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Anatomy quiz 3/22 > Anatomy test 11.1-11.11 > Flashcards

Anatomy test 11.1-11.11 Flashcards

1
Q

crin

A

to secrete

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2
Q

diuret

A

to pass urine

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3
Q

para

A

beside

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4
Q

toc

A

birth

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5
Q

what 2 organ systems function coordinately to enable body parts to communicate with each other and to adjust constantly to changing incoming signals?

A
  1. The nervous system
  2. the endocrine system
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6
Q

true or false: exocrine glands secrete to the outside of the body through tubes or ducts that lead to the surface

A

true

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7
Q

true or false: an example of an exocrine gland is sweat, secreted by sweat glands that reaches the surface of the skin

A

true

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8
Q

endocrine glands and their hormones help regulate metabolic processes, which includes what?

A

they control the rates of certain reactions, aid in the transport of substances across membranes, and help regulate water and electrolyte balance

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9
Q

what is not one of the 3 vital roles that the endocrine system assists in?

A

social maturity

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10
Q

list the 4 of the 8 major endocrine

A
  1. pituatitary gland
  2. thyroid gland
  3. parathyroid gland
  4. adrenal gland
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11
Q

order the 5 steps that occurs when steroid hormone molecule enters a target cell:

A
  1. the lipid soluble steroid hormone diffuses through the cell membrane
  2. the steroid hormone binds a specific protein molecule- the receptor for that hormone
  3. the resulting hormone receptor complex binds within the nucleus to particular regions of the target cells DNA and activates transcription of specific genes into messenger RNA molecules
  4. the mRNA molecules leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm
  5. the mRNA molecules associate with ribosomes to direct the synthesis of specific
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12
Q

how does a hormone molecule deliver its message?

A

to its target cell by uniting with the binding site of its receptor

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13
Q

true or false: the hormone that triggers this cascade of biochemical activity is called a second messenger. The biochemicals in the cell that induce changes in response to the hormone binding are called first messengers.

A

true

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14
Q

prostaglandins usually act more locally than hormones, often affecting only the ______where they are produced

A

organ

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15
Q

hormones are continually excreted in the urine and broken down by various enzymes, primarily in the _____

A

liver

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16
Q

true or false: as hormone levels lower in the blood and the hormone exerts its effects, negative feedback inhibits the system and the hormone secretion decreases

A

false

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17
Q

a diuretic _____ urine production

A

increases

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18
Q

an antidieretic_______ urine formation

A

decreases

19
Q

true or false: the thyroid gland synthesizes thyroxine and triiodothyronine

A

true

20
Q

what does not help regulate the metabolism of T3 and T4?

A

water

21
Q

what is basal metabolic rate

A

is the major facts determining how many calories the body must consume at rest in order to maintain life

22
Q

true or false: the hypothalamus and pituitary gland release thyroid hormones

A

true

23
Q

PTH affects what 3 areas?

A
  1. bones
  2. kidneys
  3. intestine
24
Q

the adrenal glands are closely associated with the

A

kidneys

25
Q

true or false: epinephrine and norepinephrine are the 2 closely related hormones secreted by the cells of the adrenal medulla

A

true

26
Q

list 2 of the 4 things epinephrine and norepinephrine increase

A
  1. heart rate
  2. breathing rate
27
Q

what isn’t one of the three most important adrenal cortical hormones: aldosterone, cortisol, certain sex hormones, thyroxine

A

thyroxine

28
Q

these actions of cortisol help keep ______ concentration within the normal range between meals, because a few hours without food can exhaust the supply of liver glycogen, a major source of glucose

A

blood glucose

29
Q

true or false: the pancreas is an elongated, somewhat flattened bone posterior to the stomach and behind the parietal peritoneum

A

false

30
Q

secrete the hormone glucagon

A

alpha cells

31
Q

secrete the hormone insulin

A

beta cells

32
Q

true or false: low blood glucose concentration stimulates alpha cells to release glucagon. When blood glucose concentration rises, glucagon secretion falls

A

true

33
Q

the main effect of insulin is exactly the ______ that of glucagon

A

opposite

34
Q

what of the following is not 1 of the 3 types of cells that admit glucose: cardiac tissue, adipose tissue, resting skeletal muscle, and bone tissue

A

bone tissue

35
Q

a ___________ system sensitive to blood glucose concentration regulates insulin secretion

A

negative feedback

36
Q

melatonin acts on certain brain regions that function as a “biological clock,” and may thereby help to regulate

A

circadian rhythms

37
Q

thymus plays an important role in _____

A

immunity

38
Q

survival depends on what?

A

the maintenance of homeostasis

39
Q

2 of the 6 types of physical stressors

A
  1. exposure to extreme heat or cold
  2. decreased oxygen concentration
40
Q

2 of the 6 feelings that can also produce physiological stress

A
  1. depression
  2. fear
41
Q

the hypothalamus activates mechanisms that prepare the body for ________

A

fight or flight

42
Q

2 of the 9 things that happen when the fight or flight system kicks in

A
  1. increasing heart rate
  2. increasing breathing rate
43
Q

increased ______ secretion may be accompanied by a decrease in the number of certain white blood cells .

A

cortisol

44
Q

excess cortisol production may raise the risk of developing: high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, lung disease, and gastrointestinal ulcers. which does not belong?

A

lung disease

Anatomy quiz 3/22 (2 decks)

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