ANATOMY PEARLS Flashcards
1
Q
Upper Brachial Plexus Injury
A
C5 & C6; SHOULDER DYSTOCIA; LATERAL loss of sensation (SHOULDER & THUMB)
2
Q
Lower Brachial Plexus Injury
A
C8 & T1; ULNAR and MEDIAN nerve damage; MEDIAL loss of sensation (HYPOTHENAR & LITTLE FINGER)
3
Q
Erb- Duchenne’s Syndrome
A
C5 & C6; PROXIMAL muscles; WAITER’s TIP; LATERAL altered sensation (FOREARM, THUMB & INDEX)
4
Q
Klumpke’s Paralysis
A
C8 & T1; DISTAL muscles; APE HAND and CLAW HAND; MEDIAL altered sensation (HAND, RING & LITTLE)
5
Q
Muscles of Shoulder
A
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis, Deltoid Teres Major
6
Q
Sumarize Shoulder Muscles and their Actions
A
Supraspinatus & Teres Major (ABDUCTORS); Infraspinatus & Teres Minor (LATERAL ROTATORS); Subscapularis & Teres Major (MEDIAL ROTATORS)
7
Q
Axillary Nerve Innervation
A
DELTOID and TERES MINOR
8
Q
Musculocutaneous Nerve Innervation
A
ANTERIOR/ FLEXOR COMPARTMENT of ARM
9
Q
Radial Nerve Innervation
A
POSTERIOR/ EXTENSOR COMPARTMENT of ARM
10
Q
Median Nerve Innervation
A
ANTERIOR/ FLEXOR COMPARTMENT of FOREARM EXCEPT FCU & FDP - ULNAR n
11
Q
Ulnar Nerve Innervation
A
INTRINSIC MUSCLES of HAND
12
Q
Surgical Neck Fracture
A
AXILLARY NERVE (posterior circumflex artery)
13
Q
Midshaft/ Spiral Fracture
A
RADIAL NERVE (profunda brachial artery)
14
Q
Supracondylar Fracture
A
MEDIAN NERVE
15
Q
Medial Epicondyle Fracture
A
ULNAR NERVE
16
Q
Cubital Fossa contents from Medial to Lateral
A
MEDIAN art, BRACHIAL art, BICEPS BRACHII tendon, RADIAL nerve
17
Q
Rotator Cuff Muscles
A
SUPRASPINATUS, INFRASPINATUS, TERES MINOR, SUBSCAPULARIS; WEAKEST on INFERIOR, PRONE to DISLOCATION at ANTERIOR
18
Q
Quadrangular Space
A
TERES MINOR (above), TERES MAJOR (below), LONG HEAD of TRICEPS BRACHII (medial), SURGICAL NECK of HUMERUS (lateral)
19
Q
Contents of Quadrangular Space
A
AXILLARY NERVE (Circumflex Nerve), POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL VESSELS
20
Q
Long Thoracic Nerve Lesion
A
SERRATUS ANTERIOR; WINGING of VERTEBRAL BORDER of scapula; WEAKNESS in PROTRACTION of SCAPULA, DIFFICULTY RAISING ARM ABOVE HEAD
21
Q
First and last bone to ossify; Describe Shape
A
CLAVICLE; Medial 2/3 Convex Forward, Distal 1/3 Flattened
22
Q
Injury upon fall on shoulder or outstretched hand
A
CLAVICULAR FRACTURE (MEDIAL ELEVATED by SCM, DISTAL DOWNWARD by GRAVITY & DELTOID)
23
Q
Nerve Injury resulting from Clavicular Fracture
A
LOWER BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY (HEMORRHAGE from SUBCLAVIAN VEIN)
24
Q
Anomaly in Femoral Head Dislocation
A
commonly POSTERIOR direction; thigh MEDIALLY ROTATED by GLUTEUS MEDIUS & GLUTEUS MINIMUS; SCIATIC NERVE COMPRESSION
25
Flexion of Hip Joint
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
26
Extension of Hip Joint
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT & GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
27
Adduction of Hip Joint
MEDIAL COMPARTMENT
28
Abduction of Hip Joint
GLUTEUS MEDIUS & MINIMUS
29
Medial Rotation of Hip Joint
GLUTEUS MEDIUS & MINIMUS
30
Lateral Rotation of Hip Joint
PIRIFORMIS, OBTURATOR INTERNUS SUPERIOR & INFERIOR GEMELLI, QUADRATUS FEMORIS
31
Innervation of Anterior Compartment of Hip & Function
FEMORAL NERVE; FLEXION at THIGH, EXTENSION at KNEE
32
Innervation of Posterior Compartment of Hip & Function
SCIATIC NERVE; EXTENSION at THIGH, FLEXION at KNEE
33
Innervation of Medial Compartment of Hip & Function
OBTURATOR NERVE; ADDUCTION
34
Anterior Thigh Muscles
(PITS-Q) PECTINEUS, ILIOPSOAS, TENSOR FASCIA LATA, SARTORIUS, QUADRICEPS FEMORIS (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius); FLEXOR at THIGH, EXTEND at LEG
35
Relation of Nerves to Psoas Muscle
All nerves are LATERAL of PSOAS EXCEPT GENITOFEMORAL (Anterior) & OBTURATOR (Medial)
36
Medial Thigh Muscles
"Bayag Lapit Masyado, Gosh!" adductor Brevis, adductor Longus, adductor Magnus, Gracilis; ADDUCTS THIGH
37
Posterior Thigh Muscles
Hamstrings (SEMITENDINOSUS, SEMIMEMBRANOSUS, BICEPS FEMORIS, ADDUCTOR MAGNUS)
38
Injury in Sciatic Nerve Lesions
L5 & S1 root compression
39
Injury in Femoral Nerve Lesions
WEAKNESS in FLEXING THIGH, EXTENDING KNEE; DIMINISHED PATELLAR TENDON REFLEX
40
Anomaly in Superior Gluteal Nerve Lesion Injury
WEAKENED ABDUCTION of THIGH; WADDLING GAIT; PELVIS SAG on unsupported limb; (+) TRENDELENBURG
41
Anomaly in Inferior Gluteal Nerve Lesion Injury
WEAKENED LATERAL ROTATION of THIGH; DIFFICULTY CLIMBING STAIRS or RISING from CHAIR; GLUTEUS MAXIMUS GAIT
42
Muscles that Medially Rotate Thigh
GLUTEUS MEDIUS & MINIMUS, TENSOR FASCIA LATA
43
Femoral Sheath
FEMORAL ARTERY (Lateral), FEMORAL VEIN (Intermmediate), FEMORAL CANAL (Medial)
44
Anterior Leg Muscles
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR, PERONIUS TERTIUS, EXT. DIGITORUM LONGUS, EXT. DIGITORUM BREVIS, EXT. HALLUCIS LONGUS; DEEP PERONEAL NERVE; DORSIFLEXION/ EXTENSION
45
Lateral Leg Muscles
PERONEUS LONGUS, PERONEUS BREVIS; SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL NERVE; PLANTARFLEXION & EVERTION
46
Posterior Leg Muscles
GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS, SOLEUS (SUPERFICIAL) POPLITEUS, FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS, FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS, TIBIALIS POSTERIOR; TIBIAL NERVE; PLANTAR FLEXION/ FLEXION
47
Injury in Tibial Nerve Lesions
CAN'T STAND on TIPTOES
48
Common Peroneal/ Fibular Nerve Lesions
MOST FREQUENTLY INJURED NERVE in LOWER LIMB; FOOT DROP; STEPPAGE GAIT; LATERAL LEG & DORSUM pain & paresthesia
49
Superficial Peroneal/ Fibular Nerve Lesions
DORSAL FOOT pain & paresthesia; WEAKNESS in FOOT EVERSION
50
Deep Peroneal/ Fibular Nerve Lesions
FOOT DROP; PARESTHESIA of WEBBED SPACE BETWEEN BIG TOE AND 2nd TOE
51
Medial/ Deltoid Ligament
LIMITS EVERSION
52
Lateral Ligament
LIMITS EXCESSIVE INVERSION
53
Attach to Anterior of Tibia coursing POSTERIORLY and EXTERNALLY attaching to lateral condyle of femur; prevents ANTERIOR sliding of TIBIA; limits HYPEREXTENSION
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT/ "APEX" LIGAMENT
54
Attach to Posterior of Tibia coursing ANTERIORLY and INTERNALLY attaching to lateral condyle of femur; prevents POSTERIOR sliding of TIBIA; limits HYPERFLEXION
POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT/ "PAIN" LIGAMENT
55
Prevents ADDUCTION of LEG at KNEE
FIBULAR/ LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
56
Prevents ABDUCTION of LEG at KNEE
TIBIAL/ MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
57
the TERRIBLE TRIAD
TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT, MEDIAL MENISCUS & ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (Blow to LATERAL of knee = Tibial Collateral & Medial Meniscus Injury; Blow to ANTERIOR of knee = ACL Injury only)
58
Muscles of Extension of Knee
QUADRICEPS (Femoral Nerve)
59
Muscles of Flexion of Knee
HAMSTRINGS (Sciatic Nerve)
60
Muscles of Lateral Rotation of Knee
BICEPS FEMORIS
61
Muscles of Medial Rotation of Knee
POPLITEUS, SEMITENDINOSUS, SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
62
Sharp, Stabbing pain at sensory branches of MAXILLARY or MANDIBULAR DIVISION
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
63
Location of Pressure or interruption of the blood supply in Trigeminal Neuralgia
SEMILUNAR GANGLION/ TRIGEMINAL GANGLION
64
Trigeminal Nerve exits brain via
LATERAL SURFACE of PONS
65
3 Divisions of Trigeminal Nerve
OPHTHALMIC (Lacrimal, Supraorbital, Supratrochlear, Infratrochlear) MAXILLARY (Infraorbital & Zygomaticofacial) MANDIBULAR (Auriculotemporal, Buccal & Mental)
66
Paralysis of muscles of facial expression, (-) special sensation on anterior 2/3 of tongue, dry mouth, (-) tears, hyperacussis (abnormally acute hearing)
BELL's PALSY
67
Innervations of Trigeminal Nerve
MOTOR: Muscles of Mastication; SENSORY: Mucus membranes at anterior 2/3 of tongue; Skin of Face
68
Innervations of Facial Nerve
MOTOR: Muscles of Facial Expression; SENSORY: Taste Buds at anterior 2/3 of tongue
69
CN affected in brain lesions
MIDBRAIN (CN III, IV) PONS (CN V, VII, VIII) MEDULLA (CN IX, X, XI, XII)
70
Closure of Eyelid in response to blowing in Cornea or touching it with wisp of cotton caused by contraction of Orbicularis Oculi muscles
CORNEAL BLINK REFLEX (Efferent Limb: Facial nerve; Afferent Limb: Nasociliary nerve of Ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve)
71
Result from infection in the Orbit, Nasal Sinuses & Superior Part of Face
CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS (Affects CN III, IV, VI, V1, V2 and Internal Carotid Artery)
72
Affected by Jugular Foramen
CN IX, X, XI
73
Affected by Supraorbital Fissure
CN III, IV, VI
74
Skull Fracture at Pterion result to
LACERATION of MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY resulting to EPIDURAL or EXTRADURAL HEMATOMA
75
Injury on Skull Fracture at Petrous portion of Temporal Bone
Cause BLOOD to ESCAPE from EAR, HEARING LOSS & FACIAL NERVE DAMAGE
76
Injury on Skull Fracture at Anterior Cranial Fossa
ANOSMIA, PERIORBITAL BRUISING/ RACOON EYES, RHINORRHEA
77
Enumerate Pharyngeal Arches
"You CHEW, you SMILE, you SWALLOW and SAY it's YUMMY": PA I (Mastication - CN V), PA II (Facial Expression - CN VII), PA III (Deglutition - CN IX), PA IV & VI (Phonation - CN X)
78
Acute explosive "Worst Headache of my Life"
BERRY ANEURYSMS (MOST COMMON - anterior part of Circle of willis: Ant Communicating, Post Communicating or MCA)
79
Circle of Willis components
OPHTHALMIC, POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL, MIDDLE CEREBRAL
80
Identify Brodmann Area of Pre- Central Gyrus
BA 4 (PRIMARY MOTOR AREA)
81
Identify Brodmann Area of Post- Central Gyrus
BA 3, 1, 2 (PRIMARY SOMESTHETIC AREA)
82
Identify Brodmann Area of Vision
BA 17 (PRIMARY VISUAL AREA)
83
Identify Brodmann Area of Hearing
BA 41, 42 (PRIMARY AUDITORY AREA)
84
Identify Brodmann Area of Inferior Frontal Gyrus
BA 44, 45 (BROCA'S AREA) = MOTOR/ EXPRESSIVE APHASIA
85
Identify Brodmann Area of Superior Temporal Gyrus
BA 22 (WERNICKE'S AREA) = SENSORY/ RECEPTIVE APHASIA
86
Sensory and Motor Area of Cerebral Cortex
PRE- central gyrus = MOTOR; POST- central gyrus = SENSORY
87
All area in Cerebral Cortex (Humonculus) by Middle Cerebral Artery except
LEG AREA supplied by ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
88
Enumerate EOMs and their functions after Injury
SO4 EXTORTED (outward, upward), LR6 ADDUCTED (inward), the rest are ABDUCTED & DEPRESSED (outward, downward)
89
Branches of Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
NASOCILIARY, LACRIMAL, FRONTAL Nerve
90
Nerves affected in Common Tendinous Ring Injury
SO-L-I-M (Superior Oblique, Lateral Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Medial Rectus)
91
Sensory Nerve supply of Dura Mater
TRIGEMINAL & FIRST 3 CERVICAL NERVES
92
Innervation of Dura Above Tentorium
TRIGEMINAL NERVE (Headache at Forehead & Face)
93
Innervation of Dura Below Tentorium
CERVICAL NERVE (Headache at Back of Head & Neck)
94
Layers of SCALP
SCALP: Skin, Connective Tissue, Aponeurosis/ Galea Aponeurotica (BLEEDING or GAPING WOUND), Loose Connective Tissue (DANGER AREA for INFECTION), Pericardium
95
Cerebrum Derivative
TELENCEPHALON
96
Thalamus Derivative
DIENCEPHALON
97
Midbrain Derivative
MESENCEPHALON
98
Pons & Cerebellum Derivative
METENCEPHALON
99
Medulla Derivative
MYELENCEPHALON
100
Contained within PETROUS part of TEMPORAL BONE; contains CHORDA TYMPANI of CN VII & TYMPANIC PLEXUS of CN IX
TYMPANIC CAVITY (Innervated by Tympanic Branch of Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
101
Causes Hyperacusis
STAPEDIUS MUSCLE (Innervated by Facial Nerve)
102
Innervates Tensor Tympani Muscle
MANDIBULAR BRANCH of TRIGEMINAL NERVE
103
Abnormal bone formation around stapes and oval window; causes Conduction Deafness
OTOSCLEROSIS
104
Components of Bony Labyrinth
VESTIBULE & COCHLEA (Scala Tympani & Scala Vestibuli)
105
Contains PERILYMPH
BONY LABYRINTH
106
Contains ENDOLYMPH
MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH
107
Increase endolymphatic fluid pressure characterized by tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss; Horizontal nystagmus
MENIER'S DISEASE
108
First to develop in Internal Ear
OTIC PLACODE on side of MYELENCEPHALON (4th Week)
109
Primordium of Membranous Labyrinth
OTIC VESICLE (OTOCYST)
110
3 Sources of Eardrum/ Tympanic Membrane
1st Pharyngeal Groove (Ectoderm), Tubotympanic Recess (Endoderm), 1st & 2nd Pharyngeal Arch (Mesoderm)
111
Paranasal Sinus that present in Rudimentary form at birth
MAXILLARY & SPHENOIDAL SINUS
112
Largest and most commonly Infected because its Ostia/ Openings are located Superiorly
MAXILLARY SINUS
113
Injured in "Blow Out Fracture"
ROOF of MAXILLARY SINUS that forms FLOOR of ORBIT
114
Sinus that opens into Middle Meatus of Nose
MAXILLARY & FRONTAL SINUS
115
Sinus that opens into Spheno- Ethmoidal Recess
SPHENOIDAL SINUS
116
Anterior and Middle Group opens into Middle Meatus; Posterior group opens into Superior Meatus
ETHMOIDAL SINUS
117
Upgrowth from Roof of Primitive Mouth; ANTERIOR PITUITARY
HYPOPHYSIAL POUCH/ RATHKE
118
Downgrowth of from Forebrain (Diencephalon); POSTERIOR PITUITARY
NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL BUD
119
Most Common Tumor in Sella Turcica; derived from remnants of RATHKE's POUCH
CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
120
Tend to secrete pituitary hormones; derived from secretory cells of adenohypophysis; common in OLDER PATIENTS
PITUITARY ADENOMAS
121
Secrete Prolactin causing Galactorrhea & Amenorrhea
PROLACTINOMAS
122
Horizontal plane intersecting Disk between T4 & T5; Tracheal bifurcation
STERNAL ANGLE
123
Boundaries of Mediastinum
BASE of NECK (Superior), DIAPHRAGM (Inferior), STERNUM, COSTAL CARTILAGE, XIPHISTERNAL JOINT at T9 (Anterior), 12 THORACIC VERTEBRA (Posterior)
124
Formed by RIGHT ascending lumbar & RIGHT subcostal; lower end connect to IVC; arch over root of Right Lung and empties into SVC; connects SVC to IVC
AZYGOS VEIN
125
Formed by LEFT ascending lumbar & Left subcostal; receives 9th, 10th & 11th posterior intercostal vein and enter Azygos Vein
HEMIAZYGOS VEIN
126
Common Site of Occlusion in Myocardial Infarction
ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY
127
Sensitive to Pain, Touch, Temperature and Pressure; Supplied by Intercostal and Phrenic Nerves
PARIETAL PLEURA
128
Sensitive to Stretch but Insensitive to Common Sensation
VISCERAL PLEURA
129
Costal Line (PARIETAL) of Pleural Reflection passes
8th (MCL), 10th (MAL), 12th (Sides of Vertebral Column)
130
Lower Margin (VISCERAL) of Lungs crosses the
6th (MCL), 8th (MAL), 10th (Sides of Vertebral Column)
131
Aspiration of fluid in Pleural Cavity at or Posterior to Midaxillary Line one or two spaces below fluid level but not below 9th Intercostal space
THORACENTESIS
132
Shorter, Wider, and More Vertical Bronchus
RIGHT MAIN BRONCHUS
133
Eparterial of Right Lung
RIGHT SUPERIOR BRONCHUS
134
Non- Ciliated Epithelial Cells of Terminal Bronchioles
CLARA CELLS
135
First 2 - Superior Intercostal of Costocervical Trunk; Remaining Branches - Descending Aorta
POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL
136
Upper 6 - Internal Thoracic Artery; Remaining - Musculophrenic
ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL
137
Arterial Supply of Breast
INTERNAL THORACIC (Subclavian) LATERAL THORACIC & THORACOACROMIAL (Axillary) POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL (Thoracic Aorta)
138
Venous Drainage of Breast
LATERAL THORACIC & THORACOACROMIAL (Axillary) INTERNAL THORACIC
139
Axillary Lymph Node Level
PECTORAL/ ANTERIOR (External Mammary) POSTERIOR (Subscapular) HUMERAL/ LATERAL (Axillary) = LEVEL I; CENTRAL NODE = LEVEL II; APICAL (SubClavicular) NODE = LEVEL III
140
Clinical Stage of Breast Cancer
Stage 0 = Carcinoma in Situ (confined to Ductal System); Stage 1 = Less than or equal to 2 cm, No LN; Stage 2 = Less than or Equal to 5 cm, 1-3 LN; Stage 3 = Less than or Equal to 5 cm, 4 or more LN; Stage 4 = Distant Metastasis
141
Inferior to Thyroid and Superior to Crycoid; TRUE VOCAL CORDS superior to it
CRICOTHYROID MEMBRANE
142
Nerve injured in Palatine Tonsillectomy resulting in loss of general and taste sensations on posterior 1/3 of tongue
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (CN IX)
143
Zone of Penetrating Neck Trauma
Zone I = ROOT of NECK to INFERIOR BORDER of CRICOID; Zone II = CRICOID to ANGLE of MANDIBLE; Zone III = ABOVE LEVEL of ANGLE of MANDIBLE
144
Inflammation is FIRST sign of Cancer in Thorax or Abdomen
SUPRACLAVICULAR/ SENTINEL NODES
145
Esophageal Constrictions
PHARYNGOESOPHAGEAL (Beginning of Esophagus, sec to Cricopharyngeus Muscle), THORACIC (Aortic Arch & Left Main Bronchus), DIAPHRAGMATIC (Esophageal Hiatus)
146
Tongue Muscle Innervation
HYPOGLOSSAL EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS (Vagus)
147
Palate Innervation
VAGUS EXCEPT TENSOR VELI PALATINI (Trigeminal)
148
Pharyngeal Innervation
VAGUS EXCEPT STYLOPHARYNGEUS (Glossopharyngeal)
149
Infrahyoid Innervation
ANSA CERVICALIS EXCEPT THYROHYOID (C1)
150
Inguinal Triangle (Hesselbach's Triangle) Boundaries
INGUINAL LIGAMENT (InferioLateral), RECTUS ABDOMINIS (Medial), INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY (SuperioLateral)
151
Indirect Inguinal Hernia
LATERAL to INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC Vessels & ENTERS DEEP INGUINAL RING
152
Direct Inguinal Hernia
MEDIAL to INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC Vessels & covered ONLY by EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA
153
Trace the Blood Supply of Appendix
ILEOCOLIC > ILEAL > APPENDICULAR
154
Trace Superior Mesenteric Artery Route
ADOMINAL AORTA (L1 Level) > NECK of PANCREAS but CROSS ANTERIOR to 3rd PART of DUODENUM
155
Enumerate Foregut Derivatives
ESOPHAGUS & STOMACH, DUODENUM, LIVER, BILIARY APPARATUS & PANCREAS (supplied by CELIAC ARTERY)
156
Enumerate the Midgut Derivatives
SMALL INTESTINE inc most of DUODENUM, CECUM, VERMIFORM APPENDIX, ASCENDING COLON, Right Half of TRANSVERSE COLON (Supplied by SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY)
157
Enumerate the Hindgut Derivatives
Left 1/3 to 1/2 of TRANSVERSE COLON, DESCENDING COLON & SIGMOID COLON, RECTUM & SUPERIOR PART of ANAL CANAL (Supplied by Inferior Mesenteric Artery)
158
Pain Referral in Abdomen
Pain from FOREGUT derivatives perceived at EPIGASTRIC (T5-T9), from MIDGUT derivatives at PERIUMBILICAL (T10-T11), HINDGUT derivatives at HYPOGASTRIC (L1-L2)
159
Boundaries of Foramen of Winslow
HEPATICODUODENAL LIGAMENT containing Portal Vein, Hepatic Artery & CBD (ANTERIOR), IVC (POSTERIOR), CAUDATE LOBE (SUPERIOR), SUPERIOR PART of DUODENUM (INFERIOR)
160
Blood Supply of Stomach
RIGHT & LEFT GASTRIC ARTERIES (Lesser Curvature), RIGHT & LEFT GASTROEPIPLOIC ARTERIES (Greater Curvature), SHORT GASTRIC (FUNDUS)
161
Structural Layers of Kidney
(Internal - External) RENAL FASCIA > PERIRENAL FASCIA > PARARENAL FASCIA
162
Surgical Risk of Ureter at 3 Pelvic Sites
OOPHORECTOMY with HYSTERECTOMY: URETER lies MEDIAL to OVARIAN VESSELS; INFERIOR to UTERINE VESSELS; VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY: LATERAL to UTERINE CERVIX
163
Uterine Position
VERSION = relation between UTERUS & VAGINA; FLEXION = relation between BODY & CERVIX (FLEXION = BODY, VERSION = FUNDUS)
