Q

Lateral rectus A

A

abducts the eye

76
Q

Medial rectus A

A

adducts the eye

77
Q

Superior oblique and inferior rectus coordinate to…

A

depress the eye

78
Q

Inferior oblique and superior rectus coordinate to….

A

elevate the eye

79
Q

oblique muscles

A

abduct eye

80
Q

rectus muscles

A

adduct eye

81
Q

Superior mm of eye do what?

A

intort

82
Q

inferior muscles of eye do what?

A

extort

83
Q

Name eye mm innervated by Oculomotor n.

A
  1. Inferior oblique
  2. Superior rectus
  3. Medial rectus
84
Q

Name eye mm. innervated by trochlear n.

A
  1. superior oblique
85
Q

Name eye muscles innervated by abducens n.

A

Lateral rectus

86
Q

What is the purpose of the H test?

A

TO examine the functionality of the extra-ocular muscles in terms of the nerves that supply them.

87
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris (A & N)

A

elevate eyelid voluntarily (skeletal m)

N: oculomotor n

88
Q

Complete ptosis of the eye

A

denervation of oculomotor nerve to levator palpebrae superioris

89
Q

partial ptosis of eye

A

denervation of SNS fibers from superior cervical ganglion to Superior tarsal m.

90
Q

Eyelids and anterior surface of the eye are covered in

A

conjunctiva

91
Q

Motor nerves (extraocular mm)

A

oculomotor
trochlear
abducens

92
Q

Special sensory (vision)

A

optic nerve (II)

93
Q

Sensory nerves (postganglionic pathways)

A

opthalmic (V1)

  • frontal
  • lacrimal
  • nasociliary
94
Q

Visceral motor innervation from the oculomotor nerves

A

ciliary ganglion to innervate

  • ciliary muscle
  • sphincter pupillae
95
Q

Trochlear nerve palsy

A

elevated and extorted eye

96
Q

What do pts do that have trochlear nerve palsy?

A

rotate head to opposite side and tilt chin down to compensate

97
Q

abducens palsy

A

Adducted pupil: horizontal diplopia

98
Q

Patients who have abudcens palsy do what?

A

Turn head toward affected side

99
Q

Oculomotor palsy

A

depressed and abducted eye with ptosis with dilated pupil and defective accomodation.

100
Q

Frontal nerve branches into

A

supratrochlear and supra-orbital n

101
Q

Sensory to nasal space, paranasal sinuses, anterior cranial fossa

A

anterior/posterio ethmoidal nn

102
Q

Branches of nasociliary n

A
  • Sensory root of ciliary ganglion
  • Long ciliary nerves
  • Short ciliary nerves (from ciliary ganglion)
  • Anterior/posterior ethmoidal nn
103
Q

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery ______ pass through cavernous sinus

A

DO NOT

Anatomy: Block 3 (2 decks)

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