Anatomy/Physiology Flashcards
periodic table
The transitional structure that occurs right before two reacting chemicals produce new compounds.
activated complex
Compounds that give off H+ ions in water. Acids have a pH less than 7 and turn blue litmus paper red; acids are good at dissolving metals.
acid
The minimal energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur
Activation energy
The force or attraction that holds two separate objects together.
Adhesion
The binding of molecules or particles to a surface only, not beneath the surface. When one substance collects on the surface of another, such as with a charcoal filter in a coffee pot.
Adsorption
An organic compound containing an -OH group.
Alcohol
An organic compound containing a -CHO group.
Aldehyde
An organic compound which contains only single carbon-carbon bonds such as propane and octane.
Alkane
An organic compound containing at least one C=C bond (double bond), for example, propene.
alkene
An organic compound made up of only carbon and hydrogen that contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond; alkynes end with -yne such as acetylene (systematic name: ethyne).
Alkyne
Different forms of an element in the same physical state, such as how carbon can be either graphite or diamonds
Allotropes
An ion with a negative charge.
Anion
The smallest particle of an element
Atom
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as well as the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
Atomic Number
An organic compound that consists of a nitrogen atom attached only to carbon and sometimes hydrogen atoms.
Amine
Known as the building blocks of proteins; they contain at least one amine group and one carboxylic acid group attached to the same carbon.
amino acid
When a substance is dissolved in water, the result is an aqueous solution.
Aqueous
A compound that gives off OH- ions in water; bases have a pH greater than 7 and turns red litmus paper blue.
base
A radioactive particle equivalent to an electron
beta particle
A steroid that aids digestion by breaking down fats.
bile
A compound composed of just two elements.
binary compound
A liquid (usually aqueous) that resists a change in pH when a small amount of an acid or base is added.
buffer
The measure of the heat flow of a chemical reaction. Calories are also the measure of the energy content of food. One calorie is defined as the amount of energy that it takes to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
calorimetry
An organic molecule with a -COOH group on it, such as acetic acid.
carboxylic acid
