Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
A
Hyoid Bone
2
Q
Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?
A
They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function
3
Q
Diet is important because bone are storage places for?
A
Calcium & Phosphorus
4
Q
Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?
A
Urethra
5
Q
Ligaments provide which connection?
A
Bone to bone
6
Q
Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
A
Ureter
7
Q
What is a characteristic of viral herpes
A
Skin Eruption
8
Q
When a boxer gets hit & has a deviated septum?
A
Vomer (in nose)
9
Q
Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?
A
Pharynx
10
Q
A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?
A
Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers
11
Q
Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation cause by which molecule?
A
Lactic Acid
12
Q
As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?
A
Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid)
13
Q
Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?
A
Evaporation
14
Q
When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has a unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?
A
Carrot and squash
15
Q
Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?
A
Palms facing anterior
16
Q
Which structure is a ball & socket joint?
A
Shoulder
17
Q
Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus & stapes?
A
Skull & Ear
18
Q
What are like cells grouped together called?
A
Tissue
19
Q
The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?
A
Popliteal
20
Q
Ceruminous (aprocrine) glands secrete?
A
Earwax
21
Q
What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
A
Hinge
22
Q
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated / increased?
A
Cardiac output
23
Q
Where does digestion begin in the digestive system
A
Oral cavity
24
Q
Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?
A
Plasma Membrane
25
The mediastinum is located within which cavity?
Thoracic cavity
26
What is the effect of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter?
Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite
27
What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?
H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate
28
What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?
Blood clotting
29
Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of lower extremity?
Vastus Lateralis
30
Which structure is located on the sternum
Xiphoid Process
31
The occipital region is located in which part of the body?
Head / Skull
32
Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?
Hemoglobin
33
Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland?"
Pituitary Gland
34
Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?
Ligament
35
What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?
Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)
36
Which statement are true about bone?
Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)
37
Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?
Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)
38
The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body?
Ear
39
Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body
Foot
40
Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?
Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart, Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from the heart)
41
What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?
Cochlea
41
Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning
Temporal Lobe
42
Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?
Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)
43
An over production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?
External ear and canals
43
Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?
Lower leg
44
The mitral valve is located between which two structures?
Left ventricle and left atrium
45
The olfactory nerve is associated in which sense?
Smell
46
Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?
Vena cava
47
Hormones produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen and Progesterone
48
Plane divides the body into left and right sides?
Sagittal
49
Two divisions that make up the nervous system?
PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)
50
The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What are is he describing?
Epiphysis
51
Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?
Medulla oblongata
52
Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body?
Abduction (AB = Away from)
53
Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?
Carotid artery
54
Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) (ADH is also known as Vasopressin)
55
What is the primary function of hemoglobin?
Carry oxygen
56
What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?
rise in CO2; Fall in o2
57
Which condition causes a client to say, "I can't see far away?"
Nearsightedness (Think opposite, far is near, near is far)
58
What is the function of golgi apparatus?
-packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell
-synthesize carbs & glycoproteins
59
What organ produces insulin?
Pancreas
60
Fertilization occurs in the?
oviduct
61
When drawing blood from antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?
Median cubital
62
What hormone induces growth of public and axillary hair at puberty?
Testosterone & Estrogen
63
Increase rate of breathing results in what blood pH change?
Alkalosis
64
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulates balance and thermoregulation
64
How many carbs per gram do carbs contain?
4
65
When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this procress is called?
Osmosis
66
What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?
Body becomes more acidic
67
What part of the body is the lower back?
Lumbar
68
High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?
Potassium
69
What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?
Renal vein (this vein drains the kidney)
70
What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?
Thyroid gland
71
In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?
Macrophages and neutrophils
72
What structure of the eye picks out color?
Retina
73
What is the most protective layer of the skin?
Epidermis
73
The organ of corti is located in the?
Ear
74
The Rough ER functions in the human cells to?
Synthesize proteins
75
Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?
Small intestine
75
Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?
Protein
76
What is the definition of chyme?
Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum
77
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers
78
What female reproductive organ produces occytes, estrogen, & progesterone?
Ovaries
79
What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?
Cilia
80
Which is a hollow organ?
Gall bladder
81
Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group?
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius
82
Which structure is resposible for normal respiratory function?
Medulla oblongta
83
Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect?
Low blood pressure, sickness, head hurting, vision problems
84
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulation is increased?
Blood pressure rises & goose bumps
85
Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?
Red bone marrow
86
The buttocks are which surface of the body?
Dorsal
87
The esophagus is located in which body cavity?
Thoracic
88
The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?
External auditory canal & middle ear
89
How many days is the average menstrual cycle?
28 days
90
Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?
Thymus
91
Calcaneus is located in?
Foot
92
Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?
Expel waste
92
Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for preganancy?
Corpus luteum
93
What are finger prints made of?
Friction ridges
94
ABCD of cancer?
Melanoma
94
Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organ be found?
Pelvic region
94
Which one up angle at the joint?
Extensor
95
Which hormone is released by posterior lobe?
Oxytocin & ADH (ADH is known as Vasopressin)
96
Order of organization of living things?
Organelle, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystem, Biosphere
97
All living things are made up of?
Cells
98
What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?
Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles.
99
Most obvious skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
100
Active transport requires?
Requires energy (ATP) from cell
101
Passive transport?
Does not require energy
102
Diffusion is?
Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration
103
Osmosis is?
Movement of water across a membrane (low to high concentration)
104
Fibrous joints are?
Stationary & held together by ligaments only
105
Cartilaginous is?
Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage
106
Synovial joints are?
Freely mobile
107
Types of asexual reproduction?
binary fission and mitosis
108
What is the eustachian tube?
Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
109
Calciferol (aka vitamin D) is controlled by?
Parathyroid hormone
110
Sebaceous gland function?
Secretes oil
111
What is endocytosis?
Engulfs and brings in (endo = internal)
112
What is exocytosis?
Fuses with plasma membrane & releases contents outside of the cell (exo = exit)
113
Pituitary gland produces?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone
114
What does adrenal gland secrete?
Cortisol & Aldosterone
115
Aerobic respiration takes place in?
Mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy
116
Anaerobic respiration produces?
Energy and uses glucose, but produces less energy and does NOT require oxygen
117
What parts of the respiratory system are in the upper respiratory?
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
118
Aerobic respirations happens in the presence of?
Oxygen
119
What is the soft spot on a baby's head?
Fontanelle
120
Layers of the epidermis?
Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale
121
Parts of the sternum?
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
122
What makes up most plasma?
Water
122
The top of the sternum is called?
Manubrium
123
Polypeptides are?
Chains of amino acids
124
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis
125
What is Meosis?
Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells.
126
Ribs are attached to the?
Sternum
