Anatomy & Physiology 1

Question 1

heirarchy of structural organization

Answer 1

chemical level, cellular level, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

4 types of tissue

Answer 2

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 3

What is histology?

Answer 3

the study of tissues and how they form organs

Question 4

Definition of tissues

Answer 4

Group of cells closely associated that have a similar structure and perform a related function

Question 5

epithelial tissue functions

Answer 5

protection, secretion, absorption, ion transport

Question 6

classes of epithelium layers

Answer 6

simple, stratified, pseudostratified

Question 7

classes of epithelium shapes

Answer 7

squamous, columnar, cuboidal, transitional

Question 8

epithelial tissue examples

Answer 8

lining of GI tract organs & other hollow organs
skin surface/epidermis

Question 9

types of epithelium

Answer 9

simple squamous, simple columnar, simple cuboidal, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous keratinized, stratified squamous non-keratinized, transitional

Question 10

2 types of specialized epithelium

Answer 10

endothelium & mesothelium

Question 11

endothelium

Answer 11

lines vessels

lymphatic and blood vessels

Question 12

mesothelium

Answer 12

lines body cavities

pleura, peritoneum, pericardium

Question 13

2 features of apical surface of epithelium

Answer 13

microvilli and cilia

Question 14

microvilli

Answer 14

e.g. small intestine; finger-like

Question 15

cilia

Answer 15

e.g. respiratory tubes; whip-like

Question 16

3 types of cell junctions (a feature of the lateral surface of epithelium)

Answer 16

desmosomes, gap junctions, tight junctions

Question 17

desmosomes

Answer 17

proteins hold cells together to maintain tissue integrity

Question 18

gap junctions

Answer 18

proteins allow small molecules to pass through

Question 19

tight junctions

Answer 19

plasma membrane of adjacent cells fuse, nothing passes

Question 20

2 components of basal surface of epithelium

Answer 20

basal lamina, reticular fiber layer

Question 21

basal lamina

Answer 21

superficial layer, acts as a layer

Question 22

reticular fiber layer

Answer 22

deeper layer, acts as support

Question 23

4 types of connective tissue

Answer 23

ct proper (loose and dense), bone, cartilage, blood

Question 24

ct functions

Answer 24

connecting, storing & carrying nutrients, protection, fight infection

Question 25

ct origin?

Answer 25

mesenchyme

Question 26

general ct

Answer 26

loose ct, dense ct, mucoid tissue, adipose tissue

Question 27

specialized ct

Answer 27

cartilage, bone, hemolymphoid tissue

Question 28

8 types of cells

Answer 28

1. (a) fibroblasts (b) fibrocytes
2. adipose cells
3. plasma cells
4. mast cells
5. macrophages
6. leukocytes
7. pigment cells
8. mesenchymal cells

Question 29

3 types of ct fibers

Answer 29

reticular, collagen, elastic

Question 30

ct components

Answer 30

fibroblasts, interstitial fluid, ground matrix

Question 31

3 types of cartilage

Answer 31

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 32

4 bone shapes

Answer 32

flat, irregular, long, short

Question 33

What is the production of blood cells?

Answer 33

hematopoiesis

Question 34

3 types of blood cells

Answer 34

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Question 35

muscle tissue functions

Answer 35

movement, maintenance of posture, joint stabilization, heat generation

Question 36

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 36

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 37

voluntary muscle

Answer 37

skeletal

Question 38

involuntary muscle

Answer 38

cardiac & smooth

Question 39

3 components of neurons

Answer 39

cell body, dendrite, axon

Question 40

5 types of support cells (nervous tissue)

Answer 40

satellite cells, Schwann cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells

Question 41

3 body membrane functions

Answer 41

cover surfaces, line body cavities, form protective sheets around organs, lubricate surfaces

Question 42

2 categories of body membranes

Answer 42

epithelial membranes, ct membranes

Question 43

3 types of epithelial membranes

Answer 43

cutaneous, serous, mucous

Question 44

3 types of specialized serous membranes

Answer 44

pleura, peritoneum, pericardium

Question 45

type of ct membrane

Answer 45

synovial

Question 46

4 skin derivatives

Answer 46

sweat glands, oil glands, hairs, nails

Question 47

skin functions

Answer 47

protection, aid in heat regulation, aid in urea and uric acid excretion, synthesizes vit. D, cutaneous sensory receptors

Question 48

skin layers

Answer 48

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 49

5 layers of epidermis

Answer 49

from deepest to outermost

stratum basale, s spinosum, s granulosur, s lucidum, s corneum

Question 50

melanin

Answer 50

yellow to black pigment

Question 51

membrane-bound granules

Answer 51

melanosomes

Question 52

2 dermis layers

Answer 52

papillary (outer) and reticular (lower)

Question 53

3 pigments that contribute to skin color

Answer 53

melanin, hemoglobin, carotene

Question 54

reddened skin

Answer 54

erythema

Question 55

blanching

Answer 55

pallor

Question 56

yellowing

Answer 56

jaundice

Question 57

black & blue coloring

Answer 57

bruises

Question 58

3 skin appendages

Answer 58

cutaneous glands, hair & hair follicles, nails

Question 59

2 groups of cutaneous glands

Answer 59

sebaceous and sweat (sudoriferous) glands