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Hesi Exam > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

A

Hyoid Bone

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2
Q

Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

A

They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function

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3
Q

Diet is important because bone are storage places for?

A

Calcium & Phosphorus

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4
Q

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?

A

Urethra

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5
Q

Ligaments provide which connection?

A

Bone to bone

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6
Q

Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

A

Ureter

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7
Q

What is a characteristic of viral herpes

A

Skin Eruption

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8
Q

When a boxer gets hit & has a deviated septum?

A

Vomer (in nose)

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9
Q

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?

A

Pharynx

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10
Q

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?

A

Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers

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11
Q

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation cause by which molecule?

A

Lactic Acid

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12
Q

As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?

A

Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid)

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13
Q

Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?

A

Evaporation

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14
Q

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has a unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?

A

Carrot and squash

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15
Q

Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

A

Palms facing anterior

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16
Q

Which structure is a ball & socket joint?

A

Shoulder

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17
Q

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus & stapes?

A

Skull & Ear

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18
Q

What are like cells grouped together called?

A

Tissue

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19
Q

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

A

Popliteal

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20
Q

Ceruminous (aprocrine) glands secrete?

A

Earwax

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21
Q

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge

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22
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated / increased?

A

Cardiac output

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23
Q

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system

A

Oral cavity

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24
Q

Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?

A

Plasma Membrane

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25
Q

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity

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26
Q

What is the effect of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

A

Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

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27
Q

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?

A

H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate

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28
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?

A

Blood clotting

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29
Q

Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of lower extremity?

A

Vastus Lateralis

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30
Q

Which structure is located on the sternum

A

Xiphoid Process

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31
Q

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

A

Head / Skull

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32
Q

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

A

Hemoglobin

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33
Q

Which gland is commonly known as the “Master Gland?”

A

Pituitary Gland

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34
Q

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

A

Ligament

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35
Q

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

A

Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)

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36
Q

Which statement are true about bone?

A

Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)

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37
Q

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?

A

Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)

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38
Q

The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body?

A

Ear

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39
Q

Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body

A

Foot

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40
Q

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart, Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from the heart)

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41
Q

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

A

Cochlea

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41
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning

A

Temporal Lobe

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42
Q

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

A

Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)

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43
Q

An over production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?

A

External ear and canals

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43
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?

A

Lower leg

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44
Q

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?

A

Left ventricle and left atrium

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45
Q

The olfactory nerve is associated in which sense?

A

Smell

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46
Q

Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

A

Vena cava

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47
Q

Hormones produced by the ovaries?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

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48
Q

Plane divides the body into left and right sides?

A

Sagittal

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49
Q

Two divisions that make up the nervous system?

A

PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)

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50
Q

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What are is he describing?

A

Epiphysis

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51
Q

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?

A

Medulla oblongata

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52
Q

Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body?

A

Abduction (AB = Away from)

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53
Q

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?

A

Carotid artery

54
Q

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) (ADH is also known as Vasopressin)

55
Q

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

A

Carry oxygen

56
Q

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?

A

rise in CO2; Fall in o2

57
Q

Which condition causes a client to say, “I can’t see far away?”

A

Nearsightedness (Think opposite, far is near, near is far)

58
Q

What is the function of golgi apparatus?

A

-packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell
-synthesize carbs & glycoproteins

59
Q

What organ produces insulin?

A

Pancreas

60
Q

Fertilization occurs in the?

A

oviduct

61
Q

When drawing blood from antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

A

Median cubital

62
Q

What hormone induces growth of public and axillary hair at puberty?

A

Testosterone & Estrogen

63
Q

Increase rate of breathing results in what blood pH change?

A

Alkalosis

64
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulates balance and thermoregulation

64
Q

How many carbs per gram do carbs contain?

A

4

65
Q

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this procress is called?

A

Osmosis

66
Q

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

A

Body becomes more acidic

67
Q

What part of the body is the lower back?

A

Lumbar

68
Q

High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?

A

Potassium

69
Q

What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?

A

Renal vein (this vein drains the kidney)

70
Q

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

A

Thyroid gland

71
Q

In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

72
Q

What structure of the eye picks out color?

A

Retina

73
Q

What is the most protective layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

73
Q

The organ of corti is located in the?

A

Ear

74
Q

The Rough ER functions in the human cells to?

A

Synthesize proteins

75
Q

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?

A

Small intestine

75
Q

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

A

Protein

76
Q

What is the definition of chyme?

A

Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum

77
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers

78
Q

What female reproductive organ produces occytes, estrogen, & progesterone?

A

Ovaries

79
Q

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

A

Cilia

80
Q

Which is a hollow organ?

A

Gall bladder

81
Q

Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group?

A

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius

82
Q

Which structure is resposible for normal respiratory function?

A

Medulla oblongta

83
Q

Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect?

A

Low blood pressure, sickness, head hurting, vision problems

84
Q

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulation is increased?

A

Blood pressure rises & goose bumps

85
Q

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?

A

Red bone marrow

86
Q

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

A

Dorsal

87
Q

The esophagus is located in which body cavity?

A

Thoracic

88
Q

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

A

External auditory canal & middle ear

89
Q

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

90
Q

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

A

Thymus

91
Q

Calcaneus is located in?

A

Foot

92
Q

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?

A

Expel waste

92
Q

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for preganancy?

A

Corpus luteum

93
Q

What are finger prints made of?

A

Friction ridges

94
Q

ABCD of cancer?

A

Melanoma

94
Q

Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organ be found?

A

Pelvic region

94
Q

Which one up angle at the joint?

A

Extensor

95
Q

Which hormone is released by posterior lobe?

A

Oxytocin & ADH (ADH is known as Vasopressin)

96
Q

Order of organization of living things?

A

Organelle, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystem, Biosphere

97
Q

All living things are made up of?

A

Cells

98
Q

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?

A

Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles.

99
Q

Most obvious skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

100
Q

Active transport requires?

A

Requires energy (ATP) from cell

101
Q

Passive transport?

A

Does not require energy

102
Q

Diffusion is?

A

Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration

103
Q

Osmosis is?

A

Movement of water across a membrane (low to high concentration)

104
Q

Fibrous joints are?

A

Stationary & held together by ligaments only

105
Q

Cartilaginous is?

A

Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage

106
Q

Synovial joints are?

A

Freely mobile

107
Q

Types of asexual reproduction?

A

binary fission and mitosis

108
Q

What is the eustachian tube?

A

Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

109
Q

Calciferol (aka vitamin D) is controlled by?

A

Parathyroid hormone

110
Q

Sebaceous gland function?

A

Secretes oil

111
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Engulfs and brings in (endo = internal)

112
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Fuses with plasma membrane & releases contents outside of the cell (exo = exit)

113
Q

Pituitary gland produces?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone

114
Q

What does adrenal gland secrete?

A

Cortisol & Aldosterone

115
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in?

A

Mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy

116
Q

Anaerobic respiration produces?

A

Energy and uses glucose, but produces less energy and does NOT require oxygen

117
Q

What parts of the respiratory system are in the upper respiratory?

A

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

118
Q

Aerobic respirations happens in the presence of?

A

Oxygen

119
Q

What is the soft spot on a baby’s head?

A

Fontanelle

120
Q

Layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

121
Q

Parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

122
Q

What makes up most plasma?

A

Water

122
Q

The top of the sternum is called?

A

Manubrium

123
Q

Polypeptides are?

A

Chains of amino acids

124
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis

125
Q

What is Meosis?

A

Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells.

126
Q

Ribs are attached to the?

A

Sternum

Hesi Exam (2 decks)

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