Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RTH 121 > Anatomy of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

What important structures are located in the lamina propria?

A

Arterial holes, capillaries and smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What cervical vertebrae can be used in the chest X-ray to locate the carina?

A

T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the phrase dichotomous branching mean in relation to divisions of the airway and generations of the airways?

A

Each time an airway is reached, it divides and provides two airways. Then those divide and provide two airways. The process continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Generation 1

A

Mainstem bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the angle of the right mainstem bronchus?

A

20-30 degrees from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the angle of the left mainstem bronchus

A

40-55 degrees from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Generation 2

A

Lobar bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the angles of the right/left mainstem bronchus anatomically relate to problems during intubation?

A

We get more right than left because it is bigger in diameter and the angle is easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many lobar bronchi are there on the right?

A

3 (an upper, middle and lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Generation 3

A

Segmental bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many lobar bronchi are there on the left side?

A

2 (upper and lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For chest PT, how is the anatomy different in the left lobar bronchi from the right lobar bronchi?

A

There is no left middle lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Generations 4-9

A

Sub segmental bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many segmental bronchi are there within both lungs right and left? What is happening to their diameter? What is happening to the surface area of the airways cumulatively?

A

18; 4.5 - 13mm; they are naturally becoming smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How has the cartilage changed at the level of the segmental bronchi?

A

They are pieces of cartilage and less regular in shape and volume

24
Q

What is happening to airway diameter in the sub segmental bronchi?

A

Getting smaller; 1- 6cm

25
Q

What is happening to the surface area of the airways cumulatively when you reach the sub segmental bronchi?

A

It is disappearing

26
Q

How has the cartilage in the sub segmental bronchi changed from the previous generation?

A

Volume and support has deteriorated

27
Q

What is happening to the number of mucous cells and globes cells in the sub segmental bronchi?

A

They are diminishing as well

28
Q

Do cilia exist in the sub segmental bronchi generation?

A

Yes, pseudostratified ciliates columnar epithelium

29
Q

Generations 10-15

A

Bronchioles

30
Q

Generation 16

A

Terminal bronchioles

32
Q

What is the airway diameter of the bronchioles?

A

1mm

33
Q

What are the boundaries of the conducting zone, where does it begin and where does it end?

A

Generations 0-16

34
Q

At what generation of airways does the transitional, respiratory zone begin?

A

17

35
Q

What are Clara cells and what do they produce? They produce two substances, what are they?

A

Plump columnar cells that bulge into the lumen of the terminal bronchioles. They are probably responsible for production of mucus and surfactant found in the terminal bronchioles

36
Q

What structures are necessary in the bronchioles to keep the airways open also referred to as airway patency?

A

Fibrous, elastic and smooth muscle

37
Q

What is the cross sectional area of the respiratory bronchioles?

A

1000 cm squared

38
Q

How does the increase in cross sectional area in the respiratory bronchioles affect lung sounds?

A

The breath sounds become quieter and diminished

39
Q

What normal lung sounds are heard at the respiratory bronchioles?

A

Vesicular sounds

40
Q

How has the epithelial tissue of the airways changed when you reach the bronchioles?

A

It is now pseudostratified ciliated cuboidal

41
Q

What keeps the airways clean in the bronchioles since there is no mucociliary blanket to trap and remove debris?

A

Circulating macrophage

42
Q

Generation 17-19

A

Respiratory bronchioles

44
Q

What is the cross sectional area of the terminal bronchioles compared to the trachea?

A

116 cm squared compared to the trachea at 2 - 2.5 cm

45
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the terminal bronchioles made of? How is it different from generations before?

A

Transitioned from cuboidal epithelium of generation 15 to squamous epithelium of generation 17

46
Q

Generations 20-22

A

Alveolar ducts

47
Q

Generations 23

A

Alveolar sacks

RTH 121 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions