Anatomy Prac 1 - Planes & Bones Flashcards
Define Coronal/Frontal Plane.
Plane that cuts the body vertically into Anterior (front) & Posterior (back) portions.
Define Axial/Transverse Plane.
Cuts the body horizontally into Superior (upper) & Inferior (lower) portions.
Define Sagittal/Midsagittal plane.
Cuts the body vertically into Left & Right halves
What is the bone that makes the back of the orbit?
(Greater wing) Sphenoid B.
What are the 2 bones (in order) btw sphenoid B -> Nasal bone?
Ethmoid B. & Lacrimal B. -> nasal b.
What is the hole in the Sphenoid bone (at back of orbit)?
Optical Canal
What is the slit in the sphenoid bone?
Superior orbital fissue (.. inferior orbital fissue lies on floor of orbit)
Moving from the Temporal b. (anteriorly) towards the Zygomatic b. what are the structures lying in btw?
Zygomatic process i.e. “Zygoma” (temporal b) -> Temporal process of (zygomatic b.) -> zygomatic b.
What 2 bones divide the nasal septum, which is Superior & inferior respect?
Ethmoid b. - perpendicular plate (lies superior),
Vomer b. (lies inferior)
What is the region of the mandible that lies just superior to the teeth?
Alveolar process (mandible)
What process lies medial to the Zygomatic b. & lateral to the maxilla?
Zygomatic process (containing Infra-orbital foreman)
What structure lies in the centre of the Mandible (lower jaw)?
Mental Protuberance
Where is the Coronoid process?
1 of 2 mandibular processes (lies anteriorly)
What process lies posteriorly to the Coronoid process?
Condylar process (of mandible) -> Neck of Cond. Pr & Head of Cond. Pr.
Name the structure that lies posterior to the Condylar Proc. (head) and External Acousitc Meatus
Mastoid Process.
What structure can be palpated at the back of the Occipital b?
External Occipital Protuberance (EOP)
What are the 2 horizontal grooves/ridges that lie on either side of the EOP?
- Superior Nuchal Line (either side of EOP)
2. Inferior Nuchal Line (below EOP)
What hole lies in the Mandible (body)?
Mental Foreman
What is the free-floating structure below the Mandible?
Hyoid B.
What are the aspects of the Hyoid B. lie closest posteriorly (closest to c. vertebrae)
Greater Hyoid (Superior) & Greater Horn (middle), Lesser Hyoid (most inferior)
Name the aspects of the Hyoid b. that lie anteriorly (furthest from vertebrae)
Lesser Horn (superior) & Hyoid: Body (inferior)
What hole lies above the mastoid process?
Mastoid Foreman
What is the name of the 1st cervical vertebrae (which skull rests on)?
Atlas
If you were to look into the nasal septum.. what are the names of the spaces lying on the lateral walls?
Middle Nasal Concha (ethmoid b.) lies superior & Inferior Nasal Concha (ethmoid b.) lies below
What hole lies on the posterior aspect of the Parietal b?
Parietal Foreman
The most lateral process of the Atlas is the ‘Transverse Process’.. name 2 other aspects moving medially.
Lateral mass (bulk of vertebra), Posterior arch, & Posterior Tubercle (tip of the process and anal. to spinal proc)
What is the name of the 2nd cerv. vertebrae (and what hole goes through the Transverse process?)
Axis. Foreman Transversarium (hole going through tran. process).
What is the name for the neck of the Axis (coming off the body).
Lamina
What is the name of the process protruding posteriorly?
Bifid Spinous Process
Name the diff. aspects of the clavicle.
Superior surface (top) Anterior aspect (front) Inferior surface (bottom)
What aspect of the clavicle articulates with the Manubrium Sterni?
Articular faucet at the Sternal End (Clavicle)
What structure on the scapula does the clavicle articulate with?
Acromion
Moving from the 1st thoracic Vertebra and travelling towards the Manumbrium are the following structures: Head, Neck, & Shaft of 1st Rib. What are the grooves in the 1st rib (inferior to clavicle) and moving medially?
Groove for Subclavian Vein -> Scalene Tubercle -> Groove for Subclavian A.
Describe the anterior surface of the Scapula.
Lateral border -> inferior angle -> medial border -> superior angle -> superior border.
What is the centre of the Anterior aspect of the Scapula called?
Subscapular fossa
Name the structure along the Superior border of the Scapula which the clavicle lies in.
Suprascapular notch
What structure does the Humerus articulate with?
Glenoid cavity (fossa) of Scapula
Name the Scapular process that protrudes anteriorly (and inferiorly to clavicle).
Coracoid process
Name the posterior aspect of the scapula.
Infraspinous Fossa
Where does the Supraspinous Fossa lie?
Above the spine of the Scapula - medially.
What structure runs horizontally towards the Acromion Process?
Spine of Scapula
What makes up the “Pectoral Girdle”?
Clavicle & Scapula
What is the groove in the neck of the Glenoid?
Spinoglenoid notch
What bone forms the arm?
Humerus
What bones comprise the forearm?
Radius & Ulna
Name 3 different types of hip joints.
- Sacroiliac joint (b/w sacrum + ilium)
- Sacrococcygeal joint (b/w sacrum + coccyx
- Pubic Symphysis (b/w two pubis bodies)
What is the joint btw the femur and acetabulum? What’s its function?
Acetabulofemoral Joint. (Type = “ball and socket”)
Purpose is to support the weight of the body during both static and dynamic mvmt.
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid b. (ie. a bone that forms within a tendon/ligament/or joint capsule)
What bones form the knee joint?
Femur, Tibia & Patella ( Fibula is NOT part of knee joint)
What bones form the elbow joint?
Humerus, Radius & Ulna
The trunk comprises of what 3 structures/areas?
Thorax/ Abdomen/ & Pelvis
What type of ribs are the 11th and 12th considered?
“Floating Ribs” (as they don’t attach to the Sternum directly OR indirectly) Rib 10 can be attached OR floating
What structures make up the boundaries of the Femoral Triangle?
Inguinal Ligament (superior border),
Sartorius m. (lateral border/boundary),
Adductor Longus m. (Medial border)
What are the structures of the Femoral Triangle (lateral -> medial)?
Femoral N., Femoral A. Femoral V. & Lymph Nodes (ie N.A.V.eL)
What is the Costal Margin?
Is the space in btw the bottom edge of the rib cage?
What are the structures that comprise the Sternum?
Manubrium (superior portion) & Body of Sternum (lower component)
The Manubriosternal junction is also known as:
“Sternal Angle” (junction b/w Manub. & Stern Body)
What is the ‘eponym’ (name of something named after a person) for the Sternal Angle?
‘Angle of Louis’
