Anatomy Position Flashcards
Anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs
Abdominal
Anterior body
Region of the breastbone
Sternal
Anterior
Breast of the region
Mammary
Anterior
Mouth
Oral
Anterior Nose
Nasal
Anterior
Bony or eye socket
Orbital
Anterior
Head
Frontal
Anterior
Cheek
Buccal
Anterior knee (kneecap) region
Patellar
Anterior
Groin area
Inguinal
Anterior
Hand
Manus
Anterior
Fingers or toes
Digital
Anterior
Chest
Thoracic
Anterior
Ankle
Tarsal
Anterior
Navel
Umbilical
Genital region
Anterior
Pubic
Pelvis region
Anterior
Pelvic
Thigh
Anterior
Femoral
Hip
Anterior
Coxal
Side of the leg
Anterior
Fibular
Wrist
Anterior
Carpal
Arm
Anterior Brachial
Neck region
Anterior Cervical
Posterior (back-dorsal)body landmarks
Cephalic
Femoral
Fibular
Gluteal
Lumbar
Occipital
Sacral
Scapular
Sural
Vertebral
The head
Posterior cephalic
The thigh
Posterior Femoral
The side of the leg
Posterior fibular
Buttocks of the leg
Posterior gluteal
Area of the back between ribs and hips; loin
Posterior lumbar
Posterior aspects of the head or base of the skull
Posterior occipital
Area between hip
Posterior sacral
Scapula or shoulder blade area
Posterior
Scapular
Calf or posterior area surface of the leg
Posterior Sural
Area of spinal column
Posterior vertabral
Above/below
These terms refer to placement of a structure along the long axis of the body.
-always appears above the structure
-always appears below the structure
Superior/ inferior
(front/back)
-are those that are most forward
(The face,chest and abdomen)
-are those toward the back side of the body
(Spine is posterior to the heart)
Anterior/ posterior
(toward the midline/away from the midline or median plane)
-Strenum is ____ to the ribs
-the ear is _____ to the nose
Medial/lateral
When the section is made through the body wall or through an organ it is made along in an imaginary surface or line
Plane
Anatomists commonly refer to three plane
Sagittal plane
Frontal plane
Transverse plane
runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts.
Sagittal plane
If it divides the body into equal parts right down the midline of the body it is called
Median or midsagittal plane
Sometimes called a coronal plane.
Is a longitudinal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts
Frontal plane
Body cavities
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity
Abdominopelvic quadrants region
Umbilical regions
It consists of the cranial and spinal cavities
Dorsal body cavity
With the rigid skull, contains the brain,
Cranial cavity
Which run within the bony vertebral column protects the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
Is a continuation of the brain and the cavities containing them are continuous with each other
Spinal cord
___ is subdivided
Ventral cavity
Separated from the vest of the ventral cavity by the muscular diapgrahm
Superior Thoracic cavity
Heart and lungs located at _____
Are protected by
Thoracic cavity
Rib cage
The inferior to the diaphragm is the
Abdominal cavity
The area houses the stomach is ______,_____,_____ and the inferior pelvic cavity which is partially enclosed by the bony pelvis and contains the ____,_____,______
-Intestine,liver and the other organs
-reproductive organs, bladder and rectum.
Pelvic cavity tips away from the abdominal cavity in
Posterior direction
Quite large and contains many organs so it is helpful to divide it up into smaller areas to study
Abdominopelvic cavity
Four approximately equal regions
Quadrants
Four approximately equal regions is
Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant
Dorsal cavity (back) (posterior)
Cranial (contains brain)
Spinal cavity (contains spinal cord)
Ventral body cavity
Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs)
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera)
Pelvic cavity (contains urinary,bladder, reproductive organs and rectum)
The center most region which includes the umbilicus (navel)
Umbilical region
Immediately inferior to the umbilical region; encompasses the pubic area
Hypogastric (pubic) region
Lateral to the hypogastric region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones
Iliac or inguinal regions
Between the ribs and the flaring portion of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region
Lumbar region
Flanking the epigastric region laterally and overlying the lower ribs
Hypochondriac regions
ORGAN SYSTEM
Integumentary (skin)
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic/immunity
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its part and their relationship to one another
ANATOMY
Is the study of how the body and its part work or function nature
PHYSIOLOGY
External covering body or skin.
Integumentary system
Consists of bine cartilage,ligament and joint
Skeletal system
The muscles of the body have only one function to contract or shorten
Muscular system
Is the body fast acting control system. It consists of the brain spinal cord nerves and sensory receptors
Nervous system
Control body activities but it acts much more slowly
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Primary organs
Cardiovascular system
Complements that of the cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Is to keep the body constantly supplied with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
Basically a tube running through the body from mouth to anus
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The body produces wasted as by products of its normal functions and these wastes must be disposed of
Urinary system
Exists primarily to produce offspring.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Take the nutrients break them down and eliminate unabsorbed matter
Digestive system
Integumentary system located
Skin,hair,nails
Skeletal system located
Bones
Cartilage
Joints
Ligaments
Muscular system location
Skeletal system,facial expression,locomotion
Nervous system located
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sensory receptors
Endocrine system located
Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,adrenals,thymus,pancreas
Cardiovascular located
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Lymphatic system
Thoracic duct
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM located
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Left lung
Digestive system located
Oral cavity
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
Rectum
Anus
Urinary system located
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Reproductive system located
Male- seminal vesicles, penis,prostate gland, Vas deferens,Testis,scrotum
Female- mammary glands, uterine tube,ovary,uterus,vagina.
Toward the head end of the upper part of a structure or the body above
Superior ( cranial or cephalad)
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body;below
Inferior (caudal)
Toward or at the front of the body ;infront of
Ventral (anterior)
Toward or at the front of the body; behind
Dorsal (posterior)
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
Medial
Away from the midline of the body ; on the inner side of
Lateral
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Intermediate
Close to origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
PROXIMAL
Farther from the origin of a part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunck
DISTAL
Toward or at the body surface
Superficial (external)
Away from the body surface; more internal
Deep (internal)
When the section is made through the body wall or through an organ it is made along an imaginary line
PLANE
Right upper quadrant (R.U.Q)
Liver
Left upper quadrant (L.U.Q)
Large and small intestine
Right lower quadrant
Diaphragm,stomach
Left lower quadrant (L.L.Q)
Urinary bladder
RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIA REGION(R.H.C.R)
Liver right lobe
Gall bladder
EPIGASTRIC REGION (E.R)
Liver,stomach,spleen,adrenal glands and pancreas
LEFT HYPOCHONDRIA REGION (LH.C.R)
Spleen,stomach, left kidney,liver’s tip,pancreas,large/small intestine,diaphragm
RIGHT LUMBAR REGION (R.L.R)
Ascending colon
Small intestine
UMBILICAL REGION (U.R)
Small intestine
Transverse colon
Duodenum
LEFT LUMBAR REGION (L.L.R)
Descending colon
Small intestine
Left kidney
RIGHT ILIAC REGION (L.I.R)
APPendix
Cecum
Ascending colon
Small intestine
HYPOGASTRIC REGION (HG.R)
Bladder,sigmoid colon,small intestine, reproductive organs
LEFT ILIAC REGION (L.I.R)
SIGMOID COLON
DESCENDING COLON
SMALL INTESTINE
Contains brain
Cranial cavity
Contains spinal cord
Spinal cavity
Contains thoracic cavity
Lungs,
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Contain stomach,liver intestine
Abdominal cavity
Reproductive organs
Pelvic cavity
Are the structural units of all living things from one-celled “generalists” like amoebas to complex multicellular organisms such as human
CELLS
Cell research has been exceptionally fruitful and provided us with four concepts collectively known
Cell theory
All cells have three main regions or parts, nucleus,cytoplasm and plasma membrane
Generalized cell
For cells “headquarters” or the control center is the gene-containing
Nucleus
The nucleus has 3 recognizable regions or structures
Nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleoli
Nucleus is bounded a double membrane barrier
Nuclear envelope
-Nuclear membrane enclose a jelly like fluid
-which other nuclear elements are suspended
Nucleusplasm
Nucleus contain one or more small,dark staining, essentialoy round bodies
Nucleoli
When the cell is not diving its DNA is combined with protein and forms a loose network of bumpy threads
Chromatin
When a cell is dividing to form two daughter cells, the chromatin threads coil and condense to form dense, rodlike bodies
Chromosomes
A fragile transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment.
Plasma membrane
Structure of the plasma membrane consists __________ in which protein molecules float
Two lipid (fat)
Layers arranged “tail to tail”
The protein some of which are free to move from constantly changing
Pattern or mosaic
Lipid portion
Phospholipids
The polar “heads” of the lollipop shaped phospholipid molecules
Hydrophilic (water loving)
Nonpolar tails
Hydrophobic (water hating”
Cellular material outside the nucleus and inside plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements
Cytosol
Described in detail shortly are the metabolic machinery of the cell
Organelles
Chemical substances that may or may not be present depending on the specific cell type
Inclusions
Literally “little organs” are specialized cellular compartments each performing its own job to maintain the life of the cell
Cytoplasmic organelles
Much of this energy escapes as heat but some is captured and used to form
ATP MOLECULES
Are tiny bilobed dark bodies made of proteins and one variety of RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Network within the cytoplasm (ER) IS A system of fluid filled cisterns (tubules,or canals) that coil and twist through cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Because it is studded with ribosomes
Rough ER
Where they fold Into their functional three-dimensional shapes and then are dispatched to other areas of the cell
Transport vesicles
Communicates with the rough variety it plays no role in protein synthesis.
SMOOTH ER
-appears as a stack of flattened membranous sacs associated with swarms of tiny vesicles.
Golgi apparatus
Swollen ends filled with protein pinch off and form
Secretory vesicles
-Breakdown bodies which appear in different sizes are membranous “bags” containing powerful digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
To detoxify a number of harmful or poisonous substances
PERIXOSOMES
Network Of protein structures extends throughout the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Help form desmosomes and provide internal guy wires to resist pullig forces on the cell
Intermediate filaments
Determine the overall shape of cells and distribution of organelles
Microtubules
They are rod-shaped bodies that lie at right angles to each other
Centrioles
Whiplike cellular extension that move substances along the cell surface
Cilia
If the projection formed by centrioles are substantially longer
Flagellated
Are tiny,fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface
Microvilli
Cells that connect body parts
Fibroblast- elongated shape
Erythrocyte (red blood cell)- carries oxygen in the bloodstream
Cell that covers and lines body organs
Epithelial cell- hexagonal shape exactly like beehive
Collectively the nucleoplasm and the cytosol
Intracellular fluid
The fluid that continuously bathes the exterior of our cells
Interstitial fluid
Forms the cushionlike disk between the vertebrae of the spinal column
Fibrocartilage
Found in structures with elasticity
Elastic cartilage
Has collagen fibers as its main matrix element
Dense fibrous tissue
Attach skeletal muscles to bones
Tendons
Connect bone to bones at joints
Ligaments
The most widely distributed connective tissue variety in the body is a soft pliable cobwebby tissue that cushions and protects the body organs
Areolar tissue
Commonly called fat.
Adipose tissue
Insulates the body and protects it from bumps and extremes of both heat and cold
Adipose tissue
Consists of a delicate network of interwoven reticular fibers associated
Reticular cells
Considered a connective tissue because it consists of blood cells surrounded by nonliving,fluid matrix
Blood plasma
Tissue is package by connective tissue sheets into organs which can be controlled voluntarily
Skeletal muscles
-Involuntary
-found only in heart
Cardiac muscle
-Involuntary
-because no striations are visible
Smooth muscle
All neurons receive and conduct electrochemical impulse from one part of the body to another
Irritability
Conductivity
Immediately superior to the umbilical region; overlies most of the stomach
EPIGASTRIC REGION
Immediately inferior to the umbilical region ; encompasses the Pubic area
Hypogastric region
Lateral to hypogastric region and overlying the superior part of the hip bones.
iliac (inguinal) region
Between the ribs and the flaring portions of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region
LUMBAR REGIONS
Flanking the EPIGASTRIC region laterally and overlying the lower ribs
HYPOCHONDRIAC
