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Biology > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Itis

A

Inflammation e.g tonsillitis, appendicitis

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2
Q

Ulum

A

Small/little e.g reticulum, capitulum

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3
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides the body into the back and the front and is also known as the coronal plane.

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4
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body along its axis, creating a lower and upper body

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5
Q

Median plane

A

Also known as the sagittal plane and divides the body equally into left and right.

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6
Q

Cyto

A

To do with the cell e.g cytoplasm, cytotoxic etc.

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7
Q

Superior

A

Towards the top/higher up the body e.g shoulder is superior to the wrist.

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8
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the bottom/lower down the body e.g wrist is inferior to the shoulder.

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9
Q

Cranial

A

Towards/closer to the head.

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10
Q

Chordal

A

Towards/closer to the tail.

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11
Q

Anterior

A

Closer to the front of the body.

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Closer to the back of the body.

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13
Q

Dorsal

A

Closer to the back.

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14
Q

Ventral

A

Closer to the abdomen.

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Closer/towards to the midline.

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16
Q

Medial

A

Away/further from the midline.

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17
Q

Distal

A

Closer to trunk/attachment site.

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18
Q

Proximal

A

Further from the trunk/attachment site.

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19
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of limbs away from body/midline.

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20
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of limbs towards body/midline.

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21
Q

Pronation

A

Having palms of the hands facing downwards.

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22
Q

Supination

A

Having the palms of the hands facing upwards.

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23
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of a limb.

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24
Q

Flexion

A

Movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

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25
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between two body parts.

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26
Q

Pith

A

Centre of the stem. Thin cell walls. Increases in size with more water. Parenchymal tissue.

27
Q

Cortex

A

Made up of collenchyma. Has a primary wall with some thickening, making it pliable.

28
Q

Xylem

A

Hollow tubes that have undergone apoptosis. Thickened with lining and involved in water transport.

29
Q

Vascular Bundles

A

Surrounded by sclerenchyma. Provides an elasticity to the tissue. Arrangement of bundles decides how big the plant will grow.

30
Q

Primary Root

A

Provide stability and anchorage. Also known as ‘tap’ root.

31
Q

Long bone

A

Bones longer than they are wide. Found in limbs e.g femur. Transmit longitudinal forces.

32
Q

Flat bone

A

Narrow, flat bones that protect muscle.

33
Q

Short bones

A

Bones that are about as short as they are wide. Provides strength and movement.

34
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones that are difficult to categorise e.g vertebrae.

35
Q

Superior

A

Towards the top/higher up the body e.g shoulder is superior to the wrist.

36
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the bottom/lower down the body e.g wrist is inferior to the shoulder.

37
Q

Cranial

A

Towards/closer to the head.

38
Q

Chordal

A

Towards/closer to the tail.

39
Q

Anterior

A

Closer to the front of the body.

40
Q

Posterior

A

Closer to the back of the body.

41
Q

Dorsal

A

Closer to the back.

42
Q

Ventral

A

Closer to the abdomen.

43
Q

Lateral

A

Closer/towards to the midline.

44
Q

Medial

A

Away/further from the midline.

45
Q

Distal

A

Closer to trunk/attachment site.

46
Q

Proximal

A

Further from the trunk/attachment site.

47
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of limbs away from body/midline.

48
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of limbs towards body/midline.

49
Q

Pronation

A

Having palms of the hands facing downwards.

50
Q

Supination

A

Having the palms of the hands facing upwards.

51
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of a limb.

52
Q

Flexion

A

Movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

53
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between two body parts.

54
Q

Pith

A

Centre of the stem. Thin cell walls. Increases in size with more water. Parenchymal tissue.

55
Q

Cortex

A

Made up of collenchyma. Has a primary wall with some thickening, making it pliable.

56
Q

Xylem

A

Hollow tubes that have undergone apoptosis. Thickened with lining and involved in water transport.

57
Q

Vascular Bundles

A

Surrounded by sclerenchyma. Provides an elasticity to the tissue. Arrangement of bundles decides how big the plant will grow.

58
Q

Primary Root

A

Provide stability and anchorage. Also known as ‘tap’ root.

59
Q

Long bone

A

Bones longer than they are wide. Found in limbs e.g femur. Transmit longitudinal forces.

60
Q

Flat bone

A

Narrow, flat bones that protect muscle.

61
Q

Short bones

A

Bones that are about as short as they are wide. Provides strength and movement.

62
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones that are difficult to categorise e.g vertebrae.

63
Q

Sesame I’d bones

A

Develop in tendons e.g patella.

Biology (3 decks)

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