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Health Sciences > Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Acetabulum

A

depression of the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur

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2
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

tissue that stores fat

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3
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

respiratory process that requires oxygen

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4
Q

Albinism

A

lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes

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5
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

respiratory process that does not require oxygen

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6
Q

Anabolism

A

cellular processes in which smaller molecules are built up into larger ones

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7
Q

Anular Ligament

A

ring-shaped band of connective tissue below the elbow joint that encircles the head of the radius

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8
Q

Apoptosis

A

a form of programmed cell death in which cells are shed from a developing structure or otherwise die

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9
Q

Arthrology

A

study of joints and ligaments

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10
Q

Astrocyte

A

star-shaped neuroglia

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11
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

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12
Q

Axon

A

cylindrical process that conducts impulses away from a neuron cell body

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13
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

neuron with two processes extending from the cell body

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14
Q

Biochemistry

A

branch of science dealing with the chemistry of life-forms

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15
Q

Osteoblast

A

cell that will form bone tissue

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16
Q

Prepatellar Bursa

A

fluid-filled sac between the skin and the patella

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17
Q

Intercalated Disc

A

membranous band that connects cardiac muscle cells

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18
Q

Canaliculus

A

tubular passage

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19
Q

Pericardium

A

membrane that surrounds the heart

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20
Q

Carpals

A

wrist bones

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21
Q

Catabolism

A

cellular processes that break down larger molecules into smaller ones

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22
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain

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23
Q

Chondrocyte

A

cartilage cell

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24
Q

Osteoclast

A

cell that breaks down bone tissue

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25
Q

Clavicle

A

bone that articulates with the sternum and scapula

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26
Q

Coenzyme

A

substance that unites with a protein to complete the structure of an active enzyme molecule

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27
Q

Condyle

A

rounded, bony process

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28
Q

Coracoid Process

A

beaklike process of the scapula

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29
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

outer portion of an adrenal gland

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30
Q

Cranial

A

pertaining to the part of the skull that surrounds the brain

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31
Q

Cribriform Plate

A

portion of the ethmoid bone with many small openings

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32
Q

Endocrine

A

internal secretion

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33
Q

Crista Galli

A

bony ridge that projects upward into the cranial cavity

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34
Q

Subcutaneous

A

beneath the skin

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35
Q

Cytoplasm

A

fluid (cytosol) and organelles between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope

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36
Q

Osteocyte

A

bone cell

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37
Q

Dehydration

A

loss or removal of water molecules (H2O)

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38
Q

Dendrite

A

branched process that serves as the receptor surface of a neuron

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39
Q

Dermis

A

inner layer of the skin

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40
Q

Disaccharide

A

a molecule composed of two bonded simple sugar units

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41
Q

Diuretic

A

substance that promotes urine production

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42
Q

Dorsal

A

position toward the back of the body

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43
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

gland that internally secretes into a body fluid

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44
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

membranous complex within the cytoplasm

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45
Q

Ependyma

A

neuroglia that line spaces in the brain and spinal cord

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46
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer of the skin

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47
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

tissue that covers all free body surfaces

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48
Q

Synergist

A

muscle that works with a prime mover, producing a movement

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49
Q

Exocrine Gland

A

gland that secretes to the outside through a duct

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50
Q

Fasciculus

A

bundle of muscle fibers

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51
Q

Hair Follicle

A

tubelike depression in which a hair develops

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52
Q

Fovea Capitis

A

pit in the head of a femur

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53
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A

depression in the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus

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54
Q

Neuroglia

A

cells that support neurons; part of nervous tissue

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55
Q

Glycogen

A

complex carbohydrate composed of glucose molecules bonded in a particular way

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56
Q

Myogram

A

recording of a muscular contraction

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57
Q

Histology

A

study of composition and function of tissues

58
Q

Holocrine Gland

A

gland that discharges the entire cell containing the secretion

59
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintenance of a stable internal environment

60
Q

Hormone

A

substance that a cell secretes that affects another cell

61
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

flexible tissue containing chondrocytes

62
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

condition resulting from an above-normal secretion of thyroid hormone

63
Q

Hypertonic

A

solution that has a greater osmotic pressure than the cytosol

64
Q

Muscular Hypertrophy

A

enlargement of muscle fibers

65
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

condition resulting from a below-normal secretion of thyroid hormone

66
Q

Hypotonic

A

solution that has a lesser osmotic pressure than the cytosol

67
Q

Intercalated Disc

A

band between adjacent cardiac muscle cells

68
Q

Interphase

A

stage between mitotic divisions of a cell

69
Q

Intramembranous Bone

A

bone that forms within sheetlike masses of connective tissue

70
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

contraction during which the tension in a muscle remains unchanged

71
Q

Isotonic

A

solution that has an osmotic pressure equal to that of the cytosol

72
Q

Isotope

A

atom that has the same atomic number as another atom but a different atomic weight

73
Q

Keratin

A

protein produced as epidermal cells die and harden

74
Q

Glenoidal Labrum

A

rim of fibrocartilage attached to the margin of glenoid cavity

75
Q

Prolactin

A

hormone that promotes milk production

76
Q

Lamella

A

thin, bony plate

77
Q

Latent Period

A

period between a stimulus and the beginning of a muscle contraction

78
Q

Neurilemma

A

sheath that surrounds the myelin of a nerve cell process

79
Q

Sarcolemma

A

the cell membrane of a muscle fiber

80
Q

Lipids

A

group of organic compounds that includes fats

81
Q

Physiology

A

study of body functions

82
Q

Electrolyte

A

substance that breaks down and releases ions in water

83
Q

Macrophage

A

large phagocytic cell

84
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

A

canal of the temporal bone that leads inward to parts of the ear

85
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

inner portion of an adrenal gland

86
Q

Melanin

A

dark pigment produced by certain cells

87
Q

Metabolism

A

chemical changes in the body

88
Q

Mitosis

A

stage of cell division when chromosomes condense

89
Q

Monosaccharide

A

a molecule consisting of a single simple sugar unit

90
Q

Motor Neuron

A

neuron that stimulates a muscle to contract or a gland to release a secretion

91
Q

Mulitpolar Neuron

A

neuron with many processes extending from the cell body

92
Q

Mutation

A

change in genetic information

93
Q

Myofibril

A

contractile bundle of filaments within a muscle cell

94
Q

Nasal

A

pertaining to the nose

95
Q

Neuron

A

nerve cell

96
Q

Odontoid Process

A

toothlike process of the second cervical vertebra

97
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

small type of neuroglia with few cellular processes

98
Q

Orbital

A

pertaining to the portion of the skull that encircles an eye

99
Q

Osseous Tissue

A

bone tissue

100
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

thick fluid in a joint cavity that resembles egg white

101
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A

set of glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

102
Q

Parietal Membrane

A

membrane that lines the wall of a cavity

103
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

basin-shaped cavity enclosed by the pelvic bones

104
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

portion of the nervous system that consists of the nerves branching from the brain and spinal cord

105
Q

Pericardial Membrane

A

membrane that surrounds the heart

106
Q

Phagocyte

A

cell that engulfs and destroys foreign particles

107
Q

Phagocytosis

A

process by which a cell takes in solid particles

108
Q

Pleural Membrane

A

membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage

109
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

process that forms

110
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

molecule with two or more double bonds between its carbon atoms

111
Q

Pore

A

opening by which a sweat gland communicates to the skin’s surface

112
Q

Prophase

A

first stage of mitosis

113
Q

Pseudostratified Epithelium

A

tissue with cells that appear to be in layers, but are not

114
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

network of membranous channels within a muscle fiber

115
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

impulse conduction in which the impulse seems to jump from node to node along the axon

116
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

substance (cytoplasm) within a muscle fiber

117
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

gland that secretes an oily substance

118
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

neuron that can be stimulated by a sensory receptor and conducts impulses into the brain or spinal cord

119
Q

Ribosome

A

tiny, spherical organelle composed of protein and RNA that supports protein synthesis

120
Q

Squamous Epithelium

A

tissue with flattened or scalelike cells

121
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintenance of a stable internal environment

122
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A

tissue with cells in layers

123
Q

Substrate

A

substance upon which an enzyme acts

124
Q

Striation

A

alternating light and dark cross-markings in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

125
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

exocrine glands that secrete sweat

126
Q

Superior

A

referring to a body part located above another

127
Q

Suture

A

type of joint in which flat bones are interlocked by a set of tiny bony processes

128
Q

Synapse

A

junction between two neurons

129
Q

Synergist

A

muscle that works with a prime mover, producing a movement

130
Q

Synthesis

A

process by which chemicals join to form new types of chemicals

131
Q

Synchondrosis

A

type of joint in which the bones are held together by cartilage

132
Q

Syndesmosis

A

type of joint in which the bones are held together by long connective tissue

133
Q

Tetanic Contraction

A

sustained muscular contraction

134
Q

Oxytocin

A

hormone that stimulates the uterine muscles to contract during childbirth

135
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure, which often involves cutting or removing body parts

136
Q

Muscular Hypertrophy

A

enlargement of muscle fibers

137
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormones

A

a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex

138
Q

Unipolar

A

neuron with only one process extending from the cell body

139
Q

Vasopressin

A

hormone that helps maintain blood pressure by constricting blood vessels

140
Q

Vesicle

A

small, saclike organelle that contains substances to be transported within the cell or secreted

141
Q

Enzyme

A

protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed

142
Q

Enzyme

A

protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed

Health Sciences (2 decks)

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