Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

ANATOMY

Answer 1

the study of the structures of the human body and the substances these structures are made of.

Question 2

PHYSIOLOGY

Answer 2

the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures, including physical & chemical processes.

Question 3

HISTOLOGY

Answer 3

also known as microscopic anatomy, the study of the structure and composition of tissue.

Question 4

CELLS

Answer 4

are the basic unit of all living things from bacteria to plants to animals to human beings. (responsible for carrying all life processes)

Question 5

CELL MEMBRANE

Answer 5

the outer most layer of the cell (skin), encloses the protoplasm and allows soluble (capable of being dissolved or liquified) substances to enter and leave (waste), also protects the cell from its surroundings. (communicates w other cells linking like cells together to form tissues.

Question 6

PROTOPLASM

Answer 6

all living things are composed of this substance, it is a colorless, jelly like substance in which. nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water present, necessary for cell growth, reproduction and self repair. (includes the cytoplasm & the nucleus)

Question 7

CYTOPLASM

Answer 7

the fluid that consist of all the contents outside the nucleus and enclosed within the membrane of a cell, upholds shape, acts as protection/ security system, and is apart of the protoplasm. (nucleus isn’t included)

Question 8

NUCLEUS

Answer 8

the brain of the cell, dense with active protoplasm found in the center, plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism, and within the nucleus is nucleoplasm.

Question 9

NUCLEOPLASM

Answer 9

the fluid that fills the nuclear envelope which contains proteins and a very important acid known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

are small organelles that float freely throughout the cell, the powerhouse, it takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell, the chemical energy used for metabolism is called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Question 11

NEURONS

Answer 11

are nerve cells that makeup the brain, and spinal cord that transmit nerve impulses.

Question 12

MITOSIS

Answer 12

the normal process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs when the cells divides into two identical cells called daughter cells as long as conditions are favorable which include nutrients, oxygen, water, suitable temperature, and the ability to eliminate waste.

Question 13

METABOLISM

Answer 13

a chemical process that takes place in living organisms, it converts nutrients to energy so the cell can function, and eliminates waste.

Question 14

ANABOLISM

Answer 14

uses energy to build up.

Question 15

CATABOLISM

Answer 15

uses energy to breaks down.

Question 16

TISSUE

Answer 16

a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function, the four types of tissue is connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve.

Question 17

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Answer 17

supports, protects, and bind together other tissues of the body. ex. bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons, fascia (separates muscles), blood, and fats (adipose tissue). collagen and elastin are protein fibers that are apart of this type of tissue.

Question 18

ADIPOSE TISSUE

Answer 18

connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and stimulates the body.

Question 19

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Answer 19

a protective lining on cavities of the body and surfaces of organs. ex. skin, mucous membranes, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.

Question 20

MUSCLE TISSUE

Answer 20

contracts and moves the various parts of the body.

Question 21

NERVE TISSUE

Answer 21

carries messages through the central nervous system to control and coordinate all bodily functions. ex. neurons which make up nerves, brain, and spinal cord.

Question 22

INTEGUMENTARY

Answer 22

largest organ, first line of dense against water loss, regulates temperature, perceives sensation, produces vitamin d, and absorbs capabilities. ex. skin, accessory, organs such as sweat glands, (exocrine glands) sensory respirators, hair and nails.

Question 23

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 23

carries messages through the central nervous system, controlling and coordinating all bodily functions. ex. brain, spinal cord, nerves.

Question 24

IMMUNE/ LYMPATHIC

Answer 24

protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease causing toxins, bacteria. ex. spleen, lymph.

Question 25

ENDOCRINE

Answer 25

affects growth development, sexual activities, and normal regulatory processes of the body; consist of specialized glands. ex. adrenal, pituitary gland, pancreas.

Question 26

EXOCRINE GLANDS

Answer 26

known as duct glands,

Question 27

LUNULA

Answer 27

the bottom cresant part of the nail.

Question 28

How many bones does the adult skeleton have?

Answer 28

206

Question 29

Muscles are connected to

Answer 29

bones by tendons.

Question 30

Bones are connected to each other by

Answer 30

ligaments

Question 31

The place where bones meet one another is called

Answer 31

joints

Question 32

What are the 2 types of joints?

Answer 32

movable ex. elbows, knees, hips; and immovable ex. pelvis, skull. (allows little to no movement)

Question 33

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 33

• give shape & support
• protect internal structures/ organs
• body attachments & movement
• produce wbc & rbc (bone marrow)
• store calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, & sodium supply

Question 34

How many bones does the head contain?

Answer 34

22 bones divided into 2 groups the cranium and facial bones.

Question 35

How many bones does the cranium contain?

Answer 35

8

Question 36

How many bones does the face have?

Answer 36

14

Question 37

Name the main 6 bones of the cranium?