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Vascular Technology Review > Anatomy, Physiology & Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Anatomy, Physiology & Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

The first major arterial branch of the aorta is the

a) Right common carotid artery
b) the left common carotid artery
c) the right subclavian artery
d) the innominate artery
e) the left subclavian artery

A

D) innominate artery- aka brachiocephalic trunk

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2
Q

Which of the following arteries does not arise from the subclavian artery?

a) vertebral
b) superior thyroid
c) internal thoracic
d) thyrocervical trunk
e) internal mammary

A

b- superior thyroid

(internal mammary and is another name for the internal thoracic artery

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3
Q

The angular artery is the terminal part of the:

a) supraorbital artery
b) infraorbital artery
c) superficial temporal artery
d) transverse facial artery
e) facial artery

A

e) facial artery

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4
Q

The arterial pulsations felt in the front of the ear and just above the zygomatic arch are from which artery?

a) maxillary
b) transverse facial
c) superficial temporal
d) facial
e) occiptal

A

C) superficial temporal

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5
Q

The common carotid artery divides into its external and internal branches usually at the level of the upper border of the

a) hyoid
b) cricoid
c) thyroid cartilage
d) cricohyroid membrane
e) carina

A

c) thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

What artery is usually the first branch if the external carotid artery

a) inferior thyroid artery
b) superior thyroid artery
c) supraclavicular artery
d) facial artery
e) posterior auricular artery

A

b) superior thyroid artery

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7
Q

Which of the following is not an artery in the circle of willis

a) anterior cerebral artery
b) middle cerebral artery
c) anterior communicating artery
d) middle communicating artery
e) posterior communicating artery

A

d) middle communicating artery

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8
Q

Which of the following arteries arises from the external carotid artery

a) superior thyroid artery
b) lingual artery
c) facial artery
d) ascending pharyngeal artery
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

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9
Q

The prominence of the larynx is formed by the

a) hyoid bone
b) thyroid cartilage
c) cricoid cartilage
d) thyroid gland
e) greater cornu

A

b) thyroid cartilage

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10
Q

The vertebral artery usually arises from the

a) subclavian artery
b) thyrocervical trunk
c) costocervical trunk
d) superior thyroid artery
e) dorsal scapular artery

A

a) subclavian artery

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11
Q

The infraorbital artery is a terminal branch of the

a) maxillary artery
b) facial artery
c) inferior alveolar artery
d) transverse facial artery
e) superficial temporal artery

A

A) maxillary artery

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12
Q

The vertebral arteries branch from the subclavian arteries to unite and form the

a) ophthalmic artery
b) anterior cervical artery
c) basilar artery
d) superficial temporal artery
e) posterior communicating artery

A

C) basilar artery

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13
Q

The first intracranial branch of the internal carotid artery is the:

a) superficial temporal artery
b) frontal artery
c) infraorbital artery
d) ophthmalic artery
e) middle cerebral artery

A

d) ophthalmic artery

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14
Q

The circle of Willis receives it’s blood supply from which combination of arteries?

a) internal and external carotid arteries
b) subclavian and vertebral arteries
c) posterior and vertebral arteries
d) carotid and vertebral arteries
e) right and left vertebral arteries

A

d) carotid and vertebral arteries

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15
Q

The 3 terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery are the:

a) superficial, facial, and frontal arteries
b) nasal, frontal, and supraorbital arteries
c) basilar, anterior communicating, and posterior communicating arteries
d) vertebral, facial, and nasal arteries
e) nasal, frontal, and facial arteries

A

b) nasal, frontal, and supraorbital arteries

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16
Q

2 of the major branches of the external carotid arteries include the:

a) supraorbital and frontal arteries
b) internal maxillary and ophthalmic arteries
c) superficial temporal and facial arteries
d) vertebral and internal maxillary arteries
e) supraorbital and middle cerebral arteries

A

c) superficial temporal and facial arteries

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17
Q

Intracranial potential collateral arteries include all but the following:

a) anterior communicating artery
b) posterior communicating artery
c) superficial temporal artery
d) leptomeningeal pathways
e) rete mirable

A

c) superficial temporal artery

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18
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding the internal carotid artery

a) Its first major branch is the ophthalmic artery
b) It supplies a high-resistance system
c) It supplies a low-resistance system
d) It is party of the anterior cerebral system
e) It originates at the carotid bifurcation

A

b) it supplies a high-resistance system

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19
Q

The 2 arteries creating the bidirectional signal observed 60 to 65 mm deep during transcranial insonation of the temporal window are the

a) posterior cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries
b) right and left vertebral arteries
c) middle cerebral and posterior cerebral arteries
d) middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries
e) right ( or left) vertebral and right (or left) posterior inferior cerebral arteries

A

d) middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries

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20
Q

What is the most common anomaly of the circle of Willis

a) absence of one of the middle cerebral arteries
b) duplication of the posterior communicating arteries
c) hypoplasia of the proximal segment of one of the anterior cerebral arteries
d) absence or hypoplasia of one or both of the communicating arteries
e) duplication of the middle cerebral arteries

A

d) absence or hypoplasia of one or both of the communicating arteries

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21
Q

Helical flow with flow separation in the posterolateral aspect of teh carotid bulb is a sign of

a) normal flow dynamics
b) thrombosis
c) dissection
d) stenosis
e) intraplaque hemorrhage

A

a) normal flow dynamics

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22
Q

The most common anatomic variant of the aortic arch is:

a) a common origin of the innominate and left common carotid arteries
b) origin of the left vertebral artery from the aortic arch
c) origin of the right subclavian artery from the aortic arch
d) origin of the right common carotid artery from the aortic arch
e) duplicate of the subclavian arteries

A

a) A common origin of the innominate and left common carotid arteries

23
Q

The great saphenous vein:

a) originates along the medial dorsum of the foot
b) passes superiorly, anterior to the medial malleolus
c) is accompanied by the saphenous nerve
d) receives tributaries from all surfaces of the lower extremity
e) all are correct

A

e) all are correct

24
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the great saphenous vein:

a) it passes superiorly on the lateral side of the knee
b) it passes superiorly on the medial side of the thigh
c) it enters the common femoral vein
d) it extends distally to the dorsum of the foot
e) it has more valves in the calf than in the thigh

A

a) it passe superiorly on the lateral side of the knee

25
Q

The superficial vein that sends flow to the 3 main perforating veins of the distal calf is called:

a) small saphenous vein
b) posterior accessory vein
c) peroneal vein
d) perforator trunk vein
e) medial malleolar vein

A

b) posterior accessory vein

26
Q

The paratibial perforating vein (formerly Boyd’s perforator) are located:

a) in the lower calf
b) in the distal thigh
c) in the proximal thigh
d) on the dorsum of the foot
e) below the knee

A

e) below the knee

27
Q

The left common iliac vein

a) crosses anterior to the left common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation
b) crosses anterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation
c) crosses posterior to the left common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation
d) crosses posterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation
e) does not cross either common iliac artery

A

d) crosses posterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation

28
Q

The brachial vein connects the:

a) ulnar and radial veins to the axillary vein
b) ulnar and radial veins to the subclavian vein
c) ulnar vein to the cephalic vein
d) radial vein to the subclavian vein
e) radial vein an the axillary vein

A

a) ulnar and radial veins to the axillary vein

29
Q

Of the following vein segments, which is imaged LEAST commonly?

a) distal femoral artery
b) proximal deep femoral vein
c) distal deep femoral vein
d) distal popliteal vein
e) common femoral vein

A

c) distal deep femoral vein

30
Q

The popliteal trifurcation is actually a double bifurcation; select the pairs forming these 2 bifurcations

a) posterior tibial and tibioperoneal trunk; then anterior tibial and peroneal
b) peroneal and tibioperoneal trunk; then posterior and anterior tibials
c) anterior tibial and popliteal; then posterior tibial and peroneal
d) posterior tibial and popliteal; then anterior tibial and peroneal
e) anterior tibial and tiboperoneal trunk; then posterior tibial and peroneal

A

e) anterior tibial and tiboperoneal trunk; then posterior tibial and peroneal

31
Q

The axillary artery connects the

a) radial and ulnar artery
b) ulnar to the brachial artery
c) brachial artery to the radial artery
d) radial to the subclavian artery
e) brachial artery to the subclavian artery

A

e) brachial artery to the subclavian artery

32
Q

The great vessels arising from the aortic arch include all of the following except the

a) innominate artery
b) right subclavian artery
c) left cca
d) left subclavian artery
e) all arise from the aortic arch

A

b) right subclavian artery

33
Q

At the inguinal ligament, the external iliac artery becomes the:

a) internal iliac artery
b) profunda femoral artery
c) common femoral artery
d) superficial femoral artery
e) common iliac artery

A

c) common femoral artery

34
Q

This vessel courses along the medial aspect of the psoas muscle

a) femoral artery
b) internal iliac artery
c) external iliac artery
d) inferior mesenteric artery
e) none of the above

A

c) external iliac artery

35
Q

the renal arteries arise from the aorta:

a) laterally
b) inferior to the inferior mesenteric artery
c) posteriorly
d) superiorly to the superior mesenteric artery
e) anteriorly

A

a) laterally

36
Q

Because of the location of the IVC, the left renal vein:

a) crosses anterior to the aorta inferior to the left renal vein
b) crosses posterior to the aorta proximal to the renal artery
c) crosses posterior to the aorta distal to the renal artery
d) does not cross the aorta
e) is displaced superior to the origin of the celiac axis

A

a) crosses anterior to the aorta inferior to the left renal vein

37
Q

In a cross section of the aorta and surrounding regions, the vein that is visualized superficial to the aorta and the origins of the right and left renal arteries and keep to the superior mesenteric artery is the:

a) superior mesenteric vein
b) right renal vein
c) left renal vein
d) inferior mesenteric vein
e) celiac vein

A

c) left renal vein

38
Q

The superior mesenteric artery typically originates from the

a) aorta between the celiac trunk and the renal arteries
b) common mesenteric trunk or axis
c) aorta inferior to the renal arteries
d) aorta superior to the celiac trunk
e) celiac trunk

A

a) aorta between the celiac trunk and the renal arteries

39
Q

The superior vena cava is formed by the junction of the

a) IVC and right innominate vein
b) innominate and right subclavian veins
c) innominte and left subclavian veins
d) right and left brachiocephalic veins
e) right and left subclavian veins

A

d) right and left brachiocephalic veins

40
Q

The portal vein is formed by the junction of the

a) superior mesenteric and colic veins
b) inferior mesenteric and splenic veins
c) superior mesenteric and splenic veins
d) right and left hepatic veins
e) right and left portal veins

A

c) superior mesenteric and splenic veins

41
Q

A useful landmark for locating the renal arteries is teh

a) superior mesenteric artery
b) right renal vein
c) celiac axis
d) common hepatic artery
e) inferior mesenteric artery

A

a) superior mesenteric artery

42
Q

The splenic, common hepatic, and left gastric arteries arise form this abdominal artery:

a) inferior mesenteric artery
b) proper hepatic artery
c) superior mesenteric artery
d) celiac trunk
e) they are not branches of the same artery

A

d) celiac trunk

43
Q

The most common anatomic variation of the renal arteries is:

a) congenital absence of one main renal artery
b) multiple renal arteries
c) anterocaval course of right renal artery
d) retroaortic renal artery
e) coarctation of the renal artery

A

b) multiple renal arteries

44
Q

Which artery supplies the small intestine, right colon, and transverse colon?

a) inferior mesenteric
b) superior mesenteric
c) left gastric
d) right gastric
e) gastroduodenal

A

b) superior mesenteric

45
Q

Another name for the hypogastric artery is

a) external iliac artery
b) gastroduodenal artery
c) hepatic artery
d) internal iliac artery
e) celiac artery

A

d) internal iliac artery

46
Q

Which artery is the left branch of the celiac trunk?

a) splenic artery
b) hepatic artery
c) left gastric artery
d) gastroduodenal artery
e) the relative size of the branches varies too widely to say with certainty

A

a) splenic artery

47
Q

What is the name of the tiny intrarenal branches that arise from the interlobar arteries at right angles and course above the renal pyramids?

a) arcuate arteries
b) segmental arteries
c) interlobar arteries
d) capsular arteries
e) intralobular arteries

A

a) arcuate arteries

48
Q

The smallest vessels in the body are:

a) arterioles
b) venules
c) capillaries
d) intimas
e) adventitias

A

c) capillaries

49
Q

The term tunica adventitia denotes:

a) the inner lining of the arterial wall
b) the outer lining of the arterial wall
c) transverse arterial muscle fibers
d) the intimal wall
e) the middle layer of the arterial wall

A

b) the outer lining of the arterial wall

50
Q

The term tunica intima denotes

a) the inner lining of the arterial wall
b) the outer lining of the arterial wall
c) transverse arterial muscle fibers
d) longitudinal muscle fibers
e) the middle layer of the arterial wall

A

a) the inner lining of the arterial wall

51
Q

The blood supply to vascular tissue is provided by:

a) media perforators
b) vasa vasorum
c) osmosis across the intima only
d) septal capillary networks
e) tunica vasum

A

b) vasa vasorum

52
Q

The layer of arterial or venous wall composed entirely of endothelial cells is the

a) tunica adventitia
b) tunica media
c) tunica intima
d) no layer is composed of only one type of tissue
e) each layer is composed entirely of endothelial tissue

A

c) tunica intima

53
Q

Regarding capillaries, which is FALSE?

a) they have only intima and adventitia layers
b) they measure approximately 8 microns in diameter
c) the transit time of blood through capillaries is approximately one to three seconds
d) they lose fluid at the arteriolar end
e) they resorb fluid at the venular bed

A

a) they have only intima and adventitia layers

54
Q

A venule contains which vessel layers?

a) tunica adventitia, tunica media, and tunica intima
b) tunica adventitia, and tunica media
c) tunica adventitia, and tunica intima
d) tunica media and tunica adventitia

A

c) tunica adventitia, and tunica intima

Vascular Technology Review (2 decks)

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