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Adrenal > Anatomy/Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy/Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is formed in the adrenal medulla?

A

Catecholamines (epinephrine/norepinephrine)

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2
Q

What are the layers of the adrenal cortex; which hormones are produced in each layer?

A

Zona glomerulosa: Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Zona fasciculata: Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Zona reticularis: Androgens (Testosterone/Estradiol)

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3
Q

Describe the hormonal regulation of cortisol

A

The hypothalamus (CRH) stimulates the anterior pituitary (ACTH) which stimulates the adrenal glands (glucocorticoids)

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4
Q

What do aldosterone, cortisol, and the androgens have in common?

A

Cholesterol base

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5
Q

Name the short-acting GC:

A

Hydrocortisone

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6
Q

Name the 2 intermediate-acting GCs:

A

Methylprednisone and Prednisone

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7
Q

Name the long-acting GC:

A

Dexamethasone

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8
Q

Name a MC:

A

Fludrocortisone

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9
Q

Equivalent doses (mg) of GCs/MC

A 
Fludrocortisone: 0.05
Dexamethasone: 0.75
Methylprednisone: 4
Prednisone: 5
Hydrocortisone: 20
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10
Q

Which GC/MCs are available ONLY PO? (others are PO/IV)

A

Prednisone and Fludrocortisone are PO only

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11
Q

AI potency of GCs/MC

A 
Hydrocortisone: 1
Prednisone: 4
Methylprednisone: 5
Fludrocortisone: 10
Dexamethasone: 25-30
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12
Q

MC potency of GCs/MC

A

Methylprednisone/Dexamethasone: 0
Prednisone: 0.8
Hydrocortisone: 1
Fludrocortisone: 125

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13
Q

Half life of steroids

A

Glomerular filtration is responsible for filtering out of drug
Cortisol 1/2 life: 70-120 min
Aldosterone 1/2 life: 15 min

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14
Q

Enhancers of steroid clearance

A 
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Rifampin
Mitotane
Hyperthyroidism
Renal dz (dexamethasone)
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15
Q

Inhibitors of steroid clearance

A 
Estrogens (OCPs)
Liver dz
Age
Pregnancy
Hypothyroidism
Anorexia
Renal dz (prednisolone)
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16
Q

Plasma protein binding details

A

95% bound (inactive)

Bound to: CBG, albumin, A1 glycoprotein

17
Q

Function of renin

A

Part of RAAS system

Renin leads to aldosterone secretion, leading to decreased Na+/water secretion and increased fluid volume

18
Q

Stimulators of renin release

A

Low BP
Upright posture
B-stimulation

19
Q

Inhibitors of renin release

A 
Excess salt
Vasopressin
High BP
Potassium
Drugs

Adrenal (3 decks)

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