Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cleft Palate & Craniofacial Anomalies > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Unpaired bone at the base of the skull that along with the temporal bones provide bony attachments for the velopharyngeal musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nasal bridge

A

The bony structure that is located between the eyes and corresponds with the nasofrontal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Columella

A

The structure at the anterior end of the nasal septum that supports the nasal tip and is between the nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nares

A

Nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nasal sill

A

Base of nostril opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alae

A

Two curved sides of the nostril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Philtrum

A

The dimple that courses from the columella down to the upper lip and bordered by the philtral ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vermillion

A

Red portion of the lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Canthus

A

Corner of the eye, medial and lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Palbebral fissure

A

The anatomic name for the separation between the upper and lower eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Separates the nasal cavity into two halves made up of the:
Quadrangular septal cartilage
Vomer bone
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Quadrangular septal cartilage

A

anterior portion of nasal septum and projects anteriorly to the columella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vomer bone

A

Perpendicular to the palate, fitting into a groove formed by the median palatine suture line on the nasal side of the maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

A

Projects downward to join the vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nasal turbinates (nasal conchae/singular concha)

A

Paired bony structures curled to create turbulent airflow. The superior (upper) and middle turbinates are part of the ethmoid bone. The inferior (lower) turbinates are the largest and an entirely separate bone.
Function= filter air, warm air and project air upward to enhance the sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nasal meatuses (singular meatus)

A

Superior, middle, inferior directly under each turbinate. Openings through which air passes through nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Four pairs of paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal, maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid connected to the nose by a small opening called the ostium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parts of external ear

A

Pinna and external auditory canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pinna

A

Delicate cartilaginous framework of the external ear. Functions to direct sound energy into the auditory canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mastoid cavity

A

A section of the temporal bone that is porous and located just behind the ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parts of Middle Ear

A 
Housed within temporal bone
Mastoid cavity
Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Eustachian tube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Thin tissue that separates the outer ear from the middle ear.
Transmits sound energy through the ossicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ossicles

A

Malleus, Incus, stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Malleus

A

Attached to Tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Incus

A

Attached to both malleus and stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Stapes

A

piston to create pressure waves within the fluid filled cochlea of the inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
It opens and closes to provide ventilation for the middle ear and mastoid cavities and also equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Inner Ear

A

Cochlea
Organ of Corti
Semicircular Canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cochlea

A

Bony spiral tube that houses the Organ of Corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Organ of Corti

A

where mechanical energy is converted to electrical stimulation which is then conducted by the auditory nerves to the auditory cortex, culminating in the awareness of sound.
Inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea may be damaged by a variety of ways, leading to sensorineural hearing loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Help with balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Obicularis oris

A

sphincter muscle around the mouth, forming much of the tissue of the lips.
It has extensive connections to muscles that converge on the mouth.
This muscle acts to shape and control the size of the mouth opening and is important for creating the lip positions and movements during speech and eating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Buccinator

A

facial muscle of cheek; plays an important role in mastication, working with tongue and orbicularis oris muscle to keep food between teeth; when it is paralyzed food accumulates in the oral vestibule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Masseter

A

runs from the temporal bone (that forms part of the sides and base of the skull) to the lower jaw (the mandible).
It lifts the lower jaw, to close the mouth.
The masseter is the strongest muscle in your body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Tongue

A

Dorsal surface/top, ventral surface bottom

36
Q

Anterior faucial pillars (palatoglossal arch) & Posterior faucial pillars (palatopharyngeal arch)

A

Curtain-like structures that contains muscles that assist with velopharyngeal and lingual movements.

37
Q

Tonsils (Palatine tonsils)

A

located between anterior and posterior faucial pillars. Can be different in size

38
Q

Lingual tonsils

A

Masses of lymphoid tissue located on the base of tongue

39
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

The primary or first set of teeth

There are 20 deciduous teeth: 10 in the upper arch and 10 in the lower arch.

40
Q

Which teeth are children with clefts of the alveolus at risk for missing?

A

high risk for the lateral incisor and/or the canine(cuspid) to be malformed, missing or duplicated because they are situated next to the cleft

41
Q

Overjet

A

The horizontal relationship between the upper and lower incisors; typically measured in millimeters from the labial surface of the lower incisor to the labial surface of the upper incisor with the teeth in occlusion

42
Q

Normal amount of overjet

A

2mm with upper incisors and lower incisors in light contact

43
Q

Excessive overjet

A

maxillary incisors are labioverted or stick out toward the lips

44
Q

Overbite

A

vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors
can be measured in millimeters but is often reported as a percentage of coverage of the lower incisors by the upper incisors

45
Q

Normal overbite

A

approximately 2mm, or about 25%;

greater amounts are called either deep overbite or deep bite

46
Q

Dental occlusion

A

The manner in which the maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth fit together, or the bite

47
Q

Normal occlusion

A

Class I occlusion

upper arch partially overlaps the lower arch so that the cusps of one arch fit into the fossae of the opposing arch

48
Q

Alveolus (gum ridge)

A

Base and bony support for the teeth

49
Q

Premaxilla

A

Triangular shaped bone bordered by the incisive sutures. The dental arch of this segment contains the upper central and lateral incisors.

50
Q

Incisive Foramen

A

Opening through which blood vessels and nerves pass. The anatomic marker separating the primary palate from the secondary palate

51
Q

Palatine Process

A

Forms the anterior three quarters of the maxilla. Terminates at the Transverse Palatine Suture. Behind these are the horizontal plates of the Palatine bones ending at the protrusive Posterior Nasal Spine

52
Q

Median Palatine Suture line

A

Separates the palatine process and Horizontal plates

It is covered by Mucoperiosteum.

53
Q

Palatine Raphe

A

visible seam-like ridge in midline running the middle of the velum (soft palate)

54
Q

Palatine Torus/torus palatinus

A

Normal variant of hard palate structure in the area of the median suture line
can become larger with age

55
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

There are 32 permanent teeth: 16 in the upper arch and 16 in the lower arch.

56
Q

In children with clefts of the alveolus, which teeth have a high risk of being malformed, missing,or duplicated

A

lateral incisor and/or the canine(cuspid)

57
Q

Palatine aponeurosis

A

Attached to the posterior border of the hard palate. Consists of periosteum, fibrous connective tissue and fibers from the tensor veli palatini tendon.
It add stiffness and is an anchoring point for other velopharyngeal muscles.

58
Q

Levator Veli Palatini

A

Takes up the middle 40% of the entire velum and are primarily responsible for velar elevation. Originates at the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, enters the velum at a 45 degree angle and interdigitates in the upper surface of the palatine aponeurosis. Contraction forces the velum to move in a superior and posterior direction.

59
Q

Superior Constrictor Muscles/Superior Pharyngeal Constrictors

A

Responsible for medial movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls

60
Q

Palatopharyngeus Muscles

A

May assist with medial movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls, lowering the velum, elevate the larynx or contract to provide a tighter velopharyngeal seal. Originates in the palatine aponeurosis/posterior boarder of the hard palate. Courses down within the posterior faucial pillar to the pharynx.

61
Q

Palatoglossus Muscles

A

Antagonist to levator veli palatini, lowers the velum. Subject to damage during tonsillectomy. Originates in the palatine aponeurosis. Contained within the anterior faucial pillar and inserts into the lateral aspect of the tongue

62
Q

Tensor Veli Palatini

A

Responsible for opening the Eustachian tubes but do not assist with velopharyngeal closure

63
Q

Musculus Uvulae Muscles function

A

Function=additional stiffness to the nasal side of the velum during contraction, fill in the area of contact between the velum and PPW (velar eminence), and may also have an extensor affect. V shaped notch if hypoplastic or absent.

64
Q

Uvula

A

The punching bag looking structure hanging freely from the posterior border of the velum. It contains no muscle fibers, has no function and does not contribute to velopharyngeal closure

65
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Just posterior to nasal cavity

66
Q

Oropharynx

A

Just posterior to the mouth

67
Q

Hypopharynx

A

Below mouth from epiglottis to esophagus

68
Q

Adenoid

A

Located on the pharyngeal wall just behind the velum. Can be hypertrophic but tend to atrophy with age

69
Q

Eustachian tube position

A

Positioned horizontally and with small pharyngeal opening in infants. The width and angle of the tube increases with age.

70
Q

All velopharyngeal muscles, EXCEPT the tensor veli palatine, get their motor innervation from the….

A

pharyngeal plexus

71
Q

Pharyngeal plexus

A

a network of nerves along the posterior pharyngeal wall consisting of the pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and the vagus nerve (CN X)

72
Q

The tensor veli palatini muscle receives motor innervation from the…

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

73
Q

CN __ & CN __ innervate all the muscles that contribute to VP closure

A

CN IX and CN X

74
Q

Sensory innervation for both the hard and soft palate is from the…

A

trigeminal nerve (V)

75
Q

The faucial and pharyngeal areas of the oral cavity are innervated by the…

A 
glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
 Facial nerve (VII) and vagus (X) may also help
76
Q

Velopharyngeal closure is achieved via the coordinated action of the…

A

tongue, velum, lateral pharyngeal walls and posterior pharyngeal wall.

77
Q

Non-pneumatic activities examples

A

swallowing, gagging and vomiting

78
Q

Non-pneumatic activities =

A

The velum is raised very high, lateral pharyngeal walls close tightly along their entire length and velopharyngeal closure is assisted by the tongue during closure of non-pneumatic activities.

79
Q

Pneumatic activities

A

Utilizes positive or negative air pressure. Velopharyngeal closure occurs lower in the nasopharynx and is less ‘exaggerated’ than during non-pneumatic activities

80
Q

Pneumatic activities examples

A

blowing, whistling, singing, and speech

81
Q

Coronol pattern of VP closure

A

Most common. Soft palate moves posteriorly against broad area of posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW), some anterior movement of PPW, virtually no movement of lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW).

82
Q

Sagittal pattern of VP closure

A

Least common. LPW move medially to meet behind the velum. Minimal posterior movement of the velum

83
Q

Circular pattern of VP closure

A

Next most common. Soft palate moves posteriorly, PPW moves anteriorly and LPW moves medially.

84
Q

Passavant’s Ridge

A

A prominence on the posterior wall of the naso-pharynx formed by contraction of the superior constrictor of the pharynx during speech or swallowing

85
Q

Examples of things that can affect VP closure

A

Timing of velopharyngeal closure, height of closure and firmness of closure affected by the phoneme produced.
Rate of speech and fatigue can affect the height and firmness of velopharyngeal closure.
Neuromuscular integrity can affect timing of VP closure, height of closure, firmness of closure, consistency of closure
Decreased articulatory precision can affect velopharyngeal closure.

Cleft Palate & Craniofacial Anomalies (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions