Anatomy Reproductive System Flashcards
What is found on the posterior wall of pelvis?
Sacrum and coccyx
Where are the ovaries and uterus found?
True pelvis (lower)
What is found on anterior wall of pelvis?
2 pubic bones
What is found on lateral walls of pelvis?
2 iliac wings and ischium
What divides the true (inferior) pelvis and false (superior) pelvis?
Lineuterminalis (iliopectineal line)
What muscles are found on the anterior wall of the false pelvis?
Paired rectus abdominus muscles
What is found on the inferior wall of the true pelvis? 4
Pelvic diaphragm
Levatorani muscle
Coccygeous muscle
Perineal muscle
Osseous ligaments attach what to what? Are they seen on ultrasound?
Bone to bone/ not seen
List 4 osseous ligaments of pelvis
Sacroiliac
Sacrosciatic ( sacrotuberous)
Sacrococcygeal
Pubic symphysis
Ligament that extends to lateral pelvis side walls?
Peritoneum ( broad ligament )
Ligament on the back of the uterus?
Uterosacral lig
Ligament that is found in the anterior aspect and inferior to the broad ligament and attaches the upper uterus to the anterior pelvic wall?
Round ligament
Ligament that attaches uterus to ovary/ attaches upper lateral ligament
Ovarian ligament or proper ovarian ligament
Ligament attaches ovary to posterior broad ligament ( not seen unless ascites present )
Mesovarian
Suspensory ligament to ovary, attaches lateral aspect of ovary to pelvic wall, also transmits the ovarian artery, vein, and nerve to ovary
Infundibulopelvic lig.
Muscle that forms anterior wall of pelvis
Rectus abdominus m.
Muscle that forms posterior wall of pelvis
Psoas major m.
Muscle that forms the lateral wall of pelvis
Iliacus m.
Muscle that extends from the xyphoid process to pubic symphysis / responsible for refraction “ghosting” artifact occasionally seen while imaging the midline pelvis in transverse plane
Rectus abdominus m.
Muscle that originates from the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebra and joins the illiacus m. in the pelvis to become iliopsoas m. ( inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur )
Psoas major m.
Muscle that sits on the anterior iliac fossa/ it arises at the iliac crests and extends inferiorly to join the psoas m. to form the iliopsoas
Iliacus m.
What muscle forms lateral margins of the false pelvis?
Illiacus m.
The triangular muscle that is anchored along the pelvic brim
Obturator internus m.
Lateral side wall of true pelvis?
Obturator m.
“Turn out muscle” turns your leg out and found deep and posterior in the true pelvis
Piriformis m.
What holds the pelvic organ inside?
Pelvic diaphragm
3 muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani m. ( anterior )
Coccygeous m. ( posterior )
Perineal m. ( outside )
What 3 structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?
Urethra ( ant.)
Vagina
Rectum ( post.)
Muscle of the posterior floor of pelvic diaphragm?
Coccygeus m.
Muscle of the middle and anterior floor pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani m.
Hollow musculomembranous organ
Urinary bladder
What organ is located posterior to the pubic symphysis and anterior to vagina?
Urinary bladder
Superior convexity of bladder is called what?
“Dome”
What inserts on inferior and posterior portion of bladder?
Ureters
3 layers of wall of bladder
1 outer epithelial ( thin )
2 middle muscular
3 inner mucosal layer
When can you see the folds ( rugae ) of the bladder ( sonographically )
When bladder is empty
When can you not see the mucosa of the bladder?
When bladder is full
What arises along the inferior and middle part of the bladder?
Urethra
What is the 7-10 cm canal ( smooth muscle )
Vagina
What organ extends from the external introitus to the cx?
Vagina
Upper portion of the vagina surrounds the cx and forms gutters called the what?
Fornicies
How many fornicies are there?
1 anterior fornix
2 lateral fornicies
1 posterior fornix ( usually deepest and can often see fluid in it )
Pear shaped hollow organ
Uterus
Organ located anterior to rectum and posterior to bladder
Uterus
What are the three parts of the uterus?
Fundus ( dome/ top)
Body ( main part )
Isthmus ( lower segment)
What part of the uterus is the most flexible and grows at the most rapid rate during pregnancy?
Isthmus
What is the “ neck” of the uterus
Cervix
What provides alkaline secretion favorable for sperm penetration for fertilization?
Cx
What part of the cx continues into the uterine cavity as endometrium?
Endocervical canal
What is the size of an adult uterus?
Cx lower1/3
Body/ fundus upper 2/3
Size of newborn uterus
Cx lower 1/2
Body/ fundus upper 1/2
Size of pediatric uterus?
Cx lower 2/3
Body/ fundus upper 1/3
Size of post menopause uterus?
Same portion as adult just smaller
What are the layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium ( serosa ) outer
Myometrium (middle muscular)
Endometrium (inner mucous layer)
Parametrium ( tissue surrounding ut)
What layer of the uterus is part of the visceral peritoneum and becomes the broad ligament laterally, anteriorly becomes the vesicouterine pouch ( cul de sac ), and posteriorly becomes the recto uterine pouch ( pouch of Douglas)
Perimetrium
What is the most dependent portion of the abdomen and pelvic cavity?
Pouch of Douglas
What is the middle muscular layer of the ut that is 3 layers of smooth m. which contracts during parturition ( delivery)?
Myometrium
What is the innermost layer of the myometrium that is sometime seen as a hypoechoic layer just inside the endometrium ( always seen on MRI )
Junctional zone
What layer of the ut consists of a superficial functional layer and a deeper permanent basal layer?
Endometrium
What layer varies in thickness during different phases of the cycle? The thickness measured w/ ut in the sagittal plane taken as double layer.
Endometrium
What tissue surrounds the ut?
Parametrium
What position of the ut is when there is no bend and the endometrium is straight ( forward)
Anteversion
A posterior tilt or neutral position of the ut with respect to the vagina
Retroversion
Bending forward at the ut body
Anteflexion
Bending backward at the ut body
Retroflexion
Most common positions
Anteverted & anteflex
Solid, paired, oval organ suspended in the pelvic peritoneum, posterior to broad ligament
Ovaries
Outer functional layer of the ovary
Cortex
What layer of the ovary contains the vessels and connective tissue?
Inner medullary
The channel through which vessels and nerves is situated the anterior surface of the ovary
Hilum
Paired musculomembranous tubes that extend laterally from the uterine Cornu
Fallopian tubes
Parts of the Fallopian tube
C ornual/ interstitial/ intramural
I sthmus
A mpullary
I nfundibulum
F imbriae
Potential spaces in pelvic cavity created by locations of organs and suspensory structures
Peritoneal recesses
Prevesical or retropubic space located b/w pubic symphysis (ant) and bladder (post)
Space of Retzius
Anterior cul de sac/ anterior to ut posterior to bladder ( usually empty, may have loops of bowel)
Vesicouterine
posterior to cul de sac, posterior to uterine cervix, anterior to rectum ( most dependent area of body and most common place for fluid to collect)
Rectouterine space ( pouch of Douglas )
Complex free fluid in the peritoneal recesses is associated with what?
Hemorrhage ( blood) infection (pus)
What supplies the pelvic organ?
Abdominal aorta and branches
Where does the abdominal aorta divide into the right and left common iliac arteries?
L4