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Anatomy, Physiology, & Pathology > Anatomy Terms - Part I > Flashcards

Anatomy Terms - Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Anabolism

A

Metabolic building of simple substances into materials needed by the body

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2
Q

Anatomic position

A

Standard position of the body for anatomic studies or designation: upright, face front, arms at side with palms forward, and feet parallel

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structure

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4
Q

Catabolism

A

Metabolic breakdown of substances into simple components (food digestion or molecular nutrient oxidation)

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5
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of life

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6
Q

Disease

A

Illness; abnormal state in which part or all of the body does not function properly

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7
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Fluid outside of the cell

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8
Q

Homeostasis

A

State of balance within the body; maintenance of body conditions within set limits

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9
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Fluid within a cell

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10
Q

Gradient

A

A difference in specific values between two areas

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11
Q

Metabolism

A

All the physical and chemical processes by which an organism is maintained

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12
Q

Negative feedback

A

A method for keeping body conditions within a normal range and maintaining homeostasis

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13
Q

Organ

A

Body part containing two or more tissues functioning together for specific purposes

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14
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease

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15
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of living organisms

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16
Q

Regulated variable

A

Body condition that is kept homeostatically within a narrow range using negative feedback (blood pressure and body temperature)

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17
Q

Resistance

A

Any or all factors that resist flow down a gradient

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18
Q

System

A

Group of organs functioning together for the same general purposes; any group of related components

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19
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells that performs a specialized function

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20
Q

Acid

A

Substance that can release a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water

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21
Q

Amino acid

A

Building block of protein

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22
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged particle (ion)

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23
Q

Aqueous

A

Pertaining to water; a solution in which water is the solvent

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24
Q

Atom

A

Smallest subunit of a chemical element

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25
Q

Base

A

Substance that can accept a hydrogen ion; substance that releases a hydrogen atom when dissolved in water; an alkali

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26
Q

Buffer

A

Substance that prevents sharp changes in a solution’s pH

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27
Q

Carbohydrate

A
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28
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction

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29
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged particle (ion)

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30
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of the composition and properties of matter

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31
Q

Colloid

A

Mixture in which suspended particles do not dissolve but remain distributed in the solvent because of their small size; colloidal suspension

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32
Q

Compound

A

Substance composed of two or more chemical elements

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33
Q

Denaturation

A

Change in structure of a protein, such as an enzyme, so that it can no longer function

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34
Q

Electrolyte

A

Compound that separates into ions in solution; substance that conducts an electric current in solution

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35
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particle located in an energy level outside an atom’s nucleus

36
Q

Element

A

One of the substances from which all matter is made; substance that cannot be decomposed into a simpler substance

37
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that accelerates a specific chemical reaction

38
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar; main energy source for the cells; dextrose

39
Q

Glycogen

A

Compound build from glucose molecules that is stored for energy in the liver and muscles

40
Q

Ion

A

Atom or molecule with an electrical charge; anion or cation

41
Q

Isotope

A

Form of an element that has the same atomic number as another form of that element but a different atomic weight; isotopes differ in their number of neutrons

42
Q

Lipid

A

Type of organic compound (e.g., fat)

43
Q

Molecule

A

Particle formed by covalent bonding of two or more atoms; smallest subunit of a compound

44
Q

Nucleotide

A

Building block of DNA and RNA; one is also a component of ATP

45
Q

Neutron

A

Noncharged particle in an atom’s nucleus

46
Q

pH

A

Symbol indicating hydrogen ion concentration; lower numbers indicate a higher H+ concentration and higher acidity

47
Q

Protein

A

Organic compound made of amino acids

48
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged particle in an atom’s nucleus

49
Q

Radioactive

A

Pertaining to isotopes that fall apart easily, giving off radiation

50
Q

Salt

A

Compound formed by reaction between an acid and a base

51
Q

Solute

A

Substance that is dissolved in another substance (the solvent)

52
Q

Solution

A

Homogenous mixture of one substance dissolved in another; the components in a mixture are evenly distributed and cannot be distinguished from each other

53
Q

Solvent

A

Substance in which another substance (the solute) is dissolved

54
Q

Steroid

A

Category of lipids that includes the hormones of the sex glands and the adrenal cortex

55
Q

Substrate

A

Substance on which an enzyme works

56
Q

Suspension

A

Heterogeneous mixture that will separate unless shaken

57
Q

Valence

A

Combining power of an atom; number of electrons lost, gained, or shared by atoms of an element in chemical reactions

58
Q

active transport

A
59
Q

cancer

A
60
Q

carcinogen

A
61
Q

chromosome

A
62
Q

cytology

A
63
Q

cytoplasm

A
64
Q

diffusion

A
65
Q

DNA

A
66
Q

endocytosis

A
67
Q

exocytosis

A
68
Q

filtration

A
69
Q

gene

A
70
Q

hemolysis

A
71
Q

hypertonic

A
72
Q

hypotonic

A
73
Q

interphase

A
74
Q

isotonic

A
75
Q

micrometer

A
76
Q

microscope

A
77
Q

mitochondria

A
78
Q

mitosis

A
79
Q

mutation

A
80
Q

nucleus

A
81
Q

organelle

A
82
Q

osmosis

A
83
Q

phagocytosis

A
84
Q

plasma membrane

A
85
Q

ribosome

A
86
Q

RNA

A

Anatomy, Physiology, & Pathology (2 decks)

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