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Bio 110 > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Study of the structure of the body parts and the relationships to one another

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

Study of the function of body parts, how they work to carry out life, sustaining activities.

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3
Q

What are the levels of organization?
(Smallest to largest)

A

1) Chemical level
2) Cellular level
3) Tissue level
4) Organ level
5) Organ system level
6) Organism level

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4
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms, molecules, and organelles

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5
Q

Cellular level

A

Single cell

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6
Q

Tissue level

A

Group of similar cells

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7
Q

Organ Level

A

Contains two or more types of tissues

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8
Q

Organ system level

A

Organs that work closely together

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9
Q

Organism level

A

Oregon systems combined to make the whole organisms

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10
Q

Why is anatomy and physiology inseparable?

A

Function always reflects structure

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11
Q

Skeletal system

A

Protects and supports body organs, and provides framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones and store minerals.

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12
Q

Nervous system

A

As the fast acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

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13
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon, dioxide, nutrients, waste, and etc. the heart pumps blood.

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14
Q

Respiratory system

A

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur through walls of the air sack of lungs.

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15
Q

Digestive system

A

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as species.

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16
Q

Muscular system

A

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, facial expression. Maintains posture and produces heat.

17
Q

Integumentary system

A

Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesizes vitamin C in the house says cutaneous

18
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Picks of fluid leaks and returns it house white blood cells (immunity) pronounce the attack against foreign in substances within the body.

19
Q

Urinary/excretory system

A

Eliminate nitrogenous waste from the body. Regulates water, electrolytes, and acid base balance of the blood.

20
Q

Endocrine system

A

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes, such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

21
Q

Reproductive system

A

To produce offspring. Testes produce sperm and make sex hormone. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones.

Female- estrogen
Male- Testosterone

22
Q

What are the Necessary life functions?

A

1) maintaining boundaries
2) movement
3) responsiveness
4) digestion
5) metabolism
6) excretion
7) reproduction
8) growth

23
Q

Maintaining boundaries

A

Separation between eternal and external environments must exist
-plasma membrane separate cells
-skin separates organism from environment

24
Q

Movement

A

Muscular system allows movement
-of body via skeletal muscles
-of substances via cardiac muscle
(blood) and smooth muscle (digestion, urination)
-contract activity refers to the movement at a cellular level

25
Q

Responsiveness

A

Abilities to sense and response to stimuli
-withdraw reflect prevent injury
-Control of breathing rate, which must change in response to different activities

26
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of ingested food stuff, followed by absorption of simple molecules into blood

27
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
-some of all catabolism (breakdown molecules) and anabolism(synthesis of molecules)

28
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of waste from metabolism and digestion
-urea(from breakdown of proteins) carbon dioxide (from metabolism) feces (absorbed foods)

29
Q

Reproduction

A

At a cellular level, reproduction involves division of cells or growth or repair.
-at the organismal reproduction is the production of offspring.

30
Q

Growth

A

Increase in size of a body parts or organism.

Bio 110 (2 decks)

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