Anatomy Review Flashcards
A 45-year-old former professional golfer, Tiger W., presents to your clinic with “elbow pain.” After examining the patient, you diagnose him with “Golfer’s Elbow.”
The superficial layer of muscles in the anterior forearm all originate at the 1. Each of the muscles in this superficial layer are innervated by the median nerve, except for the 2 muscle, which is innervated by the 3 nerve. While palpating the muscles of this superficial layer of the forearm, the patient reports a “pins and needles” tingling sensation in the first “three or so fingers” on the palmar aspect.
Which muscle of the superficial layer of the anterior forearm is a common entrapment site of the nerve that carries sensory input from the first three and a half digits (palmar aspect)? 4
- Medial epicondyle of the humerus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Ulnar nerve
- Pronator teres
A first-year chiropractic student presents to your clinic with “shoulder pain, tingling, weakness.” Upon examination, you suspect two diagnoses contributing to the chief complaint.
• What nerve innervates the muscle that attaches at the medial border of the scapula and the first 8 or 9 ribs? 1
• What spinal nerve segments make up the nerve that is transmitted through the quadrangular space? 2
• What artery (and vein) is transmitted through the quadrangular space? 3
• What artery (and vein) is transmitted through the triangular space? 4
- Long thoracic nerve
- C5, C6, C7
- Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
- Circumflex scapular artery and vein
A major league baseball pitcher, Nestor C., presents to your clinic with “shoulder pain.”
Upon examination, you note pain rated 7/10 when the patient attempts to abduct the humerus.
• What muscle is responsible for the first 15-30 degrees of abduction of the humerus? 1
• What nerve innervates this muscle? 2
• What other muscle is innervated by this same nerve? 3
• Which of the rotator cuff muscles internally rotates the humerus? 4
• Which nerve(s) innervate the only internal rotator of the rotator cuff muscles? 5
- Supraspinatus
- Suprascapular nerve
- Infraspinatus
- Subscapularis
- Upper and lower subscapular nerves
A patient, Violet B., presents to your clinic with “puffy, swollen arms” bilaterally. To rule out diabetes, you draw blood.
• The most common site of venipuncture in the anterior elbow is the 1 vein.
• A week passes. The patient returns with noticeably swollen, almost purple arms. She’s been working on her doctoral thesis about greed, which involves her leaning over a desk, writing, and researching on her computer.
• Between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, what part of the brachial plexus would we find? 2
• The “thoracic outlet” (not “thoracic outlet syndrome”) is located between which two bones? 3
• The pectoralis minor inserts at the 4 and is innervated by a nerve that comes off which cord of the brachial plexus? 5
• Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by nerves that arise from which cord(s)? 6
- Median cubital vein
- Trunks of the brachial plexus
- Clavicle and first rib
- Coracoid process
- Medial cord
- Lateral and medial cords
An administrative assistant, Dolly P., presents to your clinic after working a grueling schedule of 9–5, five days a week. She complains of tingling in her fingers, loss of coordination in her hands, and loss of grip strength.
• Name the muscle/muscle tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel based on the following:
• 1 muscle flexes the first digit.
• 2 muscle flexes the proximal interphalangeal joint of digits 2–5.
• 3 muscle flexes the distal interphalangeal joint of digits 2–5.
• Which two carpals form the posterior border of the carpal tunnel? 4 (list these from proximal to distal).
• Which nerve(s) innervates opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis-superficial head? 5
• Which nerve innervates all the other muscles of the thenar and hypothenar eminence? 6
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Scaphoid, trapezium
- Recurrent branch of the median nerve
- Ulnar nerve
An avid tennis player, Venus W., presents to your clinic with “elbow pain.” Upon examination, you notice tenderness at the distal lateral humerus.
• Extensors of the forearm attach via the common extensor tendon to the 1 of the humerus.
• All of the muscles in the posterior compartment are innervated by the 2 nerve, which is made of spinal nerve segments 3.
• Which muscle of the posterior forearm compartment inserts at the base of the second metacarpal? 4
• The deepest muscle that attaches at this same bony landmark, the 5, is a common entrapment site of the 6 nerve (be specific).
• The proximal ulna articulates at the 7 of the humerus.
- Lateral epicondyle
- Radial nerve
- C5-T1
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Supinator
- Posterior interosseous nerve (a branch of the radial nerve)
- Trochlea
• What type of synovial joint is found between the lateral carpal in the distal row and the first metacarpal? 1
• What ligament attaches at both the trapezoid line and the conoid tubercle? 2
• Which ligament, that helps prevent abduction of the elbow, is commonly injured in baseball pitchers and repaired with Tommy John surgery? 3
- Saddle joint
- Coracoclavicular ligament
- Ulnar collateral ligament
Name the three branches off the third part of the axillary artery.
- Posterior circumflex humeral artery
- Anterior circumflex humeral artery
- Subscapular artery
Rotator cuff injuries are common. Consider the muscles of the rotator cuff.
- Supraspinatus (abducts the humerus)
- Subscapularis (internally rotates the humerus)
- Teres minor (innervated by axillary nerve)
What part of the brachial plexus does each of the following emerge from?
- Branch (Thoracodorsal nerve—innervates latissimus dorsi)
- Trunk (Nerve to subclavius)
- Trunk (Suprascapular nerve—travels through the suprascapular notch)
Posterior ulnar recurrent artery is a continuation or anastomosis of which artery?
- Ulnar artery
“Nursemaid’s elbow” involves dislocation of the radial head.
- Annular ligament
- Biceps brachii
- Musculocutaneous nerve
The intercostal nerve, artery, and vein are found deep to the:
- Internal intercostal muscle
A patient presents with weak grip strength and a previous diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.
- Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head)
- Scaphoid and trapezium
- Flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons)
- Flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons)
- Flexor pollicis longus (1 tendon)
Name the muscle that attaches at the coracoid process and whose nerve emerges from the level of the cords of the brachial plexus.
- Pectoralis minor
A 72-year-old presents with wrist pain following a FOOSH injury.
- Scaphoid
- Extensor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis longus
Scapular anastomosis is supplied by:
- Circumflex scapular artery
- Dorsal scapular artery
Venipuncture and veins of the upper extremity.
- Median cubital vein
- Cephalic vein
- Basilic vein
The most distal joint flexed by flexor digitorum superficialis:
- Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
Common entrapment sites for nerves:
- Radial nerve: Triangular interval
- Median nerve: Carpal tunnel
- Ulnar nerve: Cubital tunnel
- Posterior interosseous nerve: Supinator muscle
- Axillary nerve: Quadrangular space
- Brachial plexus: Scalene triangle
Arteries and nerves of the forearm.
- Common interosseous artery
- Ulnar artery
- Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)
- Posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
The muscle responsible for elbow flexion in mid-position with high repetition, low weight:
- Brachioradialis
Circulation of the hand.
- Radial artery (deep palmar arch)
- Ulnar artery (superficial palmar arch)
- Princeps pollicis artery
“Saturday night palsy” (Radial nerve compression from sleeping on a chair).
- Posterior cord
- Deep brachial artery
- Brachialis and brachioradialis