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GI Anatomy > Anatomy of the Upper GI System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Upper GI System Flashcards

1
Q

At what joint does the movement of closing and opening the jaw occur?

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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2
Q

What controls the TMJ?

A

Muscles of mastication

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3
Q

State the muscles of mastication and the nerve which supplies them.

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

Mandibular division of CN V

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4
Q

What muscle of mastication connects the coronoid process of the mandible to the temporal fossa?

A

Temporalis

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5
Q

What muscle of mastication connects the angle of mandible to the zygomatic arch?

A

Masseter

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6
Q

What muscle of mastication connects the condyle of mandible to the pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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7
Q

What muscle of mastication connects the angle of mandible to the pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone?

A

Medial pterygoid

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8
Q

What is the overriding course for all cranial nerves?

A

CNS → Intracranial part → Base of skull foramen → Extracranial part

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9
Q

What is the course of the mandibular division of CN V

A

Pons → Inferior to the edge of tentorium cerebelli → Sphenoid bone & foramen ovale → Structures supplied

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10
Q

What is the plane, location and nerve innervation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

Plane = horizontal
Location = oral cavity
Nerve innervation = CN VII (taste) and CN V3 (general sensation)

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11
Q

What is the plane, location and nerve innervation of the posterior one third of the tongue?

A

Plane = vertical
Location = oropharynx
Nerve innervation = CN IX

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12
Q

State what is found on the surface of the tongue and what they detect

A

Foliate papillae, vallate papillae and fungiform papillae are all bumps with taste receptors
Filiform papillae are bumps that detect touch and temperature

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13
Q

What branch of CN VII contains the taste fibres for the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani

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14
Q

What nerve supplies the superior half of the oral cavity?

A

CN V2

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the inferior half of the oral cavity?

A

CN V3

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16
Q

What is the function of the gag reflex and what nerves carry the sensory and motor parts of the reflex?

A

The gag reflex is a protective reflex preventing foreign bodies entering the pharynx/larynx.
The sensory fibres are carried by CN IX and the motor fibres are carried by CN IX and CN X.

17
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the three salivary glands?

A 
Parotid = secretes into mouth by upper 2nd molar
Submandibular = enters floor of mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle
Sublingual = lays in floor of mouth
18
Q

What cranial nerves supply the salivary glands?

A

Parotid are supplied by CN IX

Submandibular and sublingual are supplied by CN VII

19
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

They change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

20
Q

Name the four pairs of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, and their nerve innervation

A

Palatoglossus - CN X
Styloglossus - CN XII
Genioglossus - CN XII
Hyoglossus - CN XII

21
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

These muscles modify the shape of the tongue during function

22
Q

What is the function and nerve innervation of the circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

Contract sequentially to move bolus inferiorly, and innervated by CN X

23
Q

What is the function and nerve innervation of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Contract to elevate the pharynx and larynx. Innervated by CN IX and CN X

24
Q

List the steps of swallowing

A

Lips close → tongue pushes food towards oropharynx → pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract to push food towards oesophagus → longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract to raise larynx and close off laryngeal inlet → food reaches oesophagus

25
Q

What are the sphincters of the oesophagus?

A

An anatomical upper sphincter (cricopharyngeus muscle) and a physiological lower sphincter

26
Q

Give some of the anatomical relations of the oesophagus

A

Posterior to trachea and heart

In contact with left atrium

27
Q

What is the function and location of the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

The lower oesophageal sphincter helps to prevent reflux
It lies superior to the gastro-oesophageal junction, where there is a change in epithelium from stratified squamous to simple columnar

28
Q

What are the functions of the rugae, cardia and pyloric antrum of the stomach?

A

Rugae - folds of the stomach that push bolus inferiorly
Cardia - entrance to stomach
Pyloric antrum - where chyme is stored before it is released to duodenum

29
Q

What is the clinical importance of the posterior anatomical relations of the stomach?

A

Posterior to the stomach is the spleen and its artery. Should a peptic ulcer from the posterior stomach rupture this artery, it will cause massive blood loss

GI Anatomy (6 decks)

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