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Cat anatomy > Anatomy & physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Alveoli

A

Sacs enclosed by blood capillaries that allow gases to escape or be absorbed.

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2
Q

Anvil

A

One of three small bones in the middle ear that transmits sound waves into the cochlea.

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3
Q

Aorta

A

The main artery from the heart to the rest of the body; carries oxygenated blood.

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart.

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5
Q

Atlas

A

First vertebra of the spinal column, attached to the skull.

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6
Q

Auditory nerve

A

Relays sound messages to the brain.

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7
Q

Axis

A

Second vertebra of the spinal column just below the atlas.

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8
Q

Bile

A

Fluid made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder; secreted into the duodenum where it breaks down the fat.

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9
Q

Bladder

A

A sac that serves as a receptacle for liquids.

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10
Q

Blood

A

Fluid in the body that carries nourishment and oxygen to body cells and waste products away from them.

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11
Q

Bronchi

A

Larger tubes leading from the trachea and branching within the lungs.

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12
Q

Bronchioles

A

Small tubes branching from the bronchi that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide through the lungs

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13
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

Specialized striated muscle found only in the heart.

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14
Q

Caudal

A

Tail vertebrae.

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15
Q

Cervix

A

Opening to the uterus; connects vagina and uterus.

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16
Q

Cochlea

A

Snail-shaped canal that contains the auditory nerve.

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17
Q

Copulation

A

The mating act of a male and female.

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18
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent covering of the eye.

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19
Q

Corps lutea

A

Ovarian follicles after the discharge of ova (eggs).

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20
Q

Crown

A

Visible part of the tooth.

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21
Q

Delivery

A

Passage of the kittens from the uterus, through the birth canal, to the outside world.

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22
Q

Dentine

A

Inner part of the crown.

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23
Q

Dermis

A

Inner layer of skin

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24
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back.

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25
Q

Duodenum

A

First section of the small intestine where much digestion takes place.

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26
Q

Dystocia

A

Obstetrical or birthing problems.

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27
Q

Eardrum

A

Membrane in the ear that turns sound into sound waves.

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28
Q

Eclampsia

A

Depletion of blood calcium; a serious condition that can occur during the nursing period.

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29
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, protective, outer covering of the tooth.

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30
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of skin.

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31
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap that covers trachea while swallowing to prevent food from entering it.

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32
Q

Estrogen

A

A hormone made in the ovaries by follicles; hormone responsible for female’s breeding behaviors.

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33
Q

Estrous

A

The cycle of the recurrent pattern of sexual receptivity followed by periods of time without sexual receptivity in the female.

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34
Q

Estrus

A

The period of the time, during the estrous cycle, when the female is sexually receptive and allows breeding; another term for heat.

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35
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Connects ear and throat; equalizes pressure.

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36
Q

Extend

A

To open or make larger the angle of a joint.

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37
Q

False pregnancy

A

Cat shows all of the physical and mental signs of pregnancy without actually being pregnant.

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38
Q

Fertilization

A

Union of egg and sperm, necessary for egg to develop into a kitten.

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39
Q

Fetus

A

The unborn kitten developing in the uterus.

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40
Q

Flex

A

To close or make the angle of a joint smaller.

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41
Q

Follicle

A

A small cavity, sac or gland.

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42
Q

Gall bladder

A

A sac that stores bile.

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43
Q

Gestation

A

The time from mating to the birth of the kittens.

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44
Q

Hair (fur)

A

Slender, threadlike outgrowths of an animal’s skin

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45
Q

Hair follicle

A

A small cavity from which a hair develops.

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46
Q

Hammer

A

One of three small bones in the middle ear that transmits sound to the cochlea.

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47
Q

Heat

A

Period during which female can mate and get pregnant; a time when she shows a strong interest in mating with male cats.

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48
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A complex protein that functions to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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49
Q

Impermeable

A

Allows nothing to pass through.

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50
Q

Induced ovulation

A

Ovulation occurs as a result of mating.

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51
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of the eye, around the pupil, that regulates pupil size.

52
Q

Joint

A

The union of two or more bones.

53
Q

Kidney

A

Filtering organ of the urinary system.

54
Q

Large intestine

A

Last part of the digestive system.

55
Q

Lens

A

Crystal-like fibrous tissue behind the pupil that bends light rays to focus on the retina.

56
Q

Ligament

A

Connective tissue attached to bones at both ends.

57
Q

Liver

A

Largest organ in the body; makes bile and urea, helps regulate sugar utilization.

58
Q

Lumbar

A

Vertebrae of the lower back.

59
Q

Lungs

A

Respiratory organs located in chest that function to transfer oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

60
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Islands of tissue in the lymphatic system that filters the lymphatic fluid and produce some white blood cells.

61
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw.

62
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper jaw.

63
Q

Mouth

A

Doorway to digestive system.

64
Q

Neuter

A

Surgical removal of the males testicles.

65
Q

Nictitating membrane

A

Third eye; strong, protective membrane.

66
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

Carries odor impulses to the brain.

67
Q

Optic nerve

A

Carries images to the brain.

68
Q

Ova

A

Eggs produced by the ovaries.

69
Q

Ovarian follicle

A

The ovum (egg) and its surrounding cells.

70
Q

Ovaries

A

The bodies in the female cat’s reproductive system which form the eggs or ova.

71
Q

Oviduct

A

The tube connecting the ovary with the uterus; fertilization of eggs occur here.

72
Q

Oxygenate

A

To enrich with oxygen.

73
Q

Pancreas

A

Manufactures insulin that functions in sugar utilization; also manufactures many enzymes that aid in the breakdown of nutrients.

74
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap.

75
Q

Pathogenic

A

Disease causing.

76
Q

Penis

A

Male reproductive organ which is used in copulation.

77
Q

Pharynx

A

Tube shared by digestive and respiratory systems; located front back of mouth to trachea and esophagus.

78
Q

Physiological

A

Pertaining to the functions and processes of living organisms.

79
Q

Placenta

A

Lifeline from the mother to the kitten; means by which the kitten feeds while in uterus.

80
Q

Plasma

A

The fluid portion of blood.

81
Q

Pregnancy

A

Having a fetus or fetuses developing in the uterus.

82
Q

Progesterone

A

Hormone made by the corpora lutea within the ovaries that helps maintain pregnancy.

83
Q

Prostate gland

A

Produces the seminal fluid.

84
Q

Psychological

A

Pertaining to the mind or mental phenomena.

85
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carries oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs.

86
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

87
Q

Pupil

A

Hole in the center of the eye through which light rays pass.

88
Q

Pylorus

A

Muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach; enter ene to the small intestine.

89
Q

Red blood cells

A

The blood cells that carry hemoglobin.

90
Q

Regenerate

A

Regrow.

91
Q

Retina

A

Receives and transmits images to the brain.

92
Q

Root

A

Part of the tooth located below the gum line; holds tooth in place.

93
Q

Sacral

A

Vertebrae at the pelvis that are fused together.

94
Q

Salivary gland

A

Located behind the jaw; moistens food to aid in swallowing and digesting.

95
Q

Sclera

A

White, shiny tissue around the cornea.

96
Q

Scrotum

A

Saclike structure which holds the testicles.

97
Q

Sebrum

A

Oily substance secreted from skin glands that coat cat’s hairs.

98
Q

Semicircular

A

Contain fluid; essential to cat’s balance.

99
Q

Seminal fluid

A

Fluid produced by prostate gland that transports the sperm; during copulation, seminal fluid is ejaculated through the male’s penis into the female’s vagina.

100
Q

Sinus

A

Air-filled pockets within the skull.

101
Q

Small intestine

A

Tube into which food passes from the stomach; process of digestion is completed; neutrinos are absorbed into the blood stream.

102
Q

Smooth muscle

A

The muscle or organs; it is not controlled voluntarily and it does not have microscopic stripes.

103
Q

Spay

A

Surgical removal of the female’s internal reproductive organs.

104
Q

Sperm

A

Seed produced by the male, stored in the testicles, that fertilize the ova (eggs).

105
Q

Spleen

A

An organ that stores red blood cells, destroys old red blood cells and produces some white blood cells.

106
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone.

107
Q

Stirrup

A

One of three small bones in the middle ear that transmits sound to the cochlea.

108
Q

Striated muscle

A

The muscle of voluntary movement; microscopically, it has stripes.

109
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A

Specialized reflective layer beneath the retina; makes cats’ eye shine in the dark.

110
Q

Tendon

A

Connective tissue attached to the bone on one end and muscle on the other.

111
Q

Testicles

A

Manufacture and sore sperm; manufacture testosterone.

112
Q

Testosterone

A

Hormone produced by the testicles, essential to male’s sexual development and activity.

113
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Keeping the body at a correct operating temperature.

114
Q

Thoracic

A

Vertebrae of the chest.

115
Q

Trachea

A

Tube that connects the throat or pharynx with the lungs.

116
Q

Ureters

A

Tubes that connect kidneys and bladder.

117
Q

Urethra

A

Tube that connect the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body.

118
Q

Urinary bladder

A

A sac that serves as a receptacle and storage place for urine.

119
Q

Uterus

A

Female internal reproductive organ where fertilized eggs develop into kittens.

120
Q

Vagina

A

Connects outer and inner female reproductive system; passageway for male cat’s penis during copulation; canal through which kittens pass as they are being born.

121
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that return blood to the heart.

122
Q

Vena cava

A

Large veins that carry blood to the heart.

123
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the belly surface.

124
Q

Vertebra

A

Spinal column bone (plural: vertebrae).

125
Q

Vulva

A

External part of the female reproductive organs.

126
Q

White blood cells

A

Blood cells responsible for defending the body against disease-causing agents.

Cat anatomy (1 decks)

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