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MET2 > Anatomy Practical 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Practical 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Quadratus Lumborum
Transversus abdominis
Psoas major

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2
Q

What is the posterior abdominal wall formed by?

A
  • psoas major
  • quadratus lumborum
  • iliacus
  • transversus abdominis
  • diaphragm
  • 5 lumbar vertebrae
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3
Q

Where is psoas major?

A

Arises from lumbar vertebral bodies and IV discs -> passes under inguinal ligament -> inserts on lesser trochanter of femur

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4
Q

Where is quadratus lumborum?

A

originates on transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and last rib -> inserts on iliac crest of pelvis

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5
Q

What roots makes up the lumbar plexus? Where do these nerves arise from?

A

L1-L4

From anterior primary rami

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6
Q

What nerves make up the lumbar plexus and what are their roots?

A
  • ilioinguinal (L1)
  • iliohypogastric (L1)
  • lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-L3)
  • genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)
  • obturator nerve (L2-L4)
  • lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5)
  • femoral (L2-L4)
  • subcostal (T12)
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7
Q

What do the nerves in the lumbar plexus innervate?

A

Subcostal - motor to abdominal muscles, sensory to lower anterior abdominal wall
Ilioinguinal - motor to abdominal muscles, sensory to groin
Iliohypogastric - motor to abdominal muscles, sensory to upper and medial thigh, root of penis, mons pubis and labia majora
Genitofemoral - cremaster motor, sensory genital branch genitals, femoral branch upper anterior thigh
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh - lateral thigh
Obturator - motor to medial compartment of thigh, sensory to medial thigh
Femoral - motor to anterior compartment of thigh, sensory to anterior thigh

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8
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate and into what?

A

L4/5 into common iliac arteries

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9
Q

What are the anterior branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • coeliac trunk
  • SMA
  • IMA
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10
Q

What are the lateral branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • renal arteries (L1) and suprarenal/adrenal arteries
  • gonadal arteries (L2)
  • four paired lumbar arteries
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11
Q

Where does the IVC form and by what?

A

Common iliac veins joining at L5

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12
Q

What are the tributaries of the IVC? Where do they enter?

A

Renal veins
Suprarenal/adrenal veins
Gonadal veins
Enter laterally

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13
Q

What is the difference in drainage of the gonadal veins?

A

Left gonadal vein drains to left renal vein but right drains straight to IVC

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14
Q

Which vein crosses the midline anterior the aorta?

A

Left renal vein

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15
Q

What does the urinary system consist of?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, adrenal glands

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16
Q

Where do the renal arteries arise?

A

From abdominal aorta at L1

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17
Q

What is the blood supply to the adrenal glands?

A
  • superior suprarenal
18
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the adrenal glands?

A

Same as kidneys: para-aortic lymph nodes

19
Q

What do the adrenal glands receive blood from?

A

3 sources:

  • branch from renal artery
  • branch from abdominal aorta
  • branch from inferior phrenic
20
Q

What structures are between the renal columns?

A

Columns of Bertin

between the pyramids

21
Q

What is the tip of the medullary pyramid in the kidneys called?

A

Renal papilla

22
Q

What is at the top of each pyramid?

A

Calyx

23
Q

What is the position/course of the ureters in males?

A

Leave hilum
pass downwards behind peritoneum
lie on psoas major
pass medially across common iliac bifurcation and enter pelvis
pass laterally and turn medially to enter bladder
pierce detrusor muscle obliquely and open at ureteric orifices

24
Q

What is the PUJ?

A

Pelvic-ureteric junction

25
Q

What is the CUJ/VUJ?

A

Cystoureteric junction

Vesicoureteric junction

26
Q

Where are the 3 narrowing’s of the ureters where calculi may get obstructed?

A
  • PUJ
  • CUJ/VUJ
  • when ureters enter pelvic brim (cross external iliac artery)
27
Q

Where is the bladder?

A
  • anterior part of pelvic cavity
  • behind pubic symphysis
  • anterior to rectum
  • inferior to prostate
28
Q

What is the retro-pubic space?

A

Fat filled recess between anterior wall of bladder and pubic symphysis

29
Q

What is the rectovesical pouch?

A

Superior surface of bladder reflected up on to rectum anterior wall

30
Q

Where is the EUS in males?

A

Surrounds membranous urethra, then through corpus spongiosum towards penis tip

31
Q

What is the navicular fossa?

A

Vertical slit of urethra - external urethral meatus

32
Q

Which part of the prostate usually enlarges the most?

A

Middle lobule

Obstructs IUS

33
Q

Where are the ureters in females?

A

Close proximity to the ovarian vessels
Medial to ischial spine
Close to lateral fornix of vagina
Enters bladder superiorly/posteriorly

34
Q

What is close near the pelvic brim?

A

Uterine arteries and ovarian vessels

35
Q

Why is the ureter in danger of damage during a hysterectomy?

A

Ureter passes immediately inferior to uterine artery near fornix of agina
Uterine artery ligated and severed to remove uterus

36
Q

Where is the bladder in females?

A

Between pubic symphysis and uterus

37
Q

What is the vesicouterine pouch?

A

Peritoneum forms it

Between bladder and utertus

38
Q

What is the rectoutertine pouch?

A

Pouch of Douglas
Peritoneum forms it
Between uterus and rectum

39
Q

What is the blood supply to the bladder?

A

From superior and inferior vesicle arteries
Branches of internal iliac
Female bladder receives branches from uterine and vaginal arteries

40
Q

Where is the urethra in the female?

A

Traverses the urinogenital diaphragm (pelvic floor) before opening in vulva
Surrounded by striated EUS muscle

MET2 (26 decks)

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