Anatomy: Practical 1 Flashcards
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
N: superficial head: recurrent branch of median; deep head: deep branch of ulnar
A: superficial head: flexes thumb; deep head: adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
O: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid, and trapezium
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Longus
N: posterior interosseous
A: extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint, extends MCP and carpometacarpal joints
O: middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor Digitorum
N: posterior interosseous n. (from deep branch of radial)
A: extends medial four digits primarily at MCP joints and secondarily at IP joints
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extensor expansions of medial four digits
Palmar Interossei
N: deep branch of ulnar
A: adducts digits, assists lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joint
O: 2, 4, 5 metacarpals
I: bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansion of 2, 4, 5
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
N: Recurrent Branch of Median N.
A: Abducts thumb, aids in opposition of thumb
O: Posterior surface of proximal ulna, radius and interosseuos membrane
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Flexor Digit Minimi
N: deep branch of ulnar
A: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Supinator
N: deep branch of radial
A: supinate a forearm
O: lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
I: proximal third of radius
Abductor Digiti Minimi
N: deep branch of ulnar
A: abducts 5th digit, assists in flexion of proximal phalanx
O: pisiform
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Abductor Pollicis Longus
N: Posterior interosseus N. from deep branch of radial
A: abduct thumb, extend thumb at carpometacarpal joint
O: posterior surface of proximal ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of 1st metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
N: deep branch of radial n.
A: extend and abduct hand
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
Supinator
N: deep branch of radial
A: supinate a forearm
O: lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
I: proximal third of radius
Extensor Digit Minimi
N: posterior interosseous n. (from deep branch of radial)
A: extends 5th digits at MCP joint and secondarily at IP joint
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extensor expansion of 5th digit
Opponens Pollicis
N: recurrent branch of median
A: draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially
O: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Lumbricals
N: 1, 2: median; 3, 4: ulnar
A: flex MCP joints, extend IP joint of 2-5 digits
O: 1-2: lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus; 3-4: medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
I: lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
N: radial n.
A: extend and abduct hand
O: lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpal
Dorsal Interossei
N: deep branch of ulnar n.
A: abduct 2nd-4th digits, aid lumbricals in flexing MCP joint and extending the IP joints
O: adjacent sides of two metacarpals
I: bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansion of 2nd-4th digits
Opponens Digiti
N: deep branch of ulnar
A: draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it for opposition
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: 5th metacarpal
Brachioradialis
N: radial
A: flex forearm
O: supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
I: distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
Adductor Pollicis
N: deep branch of ulnar n.
A: adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
O: oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate and adjacent carpals; transverse head: shaft of 3rd metacarpal
I: middle side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
N: posterior interosseous
A: extends proximal phalanx of thumb at MCP joint, extends carpometacarpal joint
O: distal third of radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Externsor Carpi Ulnaris
N: posterior interosseous n. (from deep branch of radial)
A: extend and adduct hand
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 5th metacarpal
Extensor Indicis
N: posterior interosseous
A: extends 2nd digit, aid in extension of hand
O: distal third of ulna, and interosseous membrane
I: extensor expansion of the 2nd digit
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
N: medial part: ulnar, lateral part: anterior interosseous (from medial nerve)
A: medial part: DIP joint for 4-5 digits, lateral part: DIP joint for 2-3 digits
O: ulna and interosseous membrane
I: medial part: bases of distal phalanges of 4-5 digits, lateral part: bases of distal phalanges of 2-3 digits
Flexor Pollicis Longus
N: anterior interosseous
A: flexes phalange of 1st digit
O: radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
Palmaris Longus
N: median
A: flex hand and tense aponeurosis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
Pronator Teres
N: median
A: pronates and flexes forearm
O: ulnar head: coracoid process humeral head: medial epicondyle
I: lateral surface of radius
Brachioradialis
N: radial
A: flex forearm
O: supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
I: distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
Flexor Carpi Radialis
N: median
A: flex and abducts hand
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 2nd metal carpal
Pronator Quadratus
N: anterior interosseous
A: pronates forearm
O: distal ulna
I: distal radius
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
N: ulnar
A: flexes and adducts hand
O: humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar head: olecranon
I: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
N: median
A: flex middle phalanges at PIP joint for medial 4 digits, acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at MCP joints
O: humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle radial head: anterior border of radius
I: shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
Transversospinalis
- semispinalis
- multifundus
- rotatores
N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: extend head and extend and contralaterally rotate cervical/thoracic regions of vertebral column
O: transverse processes
I: spinous processes of superior vertebrae, semispinalis spans 4-6 segments, multifundus spans 2-4 segments, rotatores span 1 or 2 segments
Splenius Capitis
N: dorsal rami of spinal nerve
A: unilateral: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles, bilateral: extend head and neck
O: nuchal ligament of spinous process of C7 to T3 or T4
I: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line
Erector Spinae
- illiocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis
N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: unilateral: laterally flex vertebral column ipsilaterally, bilateral: extend vertebral column and head
O: iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, sacral and lumbar spinous processes
I: illiocostalis: lumborum, thoracis, cervicis, fibers run to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes; longissimus: thoracis cervicis, Capitis, fibers run to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions , and to mastoid process of temporal bone; spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, Capitis, fibers run to spinous processes in the upper thoracic region and to cranium
Semispinalis Capitis
N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
A: extend head, extend and contralaterally rotate cervical/thoracic regions of vertebral column
O: transverse process of T1-7, C7 articular process of C4-6
I: occipital bone
Coracobrachialis
N: musculocutaneous
A: flex and adduct arm, resist shoulder dislocation
O: coracoid process
I: middle third of medial surface of humerus
Brachialis
N: musculocutaneous
A: flexes forearm
O: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: coracoid process and ulnar tuberosity
Triceps Brachii
N: radial
A: extend forearm and arm, long head resists dislocation of humerus during adduction
O: long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head - posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove, medial head - posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove
I: olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Pronator Teres
N: median
A: pronates and flexes forearm
O: ulnar head: coracoid process humeral head: medial epicondyle
I: lateral surface of radius
Biceps Brachii
N: musculocutaneous
A: supinate and flex forearm, short head resists dislocation
O: short head: coracoid process of scapula; long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Pectoralis Minor
N: medial pectoral
A: stabilize scapula, draw scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
Subscapularis
N: upper and lower subscapular nerve
A: medially rotates arm, acts with the rotator cuff
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Subclavius
N: nerve to subclavius
A: anchors and depresses clavicle
O: 1st rib and first costal cartilage
I: middle third of clavicle
Subscapularis
N: upper and lower subscapular nerve
A: medially rotates arm, acts with the rotator cuff
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Serratus Anterior
N: long thoracic
A: protract and rotate scapula
O: ribs 1-8
I: anterior surface of medial scapula
Pectoralis Major
N: lateral and medial pectoral
A: adducts and medially rotates humerus, clavicular head: flex humerus, sternocostal head: extend humerus from flexed position
O: clavicular head: medial half of clavicle, sternocostal head: sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique
I: lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
Pectoralis Minor
N: medial pectoral
A: stabilize scapula, draw scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
Serratus Anterior
N: long thoracic
A: protract and rotate scapula
O: ribs 1-8
I: anterior surface of medial scapula
Pectoralis Major
N: lateral and medial pectoral
A: adducts and medially rotates humerus, clavicular head: flex humerus, sternocostal head: extend humerus from flexed position
O: clavicular head: medial half of clavicle, sternocostal head: sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique
I: lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
Subclavius
N: nerve to subclavius
A: anchors and depresses clavicle
O: 1st rib and first costal cartilage
I: middle third of clavicle
Infraspinatus
N: super scapular
A: laterally rotates arm; acts with rotator cuff
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Trapezius
N: spinal accessory CN 11, C3 and anterior rami
A: descending - elevates, ascending - depresses, middle - retracts scapula, all rotate glenoid superiorly
O: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12
I: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Deltoid
N: axillary
A: anterior - flex and medially rotate arm, middle - abduct arm, posterior - extend and laterally rotate arm
O: clavicle, acromion and spine do the scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Rhomboid Major
N: dorsal scapular
A: retract scapula, rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity
O: spinous process of T2-T5
I: medial border of scapula
Teres Major
N: lower subscapular
A: adducts and medially rotates arm
O: inferior angle of scapula
I: intertubercular groove
Latissimus Dorsi
N: thoracodorsal
A: extend, addict, medially rotate, raises body toward arms during climbing
O: spinous process of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, 9-12 ribs
I: inter tubercular groove of humerus
Serratus Anterior
N: long thoracic
A: protract and rotate scapula
O: ribs 1-8
I: anterior surface of medial scapula
Supraspinatus
N: suprascapular
A: initiates abduction of arm first 15*, acts with rotator cuff muscles
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Rhomboid Minor
N: dorsal scapular
A: retract scapula, rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity
O: nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T1
Levator Scapulae
N: dorsal scapular
A: elevate scapula, tilt glenoid cavity inferiority, incline neck to the same side
O: transverse processes C1-C4
I: medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine
Triceps Brachii
N: radial
A: extend forearm and arm, long head resists dislocation of humerus during adduction
O: long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head - posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove, medial head - posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove
I: olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Teres Minor
N: axillary
A: laterally rotates arm, acts with rotator cuff muscles
O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
