Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology Flashcards
what is matter?
chemical elements, substances that can’t be broken down into anything smaller. This is designated by a chemical symbol.
Main elements in the body?
- 65% oxygen
- 18.5% carbon
- 9.3% hydrogen
- 3.2% nitrogen
what does potassium regulate?
cardiac function and cardiac arrythmia
what do enzymes do?
Speed up chemical reactions
What is DNA and its main function?
double helix, primary chemical gene. Its main function is to carry out instructions encoded in the DNA for protein synthesis.
What is ATP?
ATP is an energy transferring molecule, that reabsorbs glucose, and the glucose is filtered out of the kidneys.
What happens when ATP transfers energy?
it is decomposed by Hydrolysis into ADP and P. ATP breaks down to make energy.
What is diffusion?
The movement of air from a high concentration to a low concentration. Until equilibrium is met.
what is simple diffusion?
where lipid soluble substances move through lipid bi layers.
What is facilitated diffusion?
where substances can only cross with the assistance of ion carriers and channels.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from a high to low concentration, it has a selectively permeable
membrane.
What does active transport do and how is it done?
lets Na+ (sodium) into the cell and K+(potassium) out the cell. This is done through a membrane protein, depending on the concentration gradient.
what is endocytosis and how can this be done?
the transport in vessels, this can be done by Phagocytosis where it is engulfed, or bulk phase endocytosis which is the movement of fluid into a cell by infolding of the plasma membrane.
What is exocytosis?
the movement of substances out of a cell in secretory vessels that fuse with the plasma membrane to release the content into extracellular fluid.
What is homeostasis and what does an imbalance mean?
where there is balance in the body, this is maintained by active transport. An imbalance in homeostasis could mean disease
