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Speech and Hearing Science > Anatomy of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Three Subsystems of Speech Production

A

Respiratory
Laryngeal/Phonatory
Articulatory/Resonance

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2
Q

Thorax components

A 
Vertebral Column
Rib Cage
Pectoral Girdle
Trachea
Sternum
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3
Q

How Many Vertebra?

A

34

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4
Q

Vertebra Components

A

Body
Vertebral Formaen
Spinous Process
Transverse Process

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5
Q

Types of Vertebra

A 
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)
Coccygeal (5)
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6
Q

How Many Ribs?

A

12

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7
Q

Characteristics of Ribs (in terms of size)

A

middle ribs are larger than upper and lower

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8
Q

Rib Components

A

Shaft
Neck and Head
Costal groove: blood vessels and nerves run
Costal angle: curvature of rib as it bends in two direction

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9
Q

Vertebra and Rib articulations

A

Posterior Articulations:
Head of ribs and body of thoracic vertebrae

Neck of ribs and transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

Sternum

A

Front support for the rib cage

articulates with R1-R10
R11-12 are floating ribs

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11
Q

Parts of the Sternum

A

Manubrium (RI)

Corpus anterior point of articulation for most of ribs (R2-R6)

Xiphoid Process

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12
Q

Joints of the Ribs and Sternum

A

Ribs join sternum by cartilage

  1. Synchrondosis= RI & manubrium–ossifies with age
  2. Synovial= R2-R10
    allow a variety of movements. (upward, downward, inward)
    movements= simultaneous with lateral movements of rib cage and vertebral column
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13
Q

Pectoral Girdle Components

A

Clavicle: articulates with the manubrium of the sternum on both sides

Scapula: suspended in place by their articulations within the clavicles

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14
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Provides structure and support

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15
Q

Pulmonary Apparatus

A 
Trachea
Tracheal cartilages
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
primary bronchi
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16
Q

Trachea

A

Singular tube composed of 16-20 horseshoe-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

rings are incomplete posteriorly and filled with fibrous tissue and smooth muscle fibers

rings extend from level C6 to T5

articulate superiorly with the cricoid cartilage (base of the larynx)

inferior terminal bifurcates forming main stem (primary bronchi)

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17
Q

Bronchial Tree

A

tubes running to the 5 lobes of the lungs

18
Q

Components of Bronchial Tree

A 
Segmental bronchi
Subsegmental bronchi
Terminal Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli
19
Q

Alveolar Ducts

A

air-filled structure

million of alveoli in bunches

surrounded by tiny blood capillaries

exchange gases

20
Q

Lungs

A

Pair of cone-shaped structure

porous and spongey

consists of elastic fibers

21
Q

Components of Lungs

A

Visceral Pleura: inner layer

Parietal Pleura: outer layer

22
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Pulmonary Apparatus is housed within the chest wall

rib cage
sternum
pectoral girdle
vertebral column
diaphragm
23
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

11 pairs of both external and internal intercostals (21 total)

oriented obliquely and cross each other

externals=superficial, not found at sternum end of ribs

internals= deep, not found at the vertebrate end of ribs

24
Q

External Intercostals

A

stronger than internal

play a large role in expanding the rib cage, elevating them

origin is the rib immediately above, insertion is the rib below

contraction causes the rib where the insertion is made to elevate

25
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

Originates from the rib below (upper ridge) and inserts into the rib above

assists in lower the ribs along the lateral and posterior walls, play a large role in forced expiration

adds rigidity during respiration

26
Q

Diaphragm

A

single muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen

one of the largest muscles in our body

bi-domed shape

muscle fibers insert into the central tendon

27
Q

Diaphram Points of Origin

A
  1. Sternal portion attaches to the posterior surface of the xiphoid process
  2. costal portion that anchors onto the lowermost six ribs
  3. lumbar portion that attaches to L1 through L3
28
Q

What connects the diaphragm to the lungs

A

Parietal pleura

29
Q

Diaphram & inhalation/exhalation

A

inhalation: the diaphragm contracts, move down
exhalation: the diaphragm relaxes. moves up

30
Q

Muscle of the Rib Cage

A

Sternocleidomatoid:
front and side of the neck

originates at the top/front of the sternum and sternum end of the clavicle

course superiorly and posteriorly to terminate at mastoid process of temporal bone

elevates sternum and clavicle

31
Q

Muscles Associated with the Ventral Thorax

A
  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. Pectoralis Minor
  3. Subclavius
  4. Serratus Anterior
32
Q

Pectoralis major and minor

A

Pectoralis Major: fan shaped, attached to clavicle, sternum, humerus
-elevates sternum and anterior part of ribs

Pectoralis minor: deep into pectorals major

  • runs from anterior aspect of R2 to R5 to the scapula
  • elevates R2-R5
33
Q

Subclavius

A

courses below and parallel to the clavicle

runs from the rib to the clavicle

elevates first rib

34
Q

Serratus anterior

A

sawtooth shaped

runs from the ribs to the scapula and other surfaces of the ribs

elevates R1-R8

35
Q

Muscles associated with the dorsal thorax

A
  1. Lateral iliocostalis cervicis= originates on R3-R6 and inserts into C4-C6; elevates the ribs
  2. Lateral iliocostalis thoracis= originates R7-R12 and inserts into lower edges of R1-R6. These muscles work together to elevate the ribs
  3. Latissiumus Dorsi= wider medially than laterally, originates at upper thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae and inserts into upper humorous; elevates R9-R12
  4. Serratus posterior Inferior= depresses ribs 9-12
  5. Serratus posterior superior= originates from C7-T3 and inserts lateral to the angle of R2-R5; elevates R2-R5
36
Q

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

A
  1. External Oblique
  2. Internal Oblique
  3. Rectus Abdominus
  4. Transverse Abdominus
37
Q

External Oblique

A

longest and strongest muscle

originates on posterior surfaces of the lower 8 ribs and inserts at the anterior aspect of the pelvic bone

fibers run in a diagonal direction

pulls the lower ribs downward and compresses the abdomen

38
Q

Internal Obliques

A

runs deep into external oblique

course in the diagonal direction opposite external oblique

ordinates form the anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest and inserts into R10-R12

pulls downward on the lower ribs and compresses abdomen walls

39
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

fibers course verticaly from lower abdomen to diploid process and from R5-R7

compresses the anterior abdominal wall

40
Q

Transverse Abdominus

A

runs horizontally from the inner surfaces of R6-R12

compresses the anterior and lateral walls of the abdomen

41
Q

Secondary Muscles of Expiration

A

Muscles of the rib cage wall that serve to depress the ribs

  1. Serratus posterior inferior
  2. Subcostals
  3. Transversus thoracis
42
Q

Four Cranial Nerves

A
  1. Glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
  2. Vagus (CN 10)
  3. Hypoglossal (CN 12)
  4. Accessory (CN 11)

Speech and Hearing Science (1 decks)

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