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Anatomy > Anatomy of VC > Flashcards

Anatomy of VC Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of VC?

A

Strong, Flexible segmented rod bones + fibrocartilage + ligament + muscles.

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2
Q

What is the regions Of VC?

A 
1- [7 Cervical]
2- [12 Thoracic]
3- [5 Lumbar]
4- [5 Sacral] fused
5- [4 Coccygeal] fused
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3
Q

Describe the curvature of VC

A
  • Cervical lordosis [2 curvature]
  • Thoracic kyphosis [1 curvature]
  • lumbar lordosis [2 curvature]
  • Sacral kyphosis [1 curvature ]

[lordosis على داخل = Concave] & [kyphosis على برا = convex]

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4
Q

List some curvature abnormalities of the VC

A

1- Kyphosis على برا: of 1 curvature [thoracic]
Because of structural changes in the vertebral bodies or IV discs
A- Disease based kyphosis: Crush fracture or tuberculous,
B- Senile kyphosis: [in the aged]. Osteoporosis lead to [C,T,L kyphosis].
——————————————————————————————–
2- Lordosis على داخل: of the 2 curvature [Cervical, lumbar]
Because of obesity [increase weight of abdominal content] or
Because of pregnancy [gravid uterus]
——————————————————————————————–
3- Scoliosis يمين او يسار: lateral deviation.
Because of poliomyelitis or congenital hemivertebra
Stress on the back increase from the C to L region + LBP is common

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5
Q

VC and cancer…

A
  • V are common sites of metastatic diseases.
  • Cancer cell grow within VB —> Interrupt normal bone cell TURNOVER [resorption & replacement] —> Bone destruction + destroying of the mechanical properties of the bone —> Minor injury lead to V collapse.
  • V that contain extensive metastatic disease = will extrude the fragment of tumor into VC —-> compression of nerves and spinal cord.
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6
Q

list the features of the typical vertebra.

A

1- Body. [ant]
2- Vertebral arch [pedicles & laminae]. [post]
3- Transverse processes. [lat]
4- Spinous processes. [post]
5- Articular processes. [sup & inf]
7- vertebral foramina —- form a continuous passageway termed v. canal = conveys the spinal cord and its coverage.

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7
Q

Features of cervical vertebrae? [C3-C7]

A
  • Small body.
  • Triangular vertebral foramen.
  • Transverse foramina.
  • Bifid spinous process.
  • Large IV disc.
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8
Q

Features of Atlas [C1]

A
  • NO body & NO spinous process.
  • Transvers foramina.
  • Ant & post. arches.
  • Articulates with occiput above via elongated condyles [A-P]
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9
Q

Features of Axis [C2]

A
  • Dens [odontoid process زي السن].
  • Facet for Ant. arch of atlas.
  • Articulates with C1 via flattened horizontal condyles.
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10
Q

Features of C7 [Cervical prominens].

A
  • Longest spinous process.
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11
Q

Features of T.V

A
  • Medium size, heart shape body.
  • Circular VF.
  • Long spinous process.
  • Long transverse processes.
  • costal facets:
    1- 2 hemi facets on body.
    2- 1 facet TP.
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12
Q

Features of L.V

A
  • Large kidney shape body.
  • Thick IV disc.
  • Long, slender TP.
  • Short SP.
    [NO T & C features].
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13
Q

Features of Sacral & Coccygeal V

A

1- Sacral: 2-Coccygeal:

  • Base [Sup.]: Artcu. with L5 - Small, fused.
  • Apex [Inf.] : Artcu. with coccyx
  • Sacral promontory: Ant. & upper margin of S1 & bulges forward.
  • Sacral canal & Sacral hiatus.
  • Sacral foramina [ventral & dorsal].
  • Lumbosacral surface.
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14
Q

What is the components of sacral canal?

A

Contain [Cauda equina] = contain sacral & coccygeal spinal nerves.

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15
Q

How the sacral hiatus is formed?

A

The laminae of the S5 fail to meet in the midline.

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16
Q

What pass through sacral foramina?

A

Ant. & Post. surface of sacrum have 4 sacral foramina.
4 Ant.[ventral] & 4 Post.[dorsal]
passage of the Ant. & Post. rami of the upper four [Sacral nerve]

17
Q

list the sacral ligaments

A

1- Sacrospinous ligament = Connects the ischial spine to the Lat. border of sacrum.
2- Sacrotuberus ligament = Connect the ischial tuberosity to the Lat. border of sacrum.

18
Q

Function of SS & ST ligaments?

A

Prevent the lower end of sacrum and coccyx from upward rotation at SI joint.

19
Q

List the VC joints.

A

1- Atlanto Occipital joints.
2- Atalntoaxial joints.
3- Joints between V bodies.
= [Ant. IV discs anulus & nucleus]
&
[Post. IV plane synovial between V arches & facets joints].

20
Q

AO joints.

A
  • 2 synovial joints.
  • Between:
    Occipital condyles [Sup.]
    &
    Facets on the Sup. surface of the Lat. masses of ATLAS [Inf.]
21
Q

AA joints.

A
  • 3 synovial joints.
  • 1 between odontoid process[dens] of AXIS&Ant. arch of ATLAS*.
  • 2 between the lat. masses of ATLAS & AXIS*.
22
Q

Site of exit of spinal nerves?

A

I.V foramen.

23
Q

IV foramen located between ……. of adjacent V

A

Pedicles

24
Q

Injury of I.V foramen will affects…

A

Root of spinal nerve.

25
Q

Function of IV discs

A

1- [Anulus] = Keep V bodies together.
2- [Nucleus] = Keep V bodies apart
3- Bear & distribute loads [compressive loads].

26
Q

Structure of IV discs

A

1- Anulus fibrosus:

  - Laminae resist rotation [half in each direction]
  - Thinnest post.

2- Nucleus pulposus [fluid]:

 - Located Post.
 - Decreased water content with age
27
Q

most be injured even with small movement and forces?

A

IV discs

28
Q

most susceptible in flexion & rotation?

A

IV discs

29
Q

No blood supply to IV discs? T OR F

A

TRUE.

30
Q

Nerve supply of IV discs?

A

Recurrent meningeal [nerve to outer one third of annulus].

31
Q

The majority of herniated discs occurs in the….

A

1- Lumbar spine [L4-L5 OR L5-S1]

2- Cervical region [C5-C6 OR C6-C7]

32
Q

Movement possible on the VC

A
  • F/E
  • Lat.F [Left&right]
  • Rotation [Left&right]
  • Circumduction

Anatomy (3 decks)

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