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MSK Anatomy > Anatomy of Upper Limbs and Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy of Upper Limbs and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Origin: spinous processes of C7-T3

Insertion: ribs 2-5

Action: assists with inhalation

A

Serratus Posterior Superior

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2
Q

Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T3

Insertion: mastoid process

Action: Acting unilaterally, produce ipsilateral flexion and slight rotation of head; extend head when acting bilaterally

A

Splenius Capitis

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3
Q

Origin: Spinous processes of T3-T6

Insertion: Transverse processes of C1-C3/4

Action: Acting unilaterally, produce ipsilateral flexion and slight rotation of head; extend head when acting bilaterally

A

Splenius Cervicis

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4
Q

Origin: Transverse processes of C4-T5

Insertion: Between superior & inferior nuchal line of occiput

Action: Extends vertebral column and head

A

Semispinalis Capitis

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5
Q

Origin: common tendon (thorcolumbar fascia) that attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and last 2 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Various attachments at posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vert, and mastoid process.

A: Laterally flex vertebral column to same side (unilaterally); extends vertebral column (bilaterally)

A

Erector Spinae group

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6
Q

Subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus fossa attachments; Superior and Inferior angles; Lateral and Medial borders; Glenoid Cavity; Supraglenoid and Infraglenoid tubercles

A

Scapula

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7
Q

Boney prominence that lays inferior to the anterior scapular curvature

A

Coracoid Process

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8
Q

Boney prominence that lays inferior to the lateral end of the clavicular curvature

A

Coracoid Process

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9
Q

Acromial (lateral) end, Sternal (medial) end

A

Clavicle

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10
Q

Bone: greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, attachment to the glenoid fossa, deltoid tuberosity

A

Humerus

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11
Q

Action: extend head & neck(bilaterally); laterally flex head and neck to same side; rotate head and neck

Origin: External protuberance, medial one third portion of superior nuchal line of occiput, spinous process of C7, ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Posterior border of lateral third of clavicle

A

Trapezius (Upper Fibers)

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12
Q

Action: adduct, stabilize scapula

Origin: spinous process of the C7-T3

Insertion: the acromion

A

Trapezius (Middle Fibers)

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13
Q

Action: depress scapula; downwardly rotate scapula

Origin: spinous process of the T4–T12

Insertion: spine of scapula

A

Trapezius (Lower Fibers)

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14
Q

Action: extend, adduct and medially rotate shoulder

Origin: inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vert, last 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia and posterior iliac crest

Insertion: intertubercle groove of humerus

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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15
Q

Action: extend, adduct and medially rotate shoulder

Origin: inferior angle & lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

A

Teres Major

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16
Q

Action: extend elbow (all heads), extend and adduct shoulder (long head)

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), posterior surface of proximal half of humerus (lat. head), posterior surface of distal half of humerus (medial head)

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

A

Triceps Brachii

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17
Q

Action: flex, adduct shoulder

Origin: coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: medial surface of mid-humeral shaft

A

Coracobrachialis

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18
Q

Main Ligaments of the Shoulder

A 
Coraco-clavicular ligament
Acromio-clavicular ligament
Coraco-acromial ligament
Coraco-humeral ligament
Gleno-humeral joint
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19
Q

Action: abduct shoulder (all fibers); flex, medially rotate, horizontally adduct shoulder (anterior fibers); extend, laterally rotate, horizontally abduct shoulder

Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

A

Deltoid

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20
Q

Action: laterally rotate, adduct shoulder; stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Origin: infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

A

Infraspinatus

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21
Q

Action: flex both elbow and shoulder; spinate forearm

Origin: coracoid process of scapula (short head); supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)

Insertion: radial tuberosity

A

Biceps brachii

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22
Q

Action: Laterally rotate, adduct shoulder; stabilize humerus in glenoid cavity

Origin: upper 2/3rds of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

A

Teres Minor

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23
Q

Action: Adduct, elevate and downwardly rotate scapula

Origin: spinous process of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of scapula between the spine of scapula and inferior angle

A

Rhomboid Major

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24
Q

Action: adduct, elevate and downwardly rotate scapula

Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1

Insertion: upper portion of medial border of scapula, across from spine of scapula

A

Rhomboid Minor

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25
Q

Action: Unilaterally - elevate, downwardly rotate scapula; lat. flex head and neck; rotate head and neck to same side
Bilaterally - extend head and neck

Origin: transverse process of C1-C4

Insertion: medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula

A

Levator Scapula

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26
Q

Action: abduct, upwardly rotate, depress scapula; hold the medial border of scapula against rib cage

Origin: external surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs

Insertion: anterior surface of medial border of scapula

A

Serratus Anterior

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27
Q

Action: abduct shoulder; stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Origin: supraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

A

Supraspinatus

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28
Q

Action: adduct, medially rotate shoulder (all fibers); assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation (all); flex & horizontally adduct shoulder (upper fibers); extend shoulder (lower fibers)

Origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1st through 6th ribs

Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus

A

Pectoralis Major

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29
Q

Action: depress, abduct, downwardly rotate scapula; assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation

Origin: 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs

Insertion: medial surface of coracoid process of scapula

A

Pectoralis Minor

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30
Q

Action:
Unilaterally - laterally flex head & neck to same side; rotate head & neck to opposite side
Bilaterally - elevate ribs during inhalation; flex head & neck (anterior only)

Origin:
Transverse processes of C3-C7 (anterior), C2-C7 (middle), C6-C7 (posterior)

Insertion: first rib (anterior and middle), second rib (posterior)

A

Scalenes

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31
Q

Action: laterally flex head & neck to same side, rotate head & neck to opposite side (unilaterally); flex neck (bilaterally)

Origin: sternal head - top of manubrium
clavicular head - medial 1/3 of
clavicle

Insertion: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

32
Q

Bones of the wrist

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

33
Q

Action: abduct, extend thumb; abduct wrist

Origin: posterior surface of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of 1st MC

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus

34
Q

Action: extend thumb (IP joint); extend thumb (MCP & CMC Jt )

Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

A

Extensor Pollicis Longus

35
Q

Action: abduct thumb

Origin: flexor retinaculum, trapezium and scaphoid tubercles

Insertion: bones of proximal phalanx of thumb

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

36
Q

Action: adduct thumb

Origin: capitate, 2nd and 3rd MC

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

A

Adductor Pollicis

37
Q

Action: extend 2nd through 5th fingers at IP joints; flex 2nd through 5th fingers at MCP joints

Origin: tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surfaces of phalanges

A

Lumbricals of the Hand

38
Q

Action: adduct thumb, 2nd, 4th and 5th fingers toward 3rd finger

Origin: base of 1st 2nd, 4th and 5th MCs

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of the related finger and the extensor aponeurosis

A

Palmar Interossei

39
Q

Action: abduct 2nd, 3rd and 4th fingers at MC joints

Origin: adjacent sides of all MCs

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 2nd-4th fingers and the extensor aponeurosis

A

Dorsal Interossei

40
Q

Action: abduct 5th finger (MCP joint); assist in opposition of 5th finger toward thumb

Origin: pisiform & tendon of FCU

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, ulnar surface

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi

41
Q

Boney Landmarks of the Forearm: Ulna

A

Olecranon process, shaft, styloid process and head

42
Q

Boney Landmarks of the Forearm: Radius

A

Head, shaft, styloid process

43
Q

Action: flex elbow

Origin: distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Insertion: tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

A

Brachialis

44
Q

Action: flex elbow

Origin: distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Insertion: tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

A

Brachialis

45
Q

Action: flex elbow; assist in pronating and supinating forearm

Origin: proximal 2/3rds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: styloid process of radius

A

Brachioradialis

46
Q

Action: extend, abduct wrist; assist to flex elbow

Origin: distal 1/3rd of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: base of 2nd MC

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

47
Q

Action: extend, abduct wrist; assist to flex elbow

Origin: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of 3rd MC

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

48
Q

Action: extend, abduct wrist

Origin: common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of 5th MC

A

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

49
Q

Action: extend 2nd through 5th fingers; assist to extend wrist

Origin: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of middle and distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th fingers

A

Extensor Digitorum

50
Q

Action: flex, abduct wrist; flex elbow (assist)

Origin: common flex tendon from medial epicondyle

Insertion: base of 2nd & 3rd MCs

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis

51
Q

Action: tense the palmar fascia, flex wrist, flex elbow (assist)

Origin: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

A

Palmaris Longus

52
Q

Action: flex 2nd through 5th fingers; flex wrist

Origin: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane and proximal shaft of radius

Insertion: sides of middle phalanges of 2nd through 5th fingers

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

53
Q

Action: flex wrist; flex elbow (assist)

Origin:
medial epicondyle,
posterior surface of the proximal ulna

Insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate and base of 5th MC

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

54
Q

Action: flex 2nd through 5th fingers

Origin: anterior & medial surfaces of proximal three quarters of ulna

Insertion: bases of distal phalanges, palmar surface of 2nd - 5th fingers

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

55
Q

Action: pronate forearm; flex elbow (assist)

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

A

Pronator Teres

56
Q

Action: pronate forearm

Origin: medial anterior surface of distal ulna

Insertion: lateral anterior surface of distal radius

A

Pronator Quadratus

57
Q

Action: supinate forearm

Origin: lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, and supinator crest of ulna

Insertion: anterior lateral of proximal 1/3rd of radial shaft

A

Supinator

58
Q

C4, C5, C6, C7 dermatomes

A

Clavicle, Lateral Deltoid, Thumb, Middle Finger

59
Q

C8 and T1 dermatomes

A

Pinky and Medial side of forearm to base of pinky

60
Q

C1, C2, C3, C4 Myotomes

A

Neck flexion, neck extension, neck side flexion, shoulder elevation

61
Q

C5 C6, C7, C8, T1 Myotomes

A

Shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, elbow extension, finger flexion, finger abduction/adduction

62
Q

Maitland’s Mobilization Grading Technique

Grade I

A

Small amplitude movement at beginning of the available range

63
Q

Maitland’s Mobilization Grading Technique

Grade II

A

Large amplitude movement at within middle (just past) of available range

64
Q

Maitland’s Mobilization Grading Technique

Grade III

A

Large amplitude movement that moves within/into stiffness or resistance

65
Q

Maitland’s Mobilization Grading Technique

Grade IV

A

Small amplitude movement stretching into / /slightly past stiffness or resistance

66
Q

Oxford Muscle Strength Scale (0-2/5)

A

0/5 - no contraction
1/5 - visible/palpable muscle contraction; no movement
2/5 - movement with gravity eliminated

67
Q

Oxford Muscle Strength Scale (3-5/5)

A

3/5 - Movement against gravity only
4/5 - Movement with some resistance
5/5 - Movement with full resistence

68
Q

Time Frame of Stages of Healing (Bleeding)

A

First 0-6 hours

69
Q

Time Frame of Stages of Healing (Inflammation)

A

Occurs 1-2 hours after injury … peaks at 1-3 days … can last for a couple weeks

70
Q

Time Frame of Stages of Healing (Proliferation)

A

Starts within 24-48 hours … peaks at around 2-3 weeks … can last up to 4-6 months

71
Q

Time Frame of Stages of Healing (Remodeling)

A

Usually starts around 2-3 weeks after injury and could take as long as a few months or years depending on severity

72
Q

5 D’s

A 
Dizziness (light headedness, vertigo)
Diplopia (visual problems)
Drop Attacks (sudden weakness in face or limbs)
Dysarthria (speech disorder)
Dysphagia (swallowing problems)
73
Q

3 N’s

A

Nausea (possibly with vomiting)
Numbness
Nystagmus (spontaneous, involuntary rhythmic side to side, up and down or circular movement of the eyes)

74
Q

Red Flags

A 
Severe Pain, 
Worsening or Constant pain, 
Night pain - disturbed sleep, 
Significant unexplained weight loss, 
Pins and Needles, 
Trauma, 
Severe injury, 
Numbness in arms or legs
75
Q

Yellow Flags

A

Pessimistic Attitude toward pain and recovery
Excessive fear of movement and activity
Previous experiences
Work-related issues
Emotional problems (depression, anxiety)
Generalized pain (headache, fatigue, dizziness)
Desire for passive treatments; little desire to be proactive
Overprotective Family
Social withdrawal, lack of support

MSK Anatomy (1 decks)

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