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Anatomy - Test 3 (Module 5) > Anatomy Test 3 (Modules 5-7) > Flashcards

Anatomy Test 3 (Modules 5-7) Flashcards

1
Q

What’s included in the axial skeleton

A

The spinal cord, rib cage, neck and skull

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2
Q

What parts of the UE attach to the axial skeleton

A

the clavicle and the scapula

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3
Q

What is the joint that attaches the UE to the axial skeleton

A

The SC joint (sternoclavicular joint)

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4
Q

How do you tell the proximal from the distal end of the clavicle?

A

Distal end is flat, proximal end looks like a knob

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5
Q

How to tell the superior from the inferior end of the clavicle

A

Superior end everything is smooth on top. The inferior end is bumpy with grooves and tubercles. Also arch is on left side of superior and arch is on the right side of the inferior

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6
Q

Where does the clavicle and scapula meet (what is the meeting called)

A

The distal end (knob) connects to the acromion process of the scapula to form the acromionclavicular joint (AC joint)

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7
Q

Where does the scapula and Humerus meet? (what is the meeting called)

A

The Glenoid cavity of the scapula meets with the Humerus to form the Glenohumeral joint (GH joint)

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

A

Attachment sites for the rotator cuff muscles

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9
Q

What goes through the suprascapular notch

A

The Suprrascapular artery and nerve

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10
Q

What are the bumps above and below the Glenoid cavity and what is their purpose.

A

The supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercle. Purpose: Biceps and triceps land there.
The long head of the biceps goes up and over supraglenoid and lands on top and the long head of the triceps land under infraglenoid.

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11
Q

Borders of the scapula

A

Superior border: Top of scapula
Medial border: Side closest to spine
Lateral border: Side that forms an angle with humerus.

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12
Q

What forms the inferior angle of the scapula

A

the Medial and lateral borders

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13
Q

What are the junctions of the 3 borders of the scapula

A

Inferior angle - (most pertinent) forms the junction of the medial and lateral borders
Superior angle - forms the junction of the medial and superior borders
Lateral angle - forms the junction of the lateral and superior borders

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14
Q

What are the 2 necks of the humerus

A

The Anatomical neck (right below the head… before the lumps and bumps)
The Surgical neck (below the lumps and bumps)

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15
Q

Surgical necks claim to fame

A

the site of a lot of fractures

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16
Q

Purpose of Greater and lesser tubercle.

A

Attachment sites for the rotator cuffs

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17
Q

What’s located between the greater and lesser tubercle (what is its purpose)

A

the Bicipital groove - the long head of the bicep shoots thru there

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18
Q

Location and purpose of the radial (spiral) groove

A

The posterior side of the humerus.

Purpose: The radial nerve and deep artery go through there.

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19
Q

What are the two bumps on the side of the distal end of the humerus (what is their purpose). What is a known injury to the site

A

The Medial and lateral epicondyle
Purpose: The attachment sites of the long wrist flexors and extensors .
Tennis elbow is an injury to this. Golfers elbow is a medial epicondylitis

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20
Q

What are the contours that allow the forearm to flex and extend to the humerus

A

Radial head attaches to the radial fossa of the humerus. The capitulum articulates with the radius.
A bump off the ulnar bone attaches to the coronoid process of the humerus. The trochlea articulates with the unla

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21
Q

What is the big bump at the posterior distal end of the humerus and its purpose

A

The Olecranon fossa - the olecranon of the ulna articulates with it and allows the elbow to fully extend

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22
Q

Attachments for Pectoralis Major

A

Two attachment sites Clavicular head (medial clavicle) and Sternocostal head (anterior sternum) and lands on the proximal humerus (bicipital groove)

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23
Q

3 muscles that attach near the bicepital groove

A

Pec. major, Latissimus dorsi and Teres major

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24
Q

Nerves that innervate Pec Major

A

Lateral and medial pec nerve

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25
Q

Actions of the Pec Major

A

Adduction, internal rotation (twist in) and has an extension piece to it. (arm behind the back). Also flexes and extends humerus

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26
Q

Pectoralis minor - location and attachment

A

Deep to Pec Major. Attaches to coracoid process and ribs 3-5

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27
Q

Innervation of Pec Minor

A

Medial pec nerve

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28
Q

Action of Pec Minor

A

Anchored to scapula - it stabilizes it, and draws it inferiorly and anteriorly. Can contribute to rounded shoulders

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29
Q

Pec Minor claim to fame

A

Major artery and vein (Axillary) and part of the brachial plexus sneaks under it. So all major extension cords of arm go under it

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30
Q

What is thoracic output syndrome

A

When shoulders get rounded due to pec minor the Axillary artery and vein along with part of the brachial plexus can get pinched.

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31
Q

Subclavius - location

A

Sits right under the clavicle (small muscle)

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32
Q

Innervation of Subclavius

A

Nerve to subclavius

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33
Q

Action of Subclavius

A

Pulls the clavicle down. If fracture clavicle it protects the area due to nerve there.

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34
Q

Serratus Anterior attachments

A

All along the inside medial border of the scapula and ribs 1-8

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35
Q

Innervation of Serratus Anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

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36
Q

Action of Serratus Anterior

A

Huge role in upper extremity function. Anchors the scapular and holds it against the thoracic wall (protraction). Upward rotation (raising arm up)

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37
Q

What happens if you lose function of Serratus Anterior

A

You would only be able to lift your arm up midway

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38
Q

Damage to the Serratus Anterior and long thoracic nerve can cause what condition

A

Winging of the scapula - if the scapula can’t slam against the ribcage (caused by a long thoracic nerve palsy).. scapula can’t rotate upward

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39
Q

Three muscles that help with upward rotation

A

Upper trap, lower trap and serratus anterior

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40
Q

Borders and contents of Deltopectoral triangle

A

Borders: Clavicle, deltoid and pec major
Content: Cephalic vein (returns blood flow from arm)

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41
Q

Role of Cephalic vein in Deltopectoral triangle

A

Its superficial as its coming up the arm but needs to dive back deep to the brachiocephalic and it does that here

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42
Q

Innervation of the Upper, middle and lower trapezius

A

CN-11

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43
Q

Action of the Upper Trap

A

Elevates scapula and upward rotation of the scapula

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44
Q

Action of the Middle Trap

A

Retracts scapula

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45
Q

Action of the Lower Trap

A

Depresses scapula and upward rotation of scapula (with upper trap)

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46
Q

Innervation of Latisimus Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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47
Q

Attachments of the Latisimus Dorsi

A

The thoracodorsal fascia and distally the bicipital groove on humerus

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48
Q

Actions of the Latisimus Dorsi

A

Downward rotation of scapula, arm extension, adduction and inwardly rotate (handcuffs)

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49
Q

Innervation of the Levator Scapulae

A

The dorsal scapula nerve (along with rhomboid)

50
Q

Actions of the Levator Scapulae

A

Ipsilateral flexion and rotation of cervical spine. Scapula elevation and downward rotation

51
Q

Location and Attachments of Levator Scapulae

A

Deep to SCM, Spenius capitus and trap.

Attachments: Cervical vertebrae 1-4 and scapula

52
Q

Actions of the Rhomboids

A

Scapula retraction (with mid-scap)

53
Q

Two muscles that retract the scapula

A

Rhomboids and middle scapula

54
Q

3 regions of the Deltoid

A

Anterior, middle, posterior

55
Q

Attachment and innervations of 3 deltoids

A

Attach: Proximal spine of scapula/clavicle and humerus
Innervation: Axillary nerve

56
Q

Actions of 3 deltoids

A

Anterior: Flexion of the humerus and internal rotation
Middle - Abduction
Posterior -Arm extension and external rotation

57
Q

Attachments of Rhomboids

A

T2-T5 and Medial border of scapula

58
Q

Attachments to Teres Major

A

Scapula and bicepital groove of humerus

59
Q

Innervation of the Teres Major

A

Subscapular nerve

60
Q

Actions of Teres Major

A

Internal rotation, Adduction and a little extention

61
Q

4 muscles of rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatous, Infraspinatous, Teres Minor and Subscapular

62
Q

Overall Action of the 4 shoulder rotators

A

Dynamic stabilization of the shoulder (sucks humeral head into its socket)

63
Q

Only rotator cuff on the front side

A

Subscapular muscle

64
Q

Location and attachment of Supraspinatus

A

On the top of the shoulder, sneaks under the acromium and lands on the Greater tubercle of the humerus (starts at scapula)

65
Q

Innervation and action of Supraspinatous

A

Innervation: Supraspinatus nerve.
Action: Abduction/pulls arm away from trunk)

66
Q

Infraspinatous and Teres location/attachment/Innervation and Action

A

Infraspinatous most of what you see on posterior shoulder, Teres minor under and inferior to Infraspinatous
Attachment - Both scapula and greater tuberosity of humerus
Action - Both external rotation
Innervation - Infraspinatous (suprascapular n.), Teres minor (axillary)

67
Q

3 muscles that land on the Greater tuberosity of the humerus

A

Supra and Infraspinatous and Teres Minor

68
Q

Subscapularis - location, attachment, innervation, action and claim to fame

A

Location - Anterior side of shoulder
Attachement - LESSER tuberosity
Innervation - Lower subscapular n.
Action (claim to fame) - Only muscle that Internally rotates the shoulder

69
Q

Borders and angles of the Upper triangle of shoulder

A

Superior: Teres minor,
Inferior: Teres major,
Lateral Long head of the triceps
Contents: Circumflex scapular artery

70
Q

Borders and contents of the Lower triangle of the shoulder

A

Superior: Teres major
Medial: Long head of the triceps
Lateral - Lateral head of the triceps
Contents - Radial nerve and deep artery of arm

71
Q

Borders and contents of the Quadrangular space

A 
Superior - Teres minor and subscapularis
Inferior - Teres major
Medial - Long head of the triceps
Latheral - Surgical head of the humerus
Contents: Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
72
Q

Borders and use of Triangle of Auscultation

A

Borders: trapezius, latissimus dorsi and medial border of scapula
Function: Breath sounds are heard more clearly here.

73
Q

Pathway of Axillary artery

A

Arises from subclavian artery, begins at the outer border of the 1st rib sneaks under pec minor and ends at the teres major. Becomes the Brachial artery

74
Q

3 sections of the Axillary artery (where each starts and ends)

A

Part 1 - Begins at 1st rib and goes until it sneaks under the pec minor
Part 2 - the part where its under the space under the pec minor
Part 3 - from where it comes out of the pec minor to the teres major

75
Q

Pathway of the Brachial artery

A

Arises from the Axillary artery at the inferior border of the Teres major. Ends when it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow

76
Q

What branches off the Brachial artery

A

The deep artery - which wraps along the back side and takes care of posterior circulation

77
Q

Name the 3 artery anastomoses that supply the back of the scapula

A

1) Dorsal scapular a. - off the subclavian follows median border
2) Suprascapular - off the thyrocervical trunk to the back of the scap
3) Circumflex scapular a. - under the bottom of scapula, comes from the subscapular artery

78
Q

Name the 2 arteries that make up the Shoulder anastomoses

A

The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries (branch off the 3rd part of the axillary a. )

79
Q

Name the 4 arteries that make up the elbox/distal humerus anastomoses

A

1) Radial collaterals (from deep artery)
2) Ulnar collaterals (from brachial artery)
3&4) Radial and Ulnar Recurrent arteries - of radial and ulnar arteries. (U-turn up back to elbow)

80
Q

6 boundaries of the Axilla

A

Medial wall - Thoracic wall (ribs 1-4, intercostals and serratus anterior)
Lateral wall- Humerus (bicipital groove)
Anterior wall - Pectoralis major and minor
Posterior wall - Subscapularis, teres major, lat. dorsi and scapula
Base - Axillary fascia
Apex - Space btwn clavicle, 1st rib and scapula

81
Q

Clinical correlation of the Axilla

A

A spot to palpate and identify enlarged lymph nodes (lymph drainage from breasts drain into nodes located here)

82
Q

Contents of the Axillary sheath (what the contents are called)

A

Neurovascular bundle (contains Axillary vein, artery (and its branches) and Brachial plexus

83
Q

Where the roots of the nerves that make up the brachial plexus come from

A

Spinal nerves C4 - T1 (debated it starts at C5) . It comes out from between the anterior and middle scalenes

84
Q

Major peripheral nerves of the upper limbs

A

Axillary, Musculocutaneous, Radial, Ulnar, and Median

85
Q

5 regions of the brachial plexus

A

1) Roots 2) Trunks 3) Divisions 4) Cords 5) branches

86
Q

3 trunks that come from the roots of the brachial plexus (from which roots)

A

1) Superior trunk - formed by C5 and C6
2) Middle trunk - formed by C7
3) Inferior trunk - formed by C8 and T1

87
Q

Two peripheral nerves that emerge from the Brachial plexus roots (what they plug into)

A

1) Dorsal scapular n. (plugs into levator and rhomboid)

2) Long thoracic n. (plugs into serratus anterior)

88
Q

Two peripheral nerves that emerge from the trunks of the brachial plexus (what they plug into)

A

1) Nerve to subclavious - Subclavian muscle (duh!)

2) Suprascapular n. (plugs in supra and infraspinatus)

89
Q

What trunks of the brachial plexus merge into

A

An anterior and posterior branch from each trunk forms the Anterior and posterior divisions

90
Q

What Divisions of the brachial plexus merge into (name how each is formed)

A

1) Lateral cord - formed from anterior divisions of superior and middle trunk.
2) Medial cord - formed from anterior division of inferior trunk
3) Posterior cord - formed from the posterior divisions of all 3 trunks

91
Q

How are the cords of the brachial plexus are named

A

According to their relationship with the axillary artery

92
Q

Basic name of what the cords of the brachial plexus become

A

Branches

93
Q

3 branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (what they supply)

A

1) Musculocutaneous n. (supplies biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis
2) Lateral pectoral n. - (Supplies pec. major)
3) (with the medial cord) merge to for Median N. (muscles of the forearm and hand)

94
Q

5 branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus (what they supply)

A

1) Medial pectoral n. (supplies pec. major and minor)
2) Medial brachial cutaneous n. (skin of medial arm)
3) Medial antibrachial cutaneous n. (skin of medial arm)
4) Ulnar n. (muscles of forearm and hand)
5) (with the lateral cord) merge to for Median N. (muscles of the forearm and hand)

95
Q

5 branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (what they supply)

A

1) Axillary nerve - (supplies deltoid and teres major)
2) Radial n. - (supplies triceps, anconeous and brachioradialis
3) thoracodorsal n. (supplies Lat. dorsi)
4) Upper subscapular ( supplies portions of subscapularis)
5) Lower subscapular n. (inferior portion of subscap and teres major)

96
Q

Two compartments of arm (muscles in each and what they’re innervated by)

A

Anterior - contains biceps brachii and coracobrachialis (innervated by musculocutaneous n. )
Posterior - Triceps and anconeus (innervated by radial n.)

97
Q

Attachments of Coracobrachialis

A

Coracoid process of scapula and middle 1/3 of medial humerus

98
Q

Innervation and action of Coracobrachialis

A

Innervation - Musculocutaneous (pierces thru muscle)

Action - Flex and adduct arm

99
Q

Attachments of the biceps brachii

A

Proximal (long head) Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (thru bicipital groove) (short head) coracoid process of scapula.
Distal head Radial tuberosity of radius

100
Q

What is the bicipital apnoeuroiss

A

The fascia that extends from the distal biceps tendon and blends with fascia of flexor muscles of forearm (it provides protection for structures in the cubital fossa

101
Q

Innervation and action of biceps brachii

A

Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve

Action - Flexes arm and forearm, supinates forearm

102
Q

What is biceps tendonitis

A

Irritation of the long head tendon as it passes through the bicipital groove

103
Q

Attachments of the Brachialis

A

Distal 1/2 of the anterior surface of humerus and coronoid tuberosity of ulna

104
Q

Innervation and action of Brachialis

A

Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve

Action - Primary flexor of the forearm, flexes forearm in all positions (supinated, neutral and pronated)

105
Q

Attachments of the triceps brachii

A

Proximal
Long head - Infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head - post, humerus (post. to radial groove)
Medial head - post. humerus (inferior to radial groove)
Distal
Olecranon process of ulna

106
Q

Innervation and action of Triceps brachii

A

Innervation: Radial nerve

Action - Primary extensor of the forearm and elbow

107
Q

Attachments of Anconeus

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and Olecranon process of ulna

108
Q

Innervation and action of Anconeus

A

Innervation - Radial nerve

Action - Assists forearm (elbow) extension, stabilizes the elbow joint.

109
Q

Pathway of the Musculocutaneous nerve

A

Begins at inferior border of pec minor. Pierces coracobrachialis. Travels btwn (innervates) biceps brachii and brachialis. After innervation it becomes lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

110
Q

Pathway of radial nerve

A

Pops off posterior cord. Travels posterior to brachial artery and medial to humerus. Descends with deep artery of arm. Goes in radial groove. Travels btwn brachialis and brachioradialis. Goes in front of elbow.

111
Q

Pathway of the median nerve

A

Pops of the meeting of the medial and lateral cord. In the arm it follows the brachial artery (first lateral then medial). Does nothing until it passes the elbow. Goes in front of elbow

112
Q

Pathway of the Ulnar nerve

A

Comes from medial cord. Travels medial to brachial artery and anterior to triceps. Passes posterior to medial epidondyle. Dives behind the elbow.

113
Q

Pathway of the brachial artery

A

Axillary artery becomes brachial at inferior border of teres major. Gives off the ulnar collateral branches that supply the medial elbow. Ends at the cubital fossa where it divides to the radial and ulnar arteries. Deep artery branches off of brachial off and travels posterior to humerus in the radial groove (with radial nerve) and braches to radial collateral arteries that supply the lateral elbow.

114
Q

2 major (and 2 minor) ligaments of the AC joint

A

AC ligament and Coracoclavicular ligaments. The Coracoclavicular ligaments are made up of the trapezoid and conoid ligaments

115
Q

Two ligaments that make up the coracoclavicular ligament

A

Trapezoid ligament - coracoid process to trapezoid line of clavicle
Conoid ligament - Coracoid process to conoid tubercle of clavicle

116
Q

3 kinds of AC joint separations

A

Type 1 - Partial injury to the AC ligament (strain or sprain). coroclavicular ligament is intact.
Type 2 - Disruption to the AC ligamentcoroclavicular ligament is strained. but intact.
Type 3 - Disruption to the AC and coroclavicular ligament. Clavicle is displaced superiorly.

117
Q

Type 1 AC joint separation

A

Partial injury to the AC ligament (strain or sprain). coroclavicular ligament is intact.

118
Q

Type 2 AC joint separation

A

Disruption to the AC ligamentcoroclavicular ligament is strained. but intact

119
Q

Type 3 C joint separation

A

Disruption to the AC and coroclavicular ligament. Clavicle is displaced superiorly.

120
Q

What makes up the Glenohumeral joint

A

The humeral head articulating with the glenoid cavity of the humerus.

121
Q

Coracoracromial ligament

A

Forms part of the coracoacromial arch which also consists of the acromion process. Has ‘subacromial space which the supraspinatus tendon passes thru.

122
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Acts as a ‘bridge’ (quote/unquote) over the bicipital groove that contains the long head of the bicep tendon.

Anatomy - Test 3 (Module 5) (2 decks)

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