Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
Movement of molecules from area of higher to lower concentration
Diffusion
Water diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis
Process of pushing water with dissolved materials through one side of a membrane
Filtration
Movement of molecules from area of lower to higher concentration
Active transport
Ingestion and digestion of bacteria and other substances by phagocytic cells
Phagocytosis
The portion of skeletal bone that manufactures blood cells is the:
A) periosteum B) red bone marrow C) diaphysis D) cartilage E) epiphysis
B) red bone marrow
Nerve fibers are insulated and protected by a fatty material called:
A) myelin B) dendrites C) neurons D) axons E) synapses
A) myelin
A bone that is part of the pelvic girdle is the:
A) sphenoid B) ethmoid C) ischium D) zygomatic E) sternum
C) ischium
The chambers of the heart are:
A) septum and valves B) endocardium and epicardium C) apex and septum D) ventricles and atria E) AV node and SA node
D) ventricles and atria
An organ located in the left upper quadrant is the:
A) thymus
B) spleen
C) appendix
D) liver
B) spleen
What is active immunity?
Active immunity is obtained when the individual actually develops antibodies by having the disease or by injection of a killed or attenuated organism, forcing the body to produce antibodies.
The structure in the body also known as the voice box is the:
A) pharynx
B) larynx
C) epiglottis
D) trachea
B) larynx
The wavelike movement that propels food through the digestive tract is called:
A) osmosis B) diffusion C) metabolism D) resorption E) peristalsis
E) peristalsis
In both males and females, the entire pelvic floor is called the:
A) vestibule B) peritoneum C) fundus D) pons E) perineum
E) perineum
The fibrous bands that support organs to hold them in place are:
A) meninges B) periosteum C) fascia D) synovia E) tendons
C) fascia
A major muscle in the body that assists in raising the arm away from the body is the:
A) extensor carpi
B) biceps femoris
C) sartorius
D) deltoid
D) deltoid
Cells that carry or transmit impulses toward the central nervous system are called:
A) afferent neurons B) efferent neurons C) motor neurons D) receptors E) meninges
A) afferent neurons
The space(s) of the brain where cerebrospinal fluid is formed is/are the:
A) arachnoid
B) meninges
C) ventricles
D) lobes
C) ventricles
The blood vessel that brings blood from the head, chest, and arms back to the heart is the:
A) aorta
B) pulmonary vein
C) carotid artery
D) superior vena cava
D) superior vena cava
The aorta, pulmonary vein, and carotid artery all carry blood away from the heart.
Which of the following is the proper sequence for the flow of blood in the body?
A) artery - vein - arteriole B) venule - arteriole - capillary C) vein - venule - capillary D) capillary - arteriole - venule E) artery - arteriole - capillary
E) artery - arteriole - capillary
The sequence of blood flow through the body is from artery to arteriole to capillary, then to venule and vein. The artery and vein are larger vessels than arterioles and venules, and the capillaries are the smallest.
The lymphatic system includes the following organs and tissues except:
A) hypothalamus B) thymus C) spleen D) tonsils E) adenoids
A) hypothalamus
Not apart of the lymphatic system, but is in the brain.
The process in which white blood cells take in and destroy waste and foreign material is called:
A) immunity
B) phagocytosis
C) hemolysis
D) leukocytosis
B) phagocytosis
The structure common to the respiratory and digestive system is the:
A) trachea B) larynx C) esophagus D) pharynx E) ileum
D) pharynx
Most of the digestive process occurs in the:
A) stomach
B) large intestine
C) small intestine
D) esophagus
C) small intestine
An accumulation of excessive fluid in the intercellular spaces is called:
A) acidosis B) alkalosis C) edema D) effusion E) osmosis
C) edema
The kidneys are located in the:
A) retroperitoneal space
B) renal pelvis
C) dorsal cavity
D) hypogastric region
A) retroperitoneal space
The term hydronephrosis means:
A) inability to retain urine
B) involuntary discharge of urine
C) inflammation an infection of the renal pelvis
D) distention of the renal pelvis resulting from obstructed flow of urine
E) excessive urine
D) distention of the renal pelvis resulting from obstructed flow of urine
The largest artery in the body is the:
A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) cartoid artery
D) abdominal aorta
D) abdominal aorta
The hormone produced by the embryonic cells of the fetus:
A) human chorionic gonadotropin hormone
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) oxytocin
D) follicle-stimulating hormone
A) human chorionic gonadotropin hormone
The left atrioventricular (AV) valve in the heart is also known as the:
A) pulmonary valve
B) aortic valve
C) mitral valve
D) tricuspid valve
C) mitral valve
The pulmonary and aortic valves are semilunar valves that are exit valves. AV valves are entrance valves and include the mitral (left) and tricuspid (right) valve.
The only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood is the:
A) superior vena cava B) aorta C) pulmonary artery D) coronary artery E) interior vena cava
C) pulmonary artery
The aorta and coronary arteries both carry oxygenated blood to supply the heart & body.The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava are veins, not arteries.
An example of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is:
A) asthma B) emphysema C) croup D) pleurisy E) pertussis
B) emphysema
Pertussis = whooping cough Pleurisy = inflammation of pleura Croup = caused by viral infection in infants
A portion of the large intestine is the:
A) pylorus
B) jejunum
C) ileum
D) sigmoid
D) sigmoid
The membrane attached to the internal organs is the:
A) mucous membrane
B) visceral layer
C) parietal layer
D) epithelial layer
C) visceral layer
The internal organs are the viscera, and the membrane surrounding them is the visceral layer.
The bone that is part of the shoulder girdle and is between the sternum and the scapula is the:
A) clavicle
B) humerus
C) ulna
D) manubrium
A) clavicle
The type of muscle responsible for producing peristalsis is:
A) cardiac B) skeletal C) smooth D) voluntary E) diaphragmatic
C) smooth
Smooth muscle is involuntary and is found in the walls of internal organs and passageways such as intestines, where peristalsis takes place.
The sympathetic system of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for:
A) construction of the pupil of the eye B) decrease in rate of heart beat C) dilation of bronchi of the lungs D) constriction of blood vessels to skeletal muscle E) slowing the pulse
C) dilation of bronchi of the lungs
The sympathetic system is responsible for stimulating the body’s fight-or-flight response (stress). This response includes dilation of the bronchi.
The parasympathetic system returns the body to normal activity by constricting the pupil and the blood vessels and by decreasing the heart rate or slowing the pulse.
The portion of the brain that aids in the coordination of voluntary muscle action is the:
A) cerebellum
B) thalamus
C) medulla oblongata
D) midbrain
A) cerebellum
The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex of the brain. The medulla oblongata contains the respiratory center, the cardiac center, and the vasomotor center which regulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls. The midbrain contains a relay center for certain eyes & ear reflexes.
Strabismus is a condition of the eye causing:
A) nearsightedness
B) farsightedness
C) cross-eyed appearance
D) redness of the sclera
C) cross-eyed appearance
The clusters of cells called the islets of Langerhans are located in the:
A) adrenal glands B) anterior pituitary gland C) pancreas D) pituitary gland E) parathyroid glands
C) pancreas
The islets of Langerhans, located in the pancreas, secrete insulin, which aids in the transport of glucose into cells, decreasing blood sugar level.
A goiter is associated with abnormal function of the:
A) thyroid gland
B) parathyroid gland
C) spleen
D) pituitary gland
A) thyroid gland
Which of the following blood vessels is proximal to the heart:
A) iliac artery
B) carotid artery
C) ascending aorta
D) renal artery
C) Ascending aorta
An example of inflammatory bowel disease is:
A) gastritis B) pyloric stenosis C) Crohn disease D) Vincent's disease E) Hodgkin's disease
C) Crohn’s disease
Two important electrolytes found in the body are:
A) zinc and magnesium
B) sodium and potassium
C) protein and carbohydrates
D) nitrogen and carbon dioxide
B) sodium and potassium
Zinc and magnesium are minerals, protein and carbohydrates are nutrients, and nitrogen and carbon dioxide are gases.
An example of exocrine glands are:
A) sebaceous glands B) parathyroid glands C) adrenal glands D) ovaries E) testes
A) sebaceous glands
The parathyroid, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes are examples of endocrine glands that secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream and do not require ducts or tubes to transport hormones.
The order of the vertebral column from top to bottom is:
A) cervical, thoracic, sacral, lumbar, coccyx
B) thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx, cervical
C) coccyx, sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
D) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
D) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
The artery located in the upper arm:
A) brachial artery
B) carotid artery
C) radial artery
D) subclavian artery
A) brachial artery
Any foreign substance that enters the body and induces an immune response is a(n):
A) antibody B) antigen C) enzyme D) immunoglobulin E) globulin
B) antigen
An immunoglobulin, also known as an antibody, is a substance produced in response to an antigen. An enzyme is a protein in the body that causes a breakdown of food. A globulin is a protein in the blood associated with antibodies.
The smaller leg bone, lateral to the tibia, is the:
A) femur
B) tarsal
C) patella
D) fibula
D) fibula
