Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards by Harvey Makortoff

What is the difference between anatomy & physiology?

Anatomy is the study of body structure and physiology is the study of body functions

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What are the Subdivisions?

Surface, Gross, Developmental, Histology, Pathology , Cytology

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A balance in the body’s internal environment is…..

Homeostatis

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Levels of Organization?

atom, cell, molecule, tissue, organ,system, organism

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Six important life processes of an organism?

metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

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Feedback System consist or which three things?

Receptor, Effector, Control Center

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Receptor

monitors changes in controlled conditions and sends inputs to control center

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Effector

receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect the controlled conditions

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Control Center

sets the range value to be maintained- usually this is done by brain

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Positive feedback system consist of what?

strength or reinforces a change in ones body ex child birth

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Negative feedback system

reverses a change in the controlled condition ex; blood pressure or body tempature

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Integumentary system consist of

skin, nail, hair

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Skeletal system

bones and joints

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Muscular system

muscles, maintaining posture, generate heat

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Nervous System

brain, spinal cord, nerves and, sensory organs

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Endocrine system

hormones

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Cardiovascular system

heart and blood vessel- regulates body temp

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Lymphatic system

lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes and lymphocytes,tonsils, spleen, thymus gland-filters blood and transports fats ans proteins

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Respiratory system

upper airway trachea, bronchi and lungs - Exchanges o2 and eliminates co2

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Digestive system

esophagus, stomach and intestines and accessory organs - eliminates waste

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Urinary system

kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra - excretions of waste

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Reproductive system

testicles, penis, testosterone,ovaries, vagina, mammary glands, uterus

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Explain anatomical postilion

head level, face forward, eyes forward, feet flat and directed forwards and arms at side with palms forward

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Sagittal

midline

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Transverse

horizontal

Frontal

Coronal (front half, back half)

parsagittal

to the right or left of the midsagittal that divides body in equal halves

Oblique

pass threw the body at an angle

cranial

skull

cervical

neck

cubital

elbow

carpal

wrist

patellar

knee

orbital

eye

thoracic

chest

inguinal

groin

metacarpal

hand/palm

plantar

sole of foot

buccal

cheek

axillary

armpit

femoral

thigh

gluteal

buttock

tarsal

ankle

digital

toes

phalangeals

toes or fingers

Dorsal Cavity consist of

spinal cord and brain

Venral body Cavity

remaining body organs

Tendons attach muscle to...

bone

Liagment attach bone together to

joint

define palpation

the way of examing the body by touching

true or false (more is less) in relation to palpation

false (less is more)

Before touching someone you should always ask for???

Consent

Ball joints have lots of ???

movement

Hinge joints move ____ directions

one

Saddle Joints move in ______ directions

two

Ellipsoid joints premit what movement?

flexion and extension

Gliding joint has the ______ amount of movement

least

pivot joint has a ____ kind of movement

twist

What is the opposite of Supanation?

Pronation

What is the opposite of retraction?

Protraction

ct scan

computer tomography, 3D images

x-ray

radiography of interior structure

MRI

Magnetic Resonance imaging

Ultra sound

Sunography- created by soundwaves

Radionuclide scanning

radioactive chemical

PET stands for....

Position emission tomography - injects a positive charged fluid into the body

Endoscopy

projects imaging onto a monitor by going throw the body

visceral

Pertaining to a covering over a organ

Pariteal

Pertaining to a covering against a cavity wall

Adduction

bring limp medially towards the midline

abduction

bring limp laterally away from the midline

Extension

to bring bones closer together

flexion

straighten or open a join

Deviation

means to wander from usual course. Lateral deviations occurs in the mandible when talking

Protraction and retractions only pretain to.....

scapula, clavicle,head and jaw

supine

to be on your spine

prone

to lie face down

When you inhale and exhale your doing what type of movement?

elevations/expansion (inhale) Depression/collapse (exhale)