Anatomy Review: UMN

Question 1

UMN
Made of larger pyramidal cells
Neurotransmitter:
Detected by:

Answer 1

Glutamate

Glutamatergic receptors

Question 2

UMN lesion aka __

occurs in the neural pathway above the __

Answer 2

pyramidal insufficiency

anterior horn

Question 3

Weakness, ↓motor control (fine movements), ↑reaction of spinal reflexes (spasticity, clonus, and excessive extensor plantar) have Babinski’s response

Answer 3

UMN lesion or injury

Question 4

A major function of the Corticospinal tract pathway

Answer 4

Fine voluntary motor control of limbs (voluntary body posture adjs)

Question 5

Cortico-spinal tract (CST) controls

Answer 5

primary motor activity for the somatic motor

system from the Neck to the Feet

Question 6

Injuries to the lateral corticospinal tract results in

Answer 6

same side paralysis (can’t move)
paresis (↓motor strength)
hypertonia (↑tone)

Question 7

Ultimately, Corticospinal neurons synapse directly onto ___ for direct muscle control

Answer 7

Alpha Motor Neurons

Question 8

Name the two pyramidal tracts

Answer 8

cortico-bulbar (neck ↑)

cortico-spinal (neck ↓)

Question 9

Pyramidal tract (Ant. and Lat. CST) connections to SomatoSensory cortex suggest responsibility for modulating

Answer 9

sensory info from the body

Question 10

Pyramidal tract lesions lead to paralysis on the __ side of the body.

Answer 10

corresponding (opposite)

Question 11

After an injury to CST, pt can relearn

Answer 11

some crude touch
basic motions
BUT NO fine movement

Question 12

The largest part of CST

Answer 12

lateral 90⁒ (transverse cut, oval area)

Question 13

Lat. CST axons weave out of tract and back into __ of the spinal cord.

Answer 13

Ant. Horns

Question 14

Lateral cortico-spinal tract controls

Answer 14

fine movement ipsilateral limbs

Question 15

Anterior cortico-spinal tract controls

Answer 15

central axial and girdle muscles (Trunk)

Question 16

MC complications of damage to Lateral cortical-spinal tract are

Answer 16

polio and ALS

atrophy at or below brainstem

Question 17

Damage above pyramidal decussation causes __ deficits.

Answer 17

contralateral motor

Question 18

Damage below pyramidal decussation causes __ deficits.

Answer 18

ipsilateral motor

Question 19

Anterior Cortico-Spinal Tract aka

Answer 19

Ventral CST
"Bundle of Turck"
Medial CST
Direct pyramidal tract
Anterior Cerebro-Spinal Fasciculus

Question 20

Ant. CST decussate at the level of __.

Lat. CST decussate at the level of __.

Answer 20

innervation

medulla oblongata

Question 21

Cortico-bulbar Tract aka

Answer 21

cortico-nuclear

Question 22

Cortico-bulbar Tract is a two-neuron __ pathway.

Answer 22

white matter

Question 23

The Cortiobulbar tract controls muscles of the

Answer 23

face, head and neck

Question 24

CBT directly innervates nuclei for CN

Answer 24

V, VII, IX and XII

motor CN X in ambiguous nucleus

Question 25

What tract coordinates head and eye movements

Answer 25

tecto-spinal aka colliculi-spinal

Question 26

Name extrapyramidal system

Answer 26

rubrospinal reticulospoinal olivospinal vestibulospinal

Question 27

Tectospinal tract is responsible

Answer 27

motor impulse to muscles opposite side of the body

Question 28

Tectospinal tract function mediate

Answer 28

reflex postural movements of the head (visual and auditory stimuli)

Question 29

What tract mediates involuntary movement

Answer 29

Rubrospinal vestibulospinal tectospinal reticulospinal

Question 30

Rubrospinal responsible for

Answer 30

large m. movement regulate flexor inhibit extensor tone fine motor control

Question 31

The function of the vestibulospinal tract

Answer 31

M. tone Posture support Maintaining balance of head/body

Question 32

The __ skeletal muscle in order to maintain balance, posture, and stability in an an environment with gravity.

Answer 32

vestibulospinal reflex

Question 33

Vestibulospinal Reflexes important in maintenance of

Answer 33

homeostasis