ANATOMY TERM 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following states that a healthy body must maintain a steady state?
A
homeostasis
2
Q
Which of the following describes the function of an organizational level?
A
physiology
3
Q
Which of the following is the correct order of the organizational level from the most simple to the most complex?
A
atoms, molecules, chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
4
Q
Which of the following relates to the structure of an organizational level?
A
anatomy
5
Q
Which of the following cavities contains the heart and lungs?
A
thoracic
6
Q
As the sonographer, you are asked to perform a liver study. In which cavity would you find the liver?
A
abdominal
7
Q
The abdominal cavity contains all of the following organs EXCEPT:
kidneys
spleen
bladder
stomach
intestines
A
bladder
8
Q
In which cavity would you find the reproductive organs?
A
pelvic
9
Q
Using your critical thinking skills, in which cavity would you find the gallbladder?
A
abdominal
10
Q
If the patient were having difficulties with his central nervous system (brain and spine), which body cavity would need to be imaged by his diagnostic team?
A
dorsal
11
Q
If the patient were having difficulties with his urinary bladder, which body subcavity would need to be imaged by his diagnostic team?
A
ventral pelvic
12
Q
The skin is _____ to muscle tissue.
superficial
deep
medial
lateral
A
superficial
13
Q
The abdominal cavity is ________ to the pelvic cavity.
anterior
inferior
superior
posterior
A
superior
14
Q
The spleen and left kidney are ____________ in the body.
anterior
inferior
contralateral
ipsilateral
A
ipsilateral
15
Q
Your fingers are _____ to your wrist.
medial
lateral
distal
proximal
A
distal
16
Q
Using your critical thinking skills, if you were told that the abdominal aorta begins with a diameter of 2 centimeters (cm) and tapers to a diameter of 1.5 centimeters as it moves away from the heart, what would you say is the location of the area that measures 2 cm?
A
proximal abdominal aorta
17
Q
Which of the following is not a body cavity?
cranial
diaphragm
abdomino-pelvic
thoracic
A
diaphragm
18
Q
Any plane parallel to the median plane
A
sagittal
19
Q
A vertical plane that bisects the body into right and left halves.
A
median
20
Q
Any plane at right angles to both the median and coronal planes.
A
transverse
21
Q
Any vertical plane at right angles to the median plane.
A
coronal
22
Q
If you were scanning a patient’s left lumbar region, which of the following organs would you most likely be scanning?
liver
spleen
right kidney
left kidney
pancreas
A
left kidney
23
Q
Which of the following is the largest organ of the right upper quadrant?
spleen
stomach
gallbladder
right kidney
liver
A
liver
24
Q
When we discuss the importance of the body maintaining a constant internal environment or balance in the human body, which one of the following terms would you use to define a “steady state”?
A
homeostasis
25
Which of the following is the highest level in the organizational chart?
tissue level
organism level
molecular level
organ system level
organism level
26
Cutting the body into unequal right and left halves requires a cut through which body plane?
sagittal
27
Using your critical thinking skills, if your transducer is mid-sagittal on the body with the marker pointing toward the patient's head and you wanted to view a structure that was just to the right or left of mid-sagittal, which term best describes how you would move your transducer?
laterally
28
Which of the following systems regulates hormonal activity?
endocrine system
29
The responsibility of transporting blood and oxygen to all the cells of the body is that of the:
circulatory system
30
Which system is responsible for processing data from all areas of the body?
nervous system
31
The thyroid gland, parathyroid, and adrenal glands are all part of which of the following systems?
endocrine system
32
The esophagus, stomach, and intestines belong to which of the following systems?
digestive system
33
The heart is what type of organ?
muscular
34
The heart is located...
left chest lightly left of sternum (thorax)
35
What type of blood does the lungs provide to the body via the heart?
oxygenated
36
What type of blood does the body provide to the lungs via the heart?
de-oxygenated
37
The purpose of the valves of the heart is to:
allow blood to flow in only one direction
38
Which valve is located between the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle?
Mitral Valve
39
Which valve is located between the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
40
Which valve is located between the Left Ventricle and the Aorta?
Aortic Valve
41
Which valve is located between the Right Ventricle and the Pulmonary Artery?
Pulmonic Valve
42
Where is the pacemaker (sinoatrial node)of the heart located?
Right Atrium
43
Blood pressure is defined as which of the following?
Pressure exerted against the arterial wall by moving blood during systole and diastole
44
The higher of the two pressures is called...
systolic pressure
45
What measures the blood pressure?
sphygmomanometer
46
A blood pressure of 140/90mmHg would be considered...
hypertensive
47
Using your critical thinking skills, which of the following do you think would be better for the patient?
a blood pressure of 220/110mmHg
a blood pressure of 140/90mmHg
a blood pressure of 120/80mmHg
a blood pressure of 120/80mmHg
48
Which correctly describes the purpose of the valves in the heart?
to keep blood moving in one direction
49
What is meant by systole in cardiac function?
ventricles are contracting
50
What keeps the heart beating in a uniform manner?
electrical conduction
51
Which of the following is evidence of the electrical activity of the heart and can be monitored on a screen or graph?
Electrocardiogram
52
Which one of the following moves the blood back toward the heart and contains valves?
veins
53
Which of the following contains blood low in oxygen?
veins
arteries
arterioles
veins
54
Which of the following statements best describes systemic circulation?
blood flow to and from the cells and tissues of the brain only
blood flow to and from the cells and tissues of the heart only
blood flow to and from the cells and tissues of the lungs only
blood flow to and from the cells and tissues of the body, but not including the lungs
blood flow to and from the cells and tissues of the body, but not including the lungs
55
Which of the following statements best describes pulmonary circulation?
blood flow that leaves the left side of the heart via the pulmonary arteries, enters the lungs, replenishes oxygen into the blood and returns blood to the right side of the heart via the pulmonary veins
blood flow that leaves the right side of the heart via the pulmonary arteries, enters the lungs, replenishes oxygen into the blood and returns blood to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary veins
blood flow that leaves the left side of the heart via the aorta, enters the lungs, replenishes carbon dioxide into the blood and returns to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary arteries
blood flow that leaves the right side of the heart via the pulmonary veins, enters the lungs, replenishes oxygen into the blood and returns blood to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary arteries
blood flow that leaves the right side of the heart via the pulmonary arteries, enters the lungs, replenishes oxygen into the blood and returns blood to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary veins
56
Which of the following statements best describes the flow of blood through the portal venous system?
blood flows from the spleen and intestines through the superior vena cava and into the right atrium of the heart
blood flows from the liver into the spleen and intestines and into the right atrium of the heart
blood flows from the kidneys into the spleen and intestines, through the liver, and finally into the heart
blood flows from the spleen and intestines through the liver, then through the hepatic veins where it drains through the inferior vena cava back into the right atrium of the heart
blood flows from the spleen and intestines through the liver, then through the hepatic veins where it drains through the inferior vena cava back into the right atrium of the heart
57
Why does the portal venous system require blood to pass through the liver prior to entering the heart?
for filtration of toxins and storage of nutrients
58
How does the fetus obtain oxygen and nutrients and dispose of carbon dioxide and wastes during the last trimester of pregnancy?
through the maternal connection through the umbilical cord as the fetal lungs are not functional before birth
59
Which of the chambers identified in the sonographic image are considered the pumping chambers of the heart?
ventricles
60
When taking your patient's blood pressure you obtain a reading of 120/80 mmHg. What does the top number represent?
the pressure of blood against the arterial wall measured in millimeters of mercury when the heart is contracting
61
When taking a patient's pulse, which of the following methods is most commonly used?
using the artery in the wrist
62
The function of the larynx is...
to allow air to pass to create sound
63
All of the following occur as air passes through the various passageways on its way to the lungs EXCEPT:
air is oxygenated
64
Which of the following characteristics makes alveoli so efficient in the gas exchange process?
together their surface area is very large (almost as much as a football field)
65
All of the following are components of the lymphatic system EXCEPT:
spleen
bone marrow
kidneys
lymph nodes
kidneys
66
Which of the following heart valves separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
mitral valve
67
The structure that separates the right side of the heart from the left side of the heart is the...
septum
68
The heart has several layers. The muscular layer is called the...
myocardium
69
At which vascular level is the site of the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and the tissue cells.
level of the capillary
70
Which of the following best describes the heart?
The heart is a solid, muscular organ about the size of your head.
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ about the size of your fist.
The heart is a hollow, skeletal organ about the size of your liver.
The heart is a solid, epithelial organ about the size of a golf ball.
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ about the size of your fist.
71
All of the following vessels return blood to the right atrium of the heart EXCEPT:
superior vena cava
aorta
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
aorta
72
Veins and arteries have all of the following characteristics in common EXCEPT:
three-layered walls
transport blood
expand with blood pressure and/or volume
contain valves
contain valves
73
The lymphatic system has a dual role and functions as part of what other systems?
circulatory and immune
74
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels lying adjacent to the...
capillaries
75
The lymphatic vessels transport fluid...
back to the heart through a series of ducts and veins
76
The lymphatic vessels flow through several _________
lymph nodes
77
Lymph nodes contain concentrations of what type of cells that are responsible for destroying invading bacteria?
white blood cells
78
The location of the thymus gland is which of the following?
center of the chest just behind the sternum
79
The thymus gland processes which of the following types of white blood cells?
T-lymphocytes
80
The lymphocytes that the thymus gland produces provides cellular immunity against all of the following EXCEPT:
bacteria
foreign tissue
virus
normal cell growth
normal cell growth
81
The tonsils consist of which of the following types of tissue?
lymphoepithelial tissue
82
Removal of the tonsils is called:
tonsillectomy
83
Tonsils are believed to serve as first line defense against which of the following?
inhaled pathogens
84
Inflammation of the tonsils is known as:
tonsillitis
85
Allergy is defined as a hypersensitivity disorder of the...
immune system
86
Allergic reaction occurs when a person is exposed to a normally harmless substance such as Down Feathers. The Down Feathers are known as the...
allergen
87
If a person is hypersensitive to an allergen, the body activates certain white blood cells called Mast cells which results in a(n) ____________________.
inflammatory response
88
In response to an allergic reaction, taking an anti-histamine, will have which of the following effects?
blocks the ability of the body to release histamines which cause swelling and mucous production
89
In which component of the lymphatic system are T cells matured and trained to recognize foreign antigens and to ignore the body's own antigens?
thymus
90
The process of a cell engulfing and ingesting an invading microorganism, another cell, or a cell fragment is termed:
phagocytosis
91
All of the following are functions of the lymphatic nodes EXCEPT:
protect against invading organisms
filter lymph fluid
transport waste through lymphatic ducts
destroy worn out RBC's and salvage hemoglobin
destroy worn out RBC's and salvage hemoglobin
92
Which of the following components of the lymphatic system can be visualized sonographically?
thymus
spleen
bone marrow
tonsils/adenoids
spleen
93
Lymphatic vessels lie adjacent to which of the following?
capillaries
94
Lymph nodes contain concentrations of which type of cells that are responsible for destroying invaders?
white blood cells
95
Which component of the lymphatic system lies in the center of the chest behind the sternum?
thymus gland
96
An excessive immune response to often harmless foreign antigens that may damage normal tissues is termed:
allergic reaction
97
Which one of the following would be considered a first line of defense?
skin
muscle
thyroid gland
thymus gland
skin
98
In which of the following can all substances transported by the lymph pass through, where foreign substances can be filtered out and destroyed before fluid is returned to the bloodstream.
lymph nodes
99
Which of the following are considered the first line of defense for ingested or inhaled foreign pathogens?
tonsils
100
Inflammation of the tonsils is known as:
tonsillitis
101
The red arrow is pointing to lymph node clusters in which area? (armpit area)
axillary
102
Which of the following is NOT a component of the lymphatic system?
thymus
spleen
pancreas
lymph
pancreas
103
Which of the following collects fluid from cells and tissues and helps to maintain fluid homeostasis?
lymph vessels
104
Which of the following has the largest concentration of lymphoid tissue in the body?
tonsils
spleen
adenoids
thymus
spleen
105
Which of the following are the responders sent to seek out and destroy foreign invaders?
white blood cells
red blood cells
platelets
white blood cells
106
When lymph fluid drainage is impaired, which of the following occurs?
edema
107
When the body recognizes a returning organism and is ready for it, it is termed:
memory
108
The kidneys are located in the
retroperitoneal cavity
109
The principal functions of the urinary system include all of the following EXCEPT:
elimination of acid only from the body
maintenance of volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits
ridding the body of waste products
regulation of the
concentrations of various electrolytes in the body
elimination of acid only from the body
110
The urinary system consists of the...
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
111
The sphincter muscles are circular muscles that play an important role in...
keeping the urine within the bladder.
112
The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units. Each unit is called a...
nephron
113
The nephron is...
the functional unit of the kidney.
114
All of the following are stages of urine formation EXCEPT:
secretion
filtration
reabsorption
extraction
extraction
115
All of the following are means of regulating glomerular filtration EXCEPT:
renal autoregulation
hormonal regulation
neuronal regulation
muscular regulation
muscular regulation
116
From the distal convoluted tubule, filtrate will then be carried to the...
collecting duct
117
The functional unit of the kidney, where filtration takes place, is called the...
nephron
118
A funnel shaped reservoir that collects urine from all parts of the kidney is the...
renal pelvis
119
Urine is excreted from the urinary bladder via the...
urethra
120
The ureters are tubes that connect the ____ to the _______.
kidney to the urinary bladder
121
A gland on the superior medial surface of each kidney that is part of the endocrine system is called the...
supra-renal or adrenal glands
122
Which of the following brings the blood into the kidney for filtration?
renal vein or renal artery
renal artery
123
All of the following are functions of the kidney EXCEPT:
regulation of body fluid homeostasis
removal of toxic wastes
regulation of blood
pressure
production of white blood cells
production of white blood cells
124
The kidneys are found...
in the retro-peritoneum
125
Using your knowledge of anatomy so far, the left kidney is in contact with the...
spleen
126
Using your knowledge of anatomy so far, the right kidney is in contact with the...
liver
127
The sonographic appearance of the bladder is considered to be:
anechoic
128
Your are scanning the kidneys of your patient and your radiologist asks you to compare the sonographic appearance of the cortex of the kidney to the renal sinus of the kidney. Your patient's kidneys appear normal. Which of the following best describes what you might say to the radiologist?
The cortex of the kidney is hypoechoic to the renal sinus of the kidney.
129
Your patient presents with blood in the urine. You mentor tells you that your images are of excellent quality. The mentor ask you to describe the sonographic appearance of the medulla of the kidney and compare it to the sonographic appearance of the renal capsule of the kidney. Which of the following answer would best describe what you might say to the mentor?
The renal capsule is hyperechoic to the renal medulla.
130
You are asked by the physician to explain how the renal cortex and the renal medulla compare sonographically. Which of the following comparisons would be the most accurate for a normal kidney?
The renal cortex is hyperechoic to the renal medulla.
131
The renal sinus, in a normal ultrasound exam, is considered to be:
echogenic
132
The process of breaking down food into substances the body uses for metabolism is called...
digestion
133
All of the following are structures of the alimentary canal EXCEPT:
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
pancreas
pancreas
134
The term used to describe how food and waste materials move is called...
peristalsis
135
Rugae, the unique muscle folds of the stomach break up the food into small pieces that is called...
chyme
136
The two components of each villi include...
a capillary and a lacteal
137
The major portion of absorption and digestion occurs in the...
small intestines
138
The function of the colon includes all of the following EXCEPT
absorbs water
manufactures blood cells
produces mucous
forms and expels feces
manufactures blood cells
139
Which pancreatic enzyme digests carbohydrates?
amylase
140
Which pancreatic enzyme digests fats?
lipase
141
The main pancreatic duct is called:
duct of Wirsung
142
Pancreatic juices flow into the...
duodenum, the first portion of the small intestines
143
All of the following are functions of the pancreas EXCEPT:
produces hormones
maintains sugar and salt balance
produces pancreatic enzymes
produces bile
produces bile
144
The location of the pancreas is...
behind the abdominal cavity beneath the stomach
145
The three regions of the pancreas include the...
head, body and tail
146
Which of the following is responsible for 90% of the pancreatic function?
the exocrine pancreas
147
The liver performs all of the following functions EXCEPT:
metabolizes carbohydrates
produces bile
detoxifies blood
produces amylase
produces amylase
148
The sac that stores the bile produced from the liver is called the...
gallbladder
149
The major component of bile is...
cholesterol
150
Blood returning from the intestines enter the liver through which one of the following...
portal veins
151
The major blood supply to the liver includes all of the following EXCEPT:
bile ducts
hepatic artery
portal vein
bile ducts
152
Which of the following is NOT a building block of the liver?
bile
153
In order for bile to get to the intestines to aid in digestion, the liver cells are connected to small tubes called...
bile ducts
154
Which organ plays an accessory role by storing and releasing bile into the small intestine when fatty chyme is detected?
gallbladder
155
The stomach is a hollow organ that contains folds that allow for expansion and contraction. These folds are called...
rugae
156
When ingested solids are broken down into a liquid in the stomach, that liquid is called...
chyme
157
Which of the following transports unabsorbed material to the sigmoid colon and then to the anus to be expelled?
large intestine
158
Finger-like projections in the small intestines that function to absorb substances such as nutrients and minerals from chyme are called...
villi
159
This organ is considered the metabolic factory of the body.
liver
160
This organ lies posterior to the stomach with its head adjacent to the duodenum and aids in digestion.
pancreas
161
This enzyme, secreted by the pancreas, aids in the digestion of carbohydrates.
amylase
162
This enzyme in the pancreas aids in the digestion of fats.
lipase
163
With decreased peristalsis in the intestine, more time is available for reabsorption of fluid. Using your critical thinking skills and life experiences, this leads to...
constipation
164
____________is a process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in the external environment.
negative feedback loop homeostasis
165
A mechanism that rarely or never controls the release of hormones from glands is a...
positive feedback mechanism
166
Feed back loops are essential to ...
homeostasis
167
The production of a given signal will eventually lead to a decrease in that signal.
negative feed back loop
168
The production of a given signal will eventually lead to an increase in that signal.
Positive feedback
169
Which of the following converts glucose into glycogen and stores it until needed?
liver
170
Which of the following organs secrete insulin?
pancreas
171
When the liver is stimulated by insulin, which of the following occurs?
liver uptakes glucose and stores it in the form of glycogen
172
Which of the following occurs when the glucose level returns to normal?
alpha cells stop the process
173
Which of the following are the two divisions of the nervous system?
central and peripheral
174
The spinal cord and brain are parts of the...
central nervous system
175
The main job of the central nervous system is to ...
get information from the body and send out instructions
176
The neuron contains a dendrite that...
receives stimuli
177
The neuron contains an axon that...
sends nerve impulses
178
All of the following would be considered a voluntary movement EXCEPT:
pedaling a bicycle
running a marathon
an increase in heart rate during the running of a marathon
climbing a tree
an increase in heart rate during the running of a marathon
179
The thought process and nerve impulses that lead to a movement is considered which of the following?
voluntary
180
Use your critical thinking skills to answer the following question. All of the following can be assessed without participation of the patient EXCEPT:
pulse
temperature
blood pressure
patient's chief complaint
patient's chief complaint
181
Which of the following is known as the master gland?
pituitary gland
182
Which of the following defines the term endocrine?
enzymes released into ducts
hormones released into ducts
enzymes released into bloodstream
hormones released into bloodstream
hormones released into bloodstream
183
The mechanism that most frequently controls the release of hormones from glands is a...
negative feedback mechanism
184
Which of the following is responsible for taking calcium from the bones and releasing it into the bloodstream when needed?
parathyroid glands
185
Which of the following is responsible for decreasing blood sugar levels?
pancreas
186
Which of the following produces testosterone which is responsible for male sex characteristics?
testes
187
A deficit of insulin secretion from beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas or lack of response by cells to insulin leads to...
sugar diabetes
188
The main hormone secreted in response to stress is...
adrenaline
189
What directs the pituitary gland to secrete or inhibit the production of hormones.
hypothalamus
190
Which of the following is an endocrine secretion of the pancreas?
glucagon
amino acids
lipase
Insulin
amylase
Insulin
191
Which of the following neurons signals the muscle cells to contract?
motor neurons
192
Which part of the nervous system is mainly responsible for involuntary actions in the human body?
autonomic nervous system
193
Which part of the brain stem contains life-sustaining control centers of respiration, heart rate, and vasomotor function?
pons
midbrain
cerebellum
diencephalon
medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata
194
the brain stem is also known as
medulla oblongata
195
Which part of the brain utilizes thought and reasoning; allowing you to answer these questions correctly?
forebrain
196
Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) production in the Pituitary Gland?
Estrogen
197
The main function of estrogen is to...
thicken the lining of the uterus
198
LH is responsible for...
causing the release of an egg (ovulation
199
LH and FSH are both produced in the...
pituitary gland
200
In which of the following is Estrogen produced?
ovaries
201
Which of the following is the function of the epididymis?
transport and storage of the sperm cells that are produced in the testes
202
The ejaculatory ducts empty into the...
urethra
203
The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that attach to which of the following?
vas deferens
204
The primary hormones involved in the functioning of the male reproductive system are...
FSH and LH
205
All of the following are internal reproductive organs EXCEPT:
vas deferens
ejaculatory ducts
penis
seminal vesicles
penis
206
Spermatozoa are produced in the _________ and mature in the _________.
testes, epididymis
207
Which of the following releases FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) which stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles?
pituitary gland
208
Which of the following hormones is greatly increased during ovulation?
lutenizing hormone (LH)
209
Which hormone enhances the development of endometrial blood vessels and glycogen secreting glands in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized ovum?
Progesterone
210
Which word is used to describe the sloughing of the endometrial tissue that occurs when implantation of the ovum has not occurred?
menses
211
The ovary produces two hormones. Estrogen is secreted by _____, whereas progesterone is secreted by the _____.
follicles; corpus luteum
212
The release of an egg from the ruptured follicle is termed:
ovulation
213
Which of the following triggers production of sperm and development of secondary sexual Characteristics
testosterone
214
Epididymis consists of the...
head body and tail
215
BE ABLE TO LABEL MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
WEEK 7 QUIZ
216
The female reproductive system transports the ova to the site of...
fertilization
217
Conception, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the...
fallopian tubes
218
The internal reproductive organs in the female include all of the following EXCEPT:
Uterus
labia majora
Ovaries
Vagina
labia majora
219
What two hormones are released from the brain and travel in the blood to the ovaries?
LH and FSH
220
The rise in estrogen from the dominant follicle triggers a surge in the amount of...
progesterone
221
Meiosis is a ___________ cell division process.
one-part
two-part
three-part
four-part
Two part
222
Meiosis produces gametes with _________ the number of chromosomes.
1/2
223
At the end of the meiotic process there are ____ daughter cells produced.
4
224
Each of the daughter cells have
1/2 of the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
225
Meiosis is a process of cell division that produces
gametes
226
In humans, the special haploid cells are called
eggs and sperm
227
Mitosis is the scientific name for nuclear cell ___________.
division
228
The DNA interacts with...
enzymes and fat.
proteins and fat.
enzymes and chromosomes
enzymes and proteins.
enzymes and proteins.
229
In mitosis, the cells divide and result in...
4 sets of identical chromosomes.
2 sets of identical chromosomes.
4 sets of different chromosomes.
2 sets of different chromosomes.
2 sets of identical chromosomes.
230
Mitosis occurs only in...
prokaryotes cells.
epithelial cells.
eukaryotes.
muscle cells.
eukaryotes.
231
Errors in mitosis can cause...
cancer
232
Which two things are required in order for filtration to occur?
equilibrium and a concentration gradient
equilibrium and a temperature difference
pressure and a concentration gradient
pressure and a temperature difference
pressure and a concentration gradient
233
Which of the following was not listed as one of the purposes for cell division?
to form a multi-celled organism from one cell
to maintain normal blood gas levels
to enable growth of organism
to facilitate tissue repair
to maintain normal blood gas levels
234
Which statement best describes a tissue?
collection of similar organs that are specialized to perform a common function
collection of similar systems that are specialized to perform a common function
collection of similar cells that are specialized to perform a common function
collection of similar organisms that are specialized to perform a common function
collection of similar cells that are specialized to perform a common function
235
Which statement best describes the cell or plasma membrane?
controls activities of the cell
breaks down old cells
contains genetic material
controls movement of material in and out of the cell
controls movement of material in and out of the cell
236
Which of the following is the main function of the nucleus?
destroys toxins in the cell
controls what enters the cell
stores genetic material and control activities of the cell
produces ATP
stores genetic material and control activities of the cell
237
Which type of tissue is considered avascular?
epithelial
238
Which type of tissue is designed for the rapid transmission of signals?
nerve
239
All cellular processes requires what?
energy
240
Division of reproductive cells or sex cells occurs by a process called...
meiosis
241
Which of the following types of tissues forms continuous sheets that serve as linings?
epithelial
242
The main properties of muscles are all of the following EXCEPT:
contractability
excitability
automaticity
elasticity
automaticity
243
Which of the following protects the ends of bones?
cartilage
244
Which of the following are rubber-like cords that stretch as muscles and bones move?
tendons
245
Which of the following is the largest organ of the body and the first line of defense against invading organisms?
skin
246
Who submits the requisition form?
the doctor
247
The correct patient is ...
important
imperative
not important
some what important
imperative
248
All of the following can give the sonographer clues to pathology EXCEPT:
gender
age
name
ethnicity
name
249
The physician has requested an ultrasound of the RUQ. This is called the...
test
requisition
the appointment
approval
requisition
250
The information on the request: What should be include all of the following EXCEPT:
age
gender
appointment time
patients name
appointment time
251
The patient is having a RUQ exam. What is the best time of day to schedule your patient for their exam?
early morning
252
The patient is NPO. Which of the follow is NOT included in an NPO prep?
no smoking
No medicine can be taken
nothing to eat
no chewing gum
No medicine can be taken
253
Why can you not use the patients full name in the patient waiting area?
patient confidentiality
254
When scanning a patient the first thing you should do is...
take your images
a survey in two planes
survey the area of interest
scan the area of interest in transverse
a survey in two planes
255
At the end of an ultrasound exam the last thing you should do is...
escort the patient to the waiting room
clean and prepare the ultrasound room for the next exam
clean the ultrasound table
show your images to the radiologist
clean and prepare the ultrasound room for the next exam
256
Hand washing is the mechanical removal of...
microorganisms
257
Which form of transmission protects the best with hand washing?
droplets
air born
touch
fecal-oral route
fecal-oral route
258
In addition to hand washing with soap and water another acceptable method would be which of the following?
running water
alcohol gels
baby whips
none of the above
alcohol gels
259
Medical hand hygiene pertains to hygiene practices related to all of the following EXCEPT:
administration of medicine
medical care
prevents or minimizes disease and the spread of disease.
prevents disease
prevents disease
260
Which of the following terms best describes an "unknown cause"?
idiopathic
261
The study of factors that cause or encourage disease is which one of the following?
epidemiology
262
If you were exposed to a hazardous material or chemical you would look for which of the following?
registry book
hospital pamphlet
SDMS book
MSDS book
MSDS book
263
A patient with a low hematocrit would indicate...
too few red blood cells
264
The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is known as...
incubation
265
The etiology of your patients pathology is congenital. The term etiology means...
cause
266
Acute cholecystitis is a ...
sudden inflammation of the gallbladder
267
All of the following statements regarding gallbladder stones are correct EXCEPT:
The gallstone should move when the patient position is changed.
The gallstone is echogenic.
The gallstone is hyperechoic
The gallstone produces a shadow.
The gallstone is hyperechoic
268
Metastatic masses can have many sonographic appearances. If your patient has a solid mass it would appear as which of the following?
echogenic
269
Pyelonephritis is defined as which of the following?
bacterial infection of the kidney
270
Pyelonephritis is most often caused by which one of the following?
ascent of bacteria from the bladder
271
The symptoms of pyelonephritis are all of the following EXCEPT:
pain
fever
chills
excessive urination
excessive urination
272
With pyelonephritis, the appearance of the kidney is...
increased in size
273
The ultrasound appearance of pyelonephritis may include which one of the following?
small stones with shadowing
cyst
shadowing from a staghorn calculus
a solid mass without shadowing
shadowing from a staghorn calculus
274
The most common functional cyst occurs during..
the time before or during ovulation
275
Dermoid cysts contain tissue similar to that in other parts of the body. That includes all of the following EXCEPT:
skin
hair
teeth
water
water
276
A response to a harmful stimuli such as a pathogen is called:
inflammation
277
Although benign, the polyp seen in this image is most likely caused by which of the following?
chronic inflammation
278
Protozoa is/are a human...
parasite
279
Hyperplasia is...
cells increasing in number
280
Prions, an infectious agent, is composed of...
proteins
