Anatomy & Physiology 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Acetabulum
A
depression of the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur
2
Q
Adipose Tissue
A
tissue that stores fat
3
Q
Aerobic Respiration
A
respiratory process that requires oxygen
4
Q
Albinism
A
lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes
5
Q
Anaerobic Respiration
A
respiratory process that does not require oxygen
6
Q
Anabolism
A
cellular processes in which smaller molecules are built up into larger ones
7
Q
Anular Ligament
A
ring-shaped band of connective tissue below the elbow joint that encircles the head of the radius
8
Q
Apoptosis
A
a form of programmed cell death in which cells are shed from a developing structure or otherwise die
9
Q
Arthrology
A
study of joints and ligaments
10
Q
Astrocyte
A
star-shaped neuroglia
11
Q
Axial Skeleton
A
bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
12
Q
Axon
A
cylindrical process that conducts impulses away from a neuron cell body
13
Q
Bipolar Neuron
A
neuron with two processes extending from the cell body
14
Q
Biochemistry
A
branch of science dealing with the chemistry of life-forms
15
Q
Osteoblast
A
cell that will form bone tissue
16
Q
Prepatellar Bursa
A
fluid-filled sac between the skin and the patella
17
Q
Intercalated Disc
A
membranous band that connects cardiac muscle cells
18
Q
Canaliculus
A
tubular passage
19
Q
Pericardium
A
membrane that surrounds the heart
20
Q
Carpals
A
wrist bones
21
Q
Catabolism
A
cellular processes that break down larger molecules into smaller ones
22
Q
Cerebrum
A
largest part of the brain
23
Q
Chondrocyte
A
cartilage cell
24
Q
Osteoclast
A
cell that breaks down bone tissue
25
Clavicle
bone that articulates with the sternum and scapula
26
Coenzyme
substance that unites with a protein to complete the structure of an active enzyme molecule
27
Condyle
rounded, bony process
28
Coracoid Process
beaklike process of the scapula
29
Adrenal Cortex
outer portion of an adrenal gland
30
Cranial
pertaining to the part of the skull that surrounds the brain
31
Cribriform Plate
portion of the ethmoid bone with many small openings
32
Endocrine
internal secretion
33
Crista Galli
bony ridge that projects upward into the cranial cavity
34
Subcutaneous
beneath the skin
35
Cytoplasm
fluid (cytosol) and organelles between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope
36
Osteocyte
bone cell
37
Dehydration
loss or removal of water molecules (H2O)
38
Dendrite
branched process that serves as the receptor surface of a neuron
39
Dermis
inner layer of the skin
40
Disaccharide
a molecule composed of two bonded simple sugar units
41
Diuretic
substance that promotes urine production
42
Dorsal
position toward the back of the body
43
Endocrine Gland
gland that internally secretes into a body fluid
44
Endoplasmic Reticulum
membranous complex within the cytoplasm
45
Ependyma
neuroglia that line spaces in the brain and spinal cord
46
Epidermis
outer layer of the skin
47
Epithelial Tissue
tissue that covers all free body surfaces
48
Synergist
muscle that works with a prime mover, producing a movement
49
Exocrine Gland
gland that secretes to the outside through a duct
50
Fasciculus
bundle of muscle fibers
51
Hair Follicle
tubelike depression in which a hair develops
52
Fovea Capitis
pit in the head of a femur
53
Glenoid Cavity
depression in the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus
54
Neuroglia
cells that support neurons; part of nervous tissue
55
Glycogen
complex carbohydrate composed of glucose molecules bonded in a particular way
56
Myogram
recording of a muscular contraction
57
Histology
study of composition and function of tissues
58
Holocrine Gland
gland that discharges the entire cell containing the secretion
59
Homeostasis
maintenance of a stable internal environment
60
Hormone
substance that a cell secretes that affects another cell
61
Hyaline Cartilage
flexible tissue containing chondrocytes
62
Hyperthyroidism
condition resulting from an above-normal secretion of thyroid hormone
63
Hypertonic
solution that has a greater osmotic pressure than the cytosol
64
Muscular Hypertrophy
enlargement of muscle fibers
65
Hypothyroidism
condition resulting from a below-normal secretion of thyroid hormone
66
Hypotonic
solution that has a lesser osmotic pressure than the cytosol
67
Intercalated Disc
band between adjacent cardiac muscle cells
68
Interphase
stage between mitotic divisions of a cell
69
Intramembranous Bone
bone that forms within sheetlike masses of connective tissue
70
Isotonic Contraction
contraction during which the tension in a muscle remains unchanged
71
Isotonic
solution that has an osmotic pressure equal to that of the cytosol
72
Isotope
atom that has the same atomic number as another atom but a different atomic weight
73
Keratin
protein produced as epidermal cells die and harden
74
Glenoidal Labrum
rim of fibrocartilage attached to the margin of glenoid cavity
75
Prolactin
hormone that promotes milk production
76
Lamella
thin, bony plate
77
Latent Period
period between a stimulus and the beginning of a muscle contraction
78
Neurilemma
sheath that surrounds the myelin of a nerve cell process
79
Sarcolemma
the cell membrane of a muscle fiber
80
Lipids
group of organic compounds that includes fats
81
Physiology
study of body functions
82
Electrolyte
substance that breaks down and releases ions in water
83
Macrophage
large phagocytic cell
84
External Acoustic Meatus
canal of the temporal bone that leads inward to parts of the ear
85
Adrenal Medulla
inner portion of an adrenal gland
86
Melanin
dark pigment produced by certain cells
87
Metabolism
chemical changes in the body
88
Mitosis
stage of cell division when chromosomes condense
89
Monosaccharide
a molecule consisting of a single simple sugar unit
90
Motor Neuron
neuron that stimulates a muscle to contract or a gland to release a secretion
91
Mulitpolar Neuron
neuron with many processes extending from the cell body
92
Mutation
change in genetic information
93
Myofibril
contractile bundle of filaments within a muscle cell
94
Nasal
pertaining to the nose
95
Neuron
nerve cell
96
Odontoid Process
toothlike process of the second cervical vertebra
97
Oligodendrocyte
small type of neuroglia with few cellular processes
98
Orbital
pertaining to the portion of the skull that encircles an eye
99
Osseous Tissue
bone tissue
100
Synovial Fluid
thick fluid in a joint cavity that resembles egg white
101
Parathyroid Glands
set of glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
102
Parietal Membrane
membrane that lines the wall of a cavity
103
Pelvic Cavity
basin-shaped cavity enclosed by the pelvic bones
104
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
portion of the nervous system that consists of the nerves branching from the brain and spinal cord
105
Pericardial Membrane
membrane that surrounds the heart
106
Phagocyte
cell that engulfs and destroys foreign particles
107
Phagocytosis
process by which a cell takes in solid particles
108
Pleural Membrane
membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage
109
Hematopoiesis
process that forms
110
Polyunsaturated
molecule with two or more double bonds between its carbon atoms
111
Pore
opening by which a sweat gland communicates to the skin's surface
112
Prophase
first stage of mitosis
113
Pseudostratified Epithelium
tissue with cells that appear to be in layers, but are not
114
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
network of membranous channels within a muscle fiber
115
Saltatory Conduction
impulse conduction in which the impulse seems to jump from node to node along the axon
116
Sarcoplasm
substance (cytoplasm) within a muscle fiber
117
Sebaceous Gland
gland that secretes an oily substance
118
Sensory Neuron
neuron that can be stimulated by a sensory receptor and conducts impulses into the brain or spinal cord
119
Ribosome
tiny, spherical organelle composed of protein and RNA that supports protein synthesis
120
Squamous Epithelium
tissue with flattened or scalelike cells
121
Homeostasis
maintenance of a stable internal environment
122
Stratified Epithelium
tissue with cells in layers
123
Substrate
substance upon which an enzyme acts
124
Striation
alternating light and dark cross-markings in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
125
Sudoriferous Glands
exocrine glands that secrete sweat
126
Superior
referring to a body part located above another
127
Suture
type of joint in which flat bones are interlocked by a set of tiny bony processes
128
Synapse
junction between two neurons
129
Synergist
muscle that works with a prime mover, producing a movement
130
Synthesis
process by which chemicals join to form new types of chemicals
131
Synchondrosis
type of joint in which the bones are held together by cartilage
132
Syndesmosis
type of joint in which the bones are held together by long connective tissue
133
Tetanic Contraction
sustained muscular contraction
134
Oxytocin
hormone that stimulates the uterine muscles to contract during childbirth
135
Anatomy
study of structure, which often involves cutting or removing body parts
136
Muscular Hypertrophy
enlargement of muscle fibers
137
Adrenocorticotropic Hormones
a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex
138
Unipolar
neuron with only one process extending from the cell body
139
Vasopressin
hormone that helps maintain blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
140
Vesicle
small, saclike organelle that contains substances to be transported within the cell or secreted
141
Enzyme
protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed
142
Enzyme
protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed
