Anatomy/Phys

Question 1

Erythrocyte

Answer 1

Life span 120 days – energy from glucose – membrane has Cl/HCO3 antiporter — reticulocyte is immature RBC

Question 2

Platelet

Answer 2

Life span of 8-10 days – dense granules (ADP, Ca) and a granules (vWF, fibrinogen)

Question 3

Leukocyte differential

Answer 3

Neutrophils Like Making Everything Better – Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Question 4

Neutrophil

Answer 4

Multilobed – specific granules (ALP, collagenase, lysozyme, lactoferrin) – azurophilic granules (proteinases, acid phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, B-glucouronidase)

Question 5

Monocyte/Macrophage

Answer 5

Monocyte in blood, macrophage in tissue – activated by y-interferon – granuloma formation – antigen presenting via MHC II – lipid A binds CD14 on macs for septic shock

Question 6

Eosinophil

Answer 6

Helminthic infections (major basic protein) – makes histaminase – causes are NAACP (Neoplasia, Asthma, Allergic processes, Chronic adrenal insufficiency, invasive Parasite)

Question 7

Basophil

Answer 7

Allergic reaction – contain heparin and histamine

Question 8

Mast cell

Answer 8

Allergic reaction in local tissues – bind Fc portion of IgE to membrane – degranulation releases histamine, heparin, and eosinophilc chemotactic factors – type I hypersensitivity

Question 9

Dendritic cell

Answer 9

Link between innate and adaptive immunity – has MHC class II and Fc recepotrs – Langerhans cell in skin

Question 10

B cell

Answer 10

CD 19, CD 20, CD21 – humoral immune response – differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells

Question 11

T cell

Answer 11

CD3/CD4 (helper, MHC II) or CD3/CD8 (cytotoxic, MHC I) – cellular immune response

Question 12

Plasma cell

Answer 12

Clock face chromatin distribution, abundant RER

Question 13

Blood type A

Answer 13

Anti-B IgM – hemolytic reaction if receive B or AB

Question 14

Blood type B

Answer 14

Anti-A IgM – hemolytic reaction if receive A or AB

Question 15

Blood type AB

Answer 15

No antibodies (universal recipient of RBCs, univeral donor of plasma)

Question 16

Blood type O

Answer 16

No surface antigens so universal donor of RBCs and universal recipient of plasma) – Anti-A and Anti-B IgM antibodies

Question 17

Rh -

Answer 17

Anti-D antibody (IgG) so can cross placenta

Question 18

Hemolytic diseaes of newborn

Answer 18

Rh- moms exposed to fetal Rh+ blood make anti-D IgG which will cross placenta in next pregnancy and cause hemolysis of fetal RBCs if fetus is Rh+ (prevent with RHOGAM)

Question 19

Intrinsic pathway

Answer 19

Subendothelial collagen – 12, 11, 9, 8 – monitor with PTT, treat with Heparin

Question 20

Extrinsic pathway

Answer 20

Factor 7, thromboplasin is tissue factor – monitor with PT, treat with Warfarin

Question 21

Common pathway

Answer 21

Factors 10, 5, 2 (prothrombin), and 1 (fibrinogen) – plasmin degrades fibrinogen (tPA and thrombolytics increase plasmin)

Question 22

Anticoagulation

Answer 22

Protein C and protein S are anti-coagulation factors

Question 23

Platelet plug formation

Answer 23

Injury (endothelial damage leads to transient vasoconstriction) –> exposure (vWF binds collagen) –> adhesion (platelets bind vWF via GpIb, platelets release ADP and Ca, ADP helps platelets adhere) –> activation (ADP binding induces GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface) –> aggregation (fibrinogen binds GpIIb/IIIa receptors and links platelets)