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Systems: The Respiratory System > Anatomy of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What bones do the thoracic wall comprise of, anterior, posterior and laterally ?

A

Anterior: The sternum
Posterior: T1-T12
Laterally: Ribs 1-12

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2
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae will articulate with the head of rib 7 ?

A

T6 and T7 (The vertebrae of the rib and the vertebrae above)

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3
Q

Which ribs are true ribs ?

A

1-7

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4
Q

Which ribs are false ribs ?

A

8-10

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5
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs ?

A

11 and 12

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6
Q

What runs in the costal groove ?

A

The neurovascular bundle

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7
Q

Between what muscles is the neurovascular bundle found ?

A

The innermost intercostals and the internal intercostals

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8
Q

What number of rib is an atypical true rib as it only articulates with one vertebrae ?

A

Rib 1 only articulates with T1

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9
Q

On the first rib there are two grooves what are these for ?

A

Subclavian artery and subclavian vein

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10
Q

What bones make up the ‘Thoracic inlet’ or superior thoracic aperture ?

A

First thoracic vertebrae (T1)

First pair of ribs & the costal cartilage of the first rib & the superior border of the manubrium

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11
Q

The head of the rib articulates with which part of the vertebrae ?

A

The body of the vertebrae

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12
Q

The tubercle of the rib articulates with what part of the vertebrae ?

A

The transverse process

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13
Q

What part of the rib articulates with the body of the vertebrae and what is this type of joint ?

A

The head of the rib

Costovertebral joint = synovial plane joint

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14
Q

Which part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae and what is this type of joint ?

A

The tubercle

Costotransverse joint = Synovial plane joint

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15
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture bound by ?

A

The 12th thoracic vertebrae
The 11th and 12th ribs
The costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 and the xiphisternal joint

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16
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity ?

A

The diaphragm

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17
Q

Where does the lymph fluid of the left side of the chest drain to ?

A

The thoracic duct then into the left brachiocephalic then the left subclavian vein

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18
Q

Where does the lymph fluid of the right side of the chest drain to ?

A

The right lymphatic duct and then the right brachiocephalc and right subclavian

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19
Q

How many peripheral attachments does the diaphragm have and what are these attachments ?

A

Three

1: Lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments
2: Costal cartilage of ribs 7-12
3: Xiphoid process of the sternum

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20
Q

What is the diaphragm’s central attachment ?

A

One central tendon

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21
Q

What are the names of the two tendons that arise from the vertebrae ?

A

Left and Right crura

22
Q

What vertebrae does the right crura arise from ?

A

L1-L3

23
Q

What anatomical structure does the right crura surround and what is this purpose ?

A

The esophagus, to stop gastric reflux

24
Q

What vertebrae does the left crura arise from ?

A

L1-L2

25
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when it contracts ?

A

It flattens

26
Q

What nerve roots provide the diaphragm and via what nerve ?

A

C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive via the input of the left and right phrenic nerves

27
Q

Where does the sensory input for the diaphragm come from ?

A

T7-T12 intercostal nerves

28
Q

How many openings does the diaphragm have on its inferior side ?

A

3

29
Q

What is the name of the hiatus that allows passage for the inferior Vena Cava the right phrenic nerve ?

A

The caval opening can be found in the middle of the central tendon

30
Q

What structures pass through the caval opening and where is this opening on the diaphragm ?

A

The inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve and it can be found in the middle of the central tendon

31
Q

Where can the esophageal hiatus be found on the diaphragm ?

A

Through the muscular sling of the right crura

32
Q

What other structure goes through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm ?

A

The vagus nerve

33
Q

Where is the aortic hiatus located on the inferior aspect of the diaphragm ?

A

It can be found between the left and right crura

34
Q

What other vascular and lymphatic structures run through the aortic hiatus ?

A

The azygous vein, the hemi-azygous and the thoracic duct

35
Q

What vertebral levels can these three openings be found ?

A

The caval hiatus: T8
The esophageal hiatus: T10
The aortic hiatus: T12

36
Q

What anatomical structures make up the upper respiratory tract ?

A

The nasal cavity
The pharynx
The larynx

37
Q

What anatomical structures make up the lower respiratory tract ?

A

Trachea
Primary Bronchi
The lungs

38
Q

How many lobes do the left and right lung have ?

A

left lung: 2 lobes

right lung: 3 lobes

39
Q

At what vertebral level can the cricoid cartilage and the start of the trachea be found ?

A

C6

40
Q

What is the name of the space the left lung creates ?

A

The cardiac notch

41
Q

Where is the hilum found ?

A

On the mediastinal surface of the lung

42
Q

What structures make up the lung root ?

A

The bronchi
The pulmonary artery
The pulmonary vein (Inferior and superior)

43
Q

What additional structure can be found on the hila of the right lung ?

A

An additional brocnhi, an eparterial bronchi

44
Q

What are the two pleura ?

A

Visceral pleura

Parietal pleura

45
Q

Which pleural lining is pain insensitive ?

A

The visceral pleura

46
Q

What nerves innervate the parietal pleura ?

A

Somatic nerves (intercostal nerves and phrenic nerve)

47
Q

What nerves innervate the visceral pleura ?

A

Autonomic nerves (T2-T5)

48
Q

What is a pleural reflection ?

A

Where the pleura changes direction

49
Q

What is a pleural recess ?

A

The increased space between the two pleura found at the pleural reflection

50
Q

The pleura hangs from the lungs, how many rib spaces difference is there between lung and pleura fro ribs 6-10 ?

A

Lung - Rib 6 Pleura - Rib 8
Lung - Rib 8 Pleura - Rib 10
Lung - Rib 10 Pleura -Rib 12

2 rib difference

51
Q

At what rib can the transverse fissure of the right lung be found ?

A

4th Rib

52
Q

At what vertebral level and rib can the oblique fissures of both lungs be found ?

A

T3 and 6th ribs

Systems: The Respiratory System (5 decks)

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