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MS1 Anat Term Block 1 Week 1 > Anatomy Term > Flashcards

Anatomy Term Flashcards

1
Q

Median Plane

A

vertical plane that passes longitudinally through the body

equal L and R halves
mid-sagittal or median sagittal plane

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2
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

vertical planes that pass longitudinally through the body parallel to the median plane

unequal L and R halves
parasagittal plane

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3
Q

Coronal Plane (Frontal)

A

Vertical Planes that pass through the body at right angles to the median plane.

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

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4
Q

Horizontal (transverse) planes

A

pass through the body at R angles to themedian and coronal planes

Divides the body into upper and lower portions
axial/transaxial plane

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5
Q

Superficial

A

structure nearer to the surface

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6
Q

Deep

A

structure farther from the surface

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7
Q

Medial

A

structure nearer to the median plane

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Structures are farther from the median plane

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9
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

nearer to the front

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10
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

nearer to the back

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11
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

nearer to the head

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12
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

nearer to the feet

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13
Q

Proximal

A

structures are nearer to the point of origin or the trunk

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14
Q

Distal

A

structures are farther from the point of origin or the trunk

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15
Q

External (outer)

A

toward or part of the surface

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16
Q

Internal (internal)

A

toward or part of the interior

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17
Q

central

A

near the center

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18
Q

peripheral

A

away from the center

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19
Q

parietal

A

pertains to the wall of the cavity

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20
Q

visceral

A

the covering of an organ

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21
Q

Bilateral

A

structures are paired with one on the right and left

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22
Q

Unilateral

A

one side only, unpaired

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23
Q

ipsilateral

A

structures are on the same side of the body from a point of reference

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24
Q

Contralateral

A

structures are on the opposite side of the body from a point of reference

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25
Q

Flexion

A

bending or decreasing the angle between body parts relative to the starting angle in the antatomical postion

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26
Q

Extension

A

Indicates straightening or increasing the angle between body parts relative to the starting angle in the anatomical position

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27
Q

Adduction

A

moving towards the median plane

Hand: in reference to the middle finger
Foot: in reference to the second toe

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28
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from the median plane

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29
Q

Rotation

A

turning or revolving a part of the body about its longitudinal axis

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30
Q

Medial Rotation

A

Internal

Brings the surface of a limb nearer to the median plane

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31
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

External

Takes anterior surface away from the median plane

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32
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

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33
Q

Supination

A

rotating the hand and forearm about its longitudinal axis so that the palm faces anteriorly
(up)

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34
Q

Pronation

A

rotation of the hand and forearm so the palm faces posteriorly

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35
Q

Eversion

A

moves the sole of the foot away from the midline

raise lateral side

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36
Q

Inversion

A

moves the sole of the foot towards the midline

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37
Q

protrusion (protraction)

A

moves a structure anteriorly

stick out your jaw

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38
Q

retrusion (retraction)

A

moves a structure posteriorly

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39
Q

Axial skeleton consists of

A 
skull 
hyoid bone 
33 vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs 
sternum
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40
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Limb girdles

  • scapula and clavicle
  • articulates with the sternum of the axial skeleton

Coxal (hip) bone - ilium, ischium and pubis
-articulates with the sacrum

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41
Q

Upper limbs

A

brachium (arm)
antebrachium (forearm)
carpus (Wrist)
hand

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42
Q

Lower limbs

A

thigh
crus (leg)
tarsus (ankle)
foot

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43
Q

Long bones

A

tubular
length > width
have a body (shaft/diaphysis) with a marrow cavity and two ends (epiphyses)

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44
Q

Short bones

A

cuboidal

found only in the wrist (carpus) an ankle (tarus)

45
Q

Flat bones

A

squamous bones
two plates of compact bone with spongy bone marrow in between
protect/reinforce structures
skull, ribs, sternum, scapula

46
Q

Irregular bones

A

various shapes

all skull bones that are not flat, vertebrae and hip bones

47
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

develop in tendons
found where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the limbs (patella)
protect tendons from excessive wear and often change the angle of the tendons as they pass their attachments

48
Q

Accessory (supernumerary) bones

A

extra bones that develop from additional ossification centers

many eventually fuse
sometimes they do not fuse, giving the appearance of an extra bone

accessary bones called sutural/wormian bones are commonly seen in skull sutures

49
Q

bone markings

A

appear wherever tendons, ligaments and fascia are attached or where arteries lie adjacent to or enter bones

50
Q

Linear elevations

A

lines/ridges

if prominent=crest

51
Q

condyles

A

rounded articular areas

52
Q

Relatively large elevations are __ ___ or __

A

processes
tuberosities
trochanters

53
Q

smaller elevations are __ __ or __

A

protuberances, tubercles or spines

54
Q

spinous process

A

a projecting spine like part

55
Q

depressed areas are ___ __ __ or __

A

fossae
cavities
antra
fovea

56
Q

elongated furrow or depression

A

groove or sulcus

57
Q

facets

A

small, smooth flat areas of bone
usually where two bones come together

often covered with articular (hyaline) cartilage

58
Q

Foramen

A

a hole or passage through a bone

59
Q

Meatus

A

opening but not an exit

60
Q

Canal

A

is an opening with an entrance and exit

61
Q

most muscles attached to bone via

A

non-contractile tendons

62
Q

Names of muscles are based on

A

shape, size, number of heads/bellies, position, depth,, attachments, actions

63
Q

Origin

A

usually more proximal and tends to be fixed during contraction

64
Q

Insertion

A

usually more distal and moves during contraction

65
Q

Actions

A

not all true actions of the muscle are apparent.

66
Q

Muscle fuction

A

a muscle must cross a joint to produce an action at that joint

if it crosses more that one, its action and ROM at one may be affected by the positions of the others

67
Q

muscle contractions produce movement by

A

pulling (never pushing) the movable attachment (insertion) towards the fixed attachment (origin)

68
Q

Ampulla

A

L

full + vase

69
Q

Annulus

A

L

little ring

70
Q

Antrum

A

L

arch shaped

71
Q

Brevis

A

L

short

72
Q

Caput

A

L

head

73
Q

carpus

A

G

wrist

74
Q

Cauda

A

tail

75
Q

cervix

A

L

neck

76
Q

Collateral

A

L

together + side

77
Q

Coronary

A

L

pertaining to wreath

78
Q

Corpus

A

L

body

79
Q

Crista

A

L

crest

80
Q

Cruciate

A

pertaining to a cross

L

81
Q

Crus

A

L

leg

82
Q

Fornix

A

L

cellar or vault

83
Q

Gastro

A

G

stomach

84
Q

Genu

A

L

knee or bend

85
Q

Hallux

A

L

great toe

86
Q

Helix

A

G

coil

87
Q

Hiatus

A

L

gap

88
Q

Hilum

A

L

attachment of a seed

89
Q

Hypo

A

G

under

90
Q

Longus

A

L

long, longissimus, the longest

91
Q

Magnus

A

L

great

92
Q

Meatus

A

L

passage

93
Q

Papilla

A

L

nipple

94
Q

Para

A

G

beside

95
Q

Peri

A

G

surrounding

96
Q

Petro

A

L

rocky

97
Q

Phren

A

G

diaphragm

98
Q

pollex

A

l

thumb

99
Q

Rectus

A

L

straight

100
Q

Retro

A

L

behind

101
Q

Sulcus

A

groove

L

102
Q

supra

A

L

above

103
Q

Syn

A

G

together

104
Q

Teres

A

L

round, smooth

105
Q

thenar

A

G

palm of the hand

106
Q

trochlea

A

L

pulley

107
Q

Tunica

A

L

covering or coat

108
Q

Vas

A

L

vessel or dish

109
Q

Vermis

A

L

worm

MS1 Anat Term Block 1 Week 1 (1 decks)

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